This document provides an overview of the dynamics of flight, including: - What air is and how it behaves when heated or cooled - How wings generate lift through faster-moving air on the top creating lower pressure - Isaac Newton's three laws of motion and how they relate to the forces acting on a plane in flight - The four main forces of flight: lift, drag, weight, and thrust - The sound barrier and how shockwaves form as planes exceed the speed of sound - The different regimes of flight speeds from seaplanes to hypersonic flight

1. Dynamics' of flight
Mazen Mohamed tarek presented to :Dr,Mohamed
abassy

2. Contents
 What is air ?
 How wings lift the plane .
 Laws of motion .
 Forces of flight .
 Regimes of Flight .

3. What is air ?
 Air is a physical substance which has weight .
 Moving air has force .
 Hot air expands and spreads out and it becomes
lighter than cool air .
 In 1640, Evagelista Torricelli discovered that air
has weight. When experimenting with measuring
mercury, he discovered that air put pressure on
the mercury .

4. How wings lift the plane ?
air moves faster, the
pressure of the air
decreases. So the pressure
on the top of the wing is
less than the pressure on
the bottom of the wing. The
difference in pressure
creates a force on the wing
that lifts the wing up into the
air.

5. Laws of motion
 Sir Isaac Newton proposed three laws of motion in
1665. These Laws of Motion help to explain how a
planes flies .
 1. If an object is not moving, it will not start moving
by itself. If an object is moving, it will not stop or
change direction unless something pushes it .
 2. Objects will move farther and faster when they
are pushed harder .
 3. When an object is pushed in one direction,
there is always a resistance of the same size in
the opposite direction .

6. Forces of flight
Four forces of flight
Lift - upward
Drag - backward
Weight - downward
Thrust - forward

7. Sound Barrier
Sound is made up of molecules of air that move
When a plane travels the speed of sound the air waves
gather together and compress the air in front of the plane
to keep it from moving forward. This compression causes
a shockwave to form in front of the plane

8. Regimes of Flight
• Sometimes called speeds of flight, each regime is
a different level of flight speed.
Seaplane
General Aviation (100-350 MPH).
Boeing 747
Subsonic (350-750 MPH).

9. Regimes of Flight
Concorde
Supersonic (760-3500 MPH - Mach 1 - Mach 5).
Space Shuttle
Hypersonic (3500-7000 MPH -
Mach 5 to Mach 10).

10. Thank you ….,,