Durban Centre
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The survey aimed to understand the risk factors threatening the sexual health of lesbians and women who have sex with women (WSW) in Durban, South Africa. It interviewed 60 lesbians and WSW aged 15-35, with 75% Black African and 25% Indian/Asian. Many respondents had come out to friends and siblings but not parents. Reasons for not coming out varied and included fear of rejection. Health issues found included alcohol use by over 68% and drug use like marijuana. Rates of STIs and violence in relationships were low but underreporting was an issue. Access to sexual healthcare faced challenges like stigma and lack of lesbian-friendly services.
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Do you feel the assessment was an appropriate tool? If so, why, and how could it be beneficial? If not, what were the drawbacks of the assessments?
The Female Sexual Function Index comes out as an assessment tool which mainly focuses on women, therefore, accomplishing its intended purpose. Each of the 19 items tested by the series of questions in the questionnaire touches on the sexual experiences of women prior to, during, or before sexual intercourse making it an appropriate tool to measure the sexual functioning of women. This tool is beneficial for clinical diagnosis of female sexual dysfunction and can be used to identify signs and symptoms of female orgasmic disorder (FOD) and hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in women (Metson, 2003).
How? The series of questions focuses on six domains which are; desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain. Each of the questions is classified under either domain mainly focusing on the female experiences over time. For example, when it comes to desire, there are two questions which ask about the frequency of sexual desire in the past one month as well as the degree of sexual desire over the same time period. Thus, we can argue that each of the domains has been intensively investigated to come up with the most viable result to be used for the relevant clinical purposes. Besides this, the assessment tool is reliable and relevant since it can be used to indicate different variables in each of the tested domains. The different responses for every question have been assigned different scores which are consistent with the kind of feedback which is to be expected.
References
Cindy M. Metson, (2003). Validation of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) in Women with Female Orgasmic Disorder and in Women with Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2872178/
According to the CDC the HIV/AIDS reports, African-Americans are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS and disparity continues to widen. African Americans represent approximately 12% of the U.S. population, but they account for approximately 43% of HIV diagnoses. The African-Americans who die of HIV/Aids represents 44% of the deaths in the U.S. The worst hit category are the black women, the youths, gays and bisexual men. Dr. Donna Hubbard McCree (2013) notes that HIV/AIDS epidemics among the blacks results from factors including poverty, lack of awareness of HIV status, stigma that prevent the majority from seeking help, high rate of sexually transmitted infection, sexual networks, lack of access to adequate health care and lack sexual education among the most affected population.
Even though recent reports demonstrate encouraging trends of reducing HIV infections among the black population, new diagnoses still occur among the black gay and bisexual men. Therefore, even with continued intervention, disproportionate trends continue among the black population continue to be re.
Rape Victimization and High Risk Sexual Behaviors Longitudinal Stud.docx
Rape Victimization and High Risk Sexual Behaviors: Longitudinal Study of African-American Adolescent Females
Delia L. Lang, PhD, MPH,* Jessica M. Sales, PhD,* Laura F. Salazar, PhD,* James W. Hardin, PhD,†Ralph J. DiClemente, PhD,* Gina M. Wingood, ScD, MPH,* and Eve Rose, MSPH*
Author information ►Article notes ►Copyright and License information ►Disclaimer
This article has been cited by other articles in PMC.
Go to:
Go to:Abstract
Go to:
Go to:Objectives:
African-American women are affected by disproportionately high rates of violence and sexually transmitted infections (STI)/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. It is imperative to address the intersection of these two urgent public health issues, particularly as these affect African-American adolescent girls. This study assessed the prevalence of rape victimization (RV) among a sample of African-American adolescent females and examined the extent to which participants with a history of RV engage in STI/HIV associated risk behaviors over a 12-month time period.
Go to:
Go to:Methods:
Three hundred sixty-seven African-American adolescent females ages 15–21, seeking sexual health services at three local teenager-oriented community health agencies in an urban area of the Southeastern United States, participated in this study. Participants were asked to complete an audio computer-assisted self-interview (ACASI) at baseline, 6- and 12-month follow-up. We assessed sociodemographics, history of RV and sexual practices. At baseline, participants indicating they had experienced forced sex were classified as having a history of RV.
Go to:
Go to:Results:
Twenty-five percent of participants reported a history of RV at baseline. At 6- and 12-months, victims of RV had significantly lower proportions of condom-protected sex (p=.008), higher frequency of sex while intoxicated (p=.005), more inconsistent condom use (p=.008), less condom use at last sex (p=.017), and more sex partners (p=.0001) than non-RV victims. Over the 12-month follow-up period, of those who did not report RV at baseline, 9.5% reported that they too had experienced RV at some point during the 12-month time frame.
Go to:
Go to:Conclusion:
African-American adolescent females who experience RV are engaging in more risky sexual behaviors over time than non-RV girls, thereby placing themselves at higher risk for contracting STIs. In light of the results from this unique longitudinal study, we discuss considerations for policies and guidelines targeting healthcare, law enforcement and educational and community settings. The complexities of RV screening in healthcare settings are examined as is the need for tighter collaboration between healthcare providers and law enforcement. Finally, we consider the role of prevention and intervention programs in increasing awareness about RV as well as serving as an additional safe environment for screening and referral.
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Go to:INTRODUCTION
Due to jeopardized health of adult and adolescent w ...
Miriam Immunology Center Presentation
1) The study used latent class analysis to identify risk profiles among 348 men who have sex with men based on behavioral surveys.
2) Four groups were identified - a highest risk group, a high risk group, a moderate risk group, and a low risk group - based on behaviors like anonymous sex, condom use, number of partners, and drug use.
3) However, the study found no statistically significant associations between risk groups and HIV/STI status, likely due to small sample sizes and few HIV positive participants. More data is needed to determine which groups may benefit most from HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis.
End line report_ALLIANCE
The document summarizes a report on a project conducted by the International HIV/AIDS Alliance to address the feminization of HIV/AIDS in India. The project worked with 16 partner organizations across 5 Indian states to empower vulnerable women through community-driven approaches. Activities included forming support groups, conducting trainings and workshops, and raising awareness of HIV/AIDS, sexual and reproductive health, and legal rights. An evaluation found that the project increased women's knowledge, access to services, and the capacity of partner organizations to address the issue in a sustainable manner through community participation.
Symposium
This document summarizes research conducted in Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India on HIV/AIDS vulnerability among married women. The researcher interviewed local organizations and found that while reported HIV incidence was decreasing among traditional high-risk groups, the number of HIV positive married women was increasing significantly. All female survey respondents reported being infected by their husbands. The researcher's future research plans to examine married couples as a risk unit for HIV transmission, challenging assumptions that high-risk groups are only sex workers, drug users, and men who have sex with men.
Substance Abuse, Sexual Behaviors, HIV/STD/HCV Testing, and Prevention Servic...
Substance Abuse, Sexual Behaviors, HIV/STD/HCV Testing, and Prevention Servic...Texas Department of State Health Services
This document summarizes a study of substance abuse, sexual behaviors, HIV/STD/HCV testing, and prevention service utilization among injection drug users in Dallas, Texas from 2005-2006. The study used respondent-driven sampling to obtain prevalence estimates among 597 injection drug users. Key findings include: most participants had unprotected sex and used drugs or alcohol before sex, though few were tested recently for STDs; using substances before sex was linked to riskier behaviors but not prevention service use; and effective prevention strategies are still needed to promote safer behaviors.UNICEF-CSAAC
This document summarizes research on child sexual abuse across cultures. It begins by reviewing prevalence studies from around the world that show rates of child sexual abuse ranging from 7-36% for females and 3-29% for males. A few exceptions outside these ranges are noted from studies among Native Canadians, South Africans, and Malaysians. The document then provides a more detailed review of recent prevalence studies and report data on child sexual abuse in various world regions, including the Americas, Western Europe, Central and South America, Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and the Pacific. The goal is to broaden understanding of child sexual abuse beyond Western cultures and address this issue inclusively across all societies.
conferences.jbsinternational.com
The document discusses findings from the National Survey of American Life (NSAL) regarding mental health differences among racial and ethnic groups in the United States. It finds that while race is an important factor, there are also differences between ethnic groups like African Americans, Afro-Caribbeans, and whites. Immigrant status and ancestry were found to impact mental health outcomes for Afro-Caribbeans. The study also looked at multigenerational families and found mental health disparities are influenced by multiple social and biological factors over the life course, not any single cause.
Presentation at the CDC
This document summarizes a presentation on current issues in HIV research with transgender populations. It begins with definitions of key terms related to gender identity. It then discusses challenges in collecting data on transgender populations, such as which individuals should be counted. The presentation notes that transgender women face disproportionately high rates of HIV compared to other groups. Barriers to healthcare and gender affirmation for transgender women are discussed as drivers of HIV risk. Research gaps are identified, such as understanding HIV risk for transgender men and developing trans-inclusive PrEP implementation. The presentation concludes by emphasizing the importance of research to address HIV disparities among transgender individuals.
Burden of HIV and Research Gaps Among Key Populations in Sub-Saharan Africa
Key populations including sex workers, men who have sex with men, and people who inject drugs experience disproportionately high HIV burdens in sub-Saharan Africa due to various biological, behavioral, and structural factors. HIV prevalence among female sex workers ranges from 10.9% in Eastern Europe to 36.9% in sub-Saharan Africa, where sex workers are 12 times more likely to be infected than other women. Men who have sex with men also experience high HIV prevalence, though data remains limited in sub-Saharan Africa. Combination prevention approaches including behavioral, biomedical, and structural interventions are needed to address the outsized impact of HIV on key populations.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Migrant Workers’ Wives on HIVAIDS in Bang...
In Bangladesh, the targets under MDG-6 are to halt the spread of HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases by 2015 and reverse the spread of the diseases. The increasing trend of HIV/AIDS positively indicates that country is on the brink of a nationwide crisis. Mobility is a key structural factor that has been linked to increased HIV incidence and vulnerability globally. Bangladeshi migrant workers suffer problems found among other internal and international migrant groups including socioeconomic and power inequalities, limited social capital, loneliness, and coping with different cultural norms relating to sex. HIV transmission from international migrant workers who have returned and are HIV positive has been mostly restricted to their spouses, although the degree of spousal transmission and couples in which one person is HIV positive and putting the other at high risk has not been evaluated methodically in Bangladesh. Given the large numbers of people on the move, ensuring the rights and access to HIV prevention, treatment and care and support services for the wives of these migrant workers is a crucial component of an effective regional response to HIV. Therefore, it is important to analyze the knowledge, attitude and practice level of these groups of women. Therefore, the present study aims to analyze the knowledge, attitude and practice of wives of the emigrant workers of Bangladesh and factors that may influence their health decisions. Seven
(7) districts from seven (7) administrative divisions of the country were selected purposively as the study area. The study areas include Tangail (Dhaka division), Comilla (Chittagong division), Moulovibazar (Sylhet division), Meherpur (Khulna division), Dinajpur (Rangpur division), Barisal (Barisal division) and Serajganj (Rajshahi division). Women at their reproductive age from selected households of these seven districts, whose heads are/used to be a migrant worker, was the study subject. Respondents also include health service professionals from the study areas. The general knowledge/ perception, attitudes, and practices were assessed through qualitative study method while a quantitative socio economic survey was also done to attain information related to respondents’ age, education, income and expenditure. The tools include in-depth interview (II), focus group discussion (FGD) and key informant interview (KII). In total,
70 KIIs and 7 FGDs with 63 women participants were done while a short survey of the socioeconomic status of all 133 women was conducted through structured questionnaire.
ICOWHI IPV Poster_1
Domestic violence is a major public health issue in South Africa, but screening practices by healthcare practitioners are often discretionary and inconsistent. This study examined domestic violence screening among 49 doctors and nurses in Cape Town, finding that over half only screen when abuse is already indicated. While most feel screening is their responsibility, many lack training and face barriers like time constraints. The study demonstrates a need for standardized screening protocols and training to help healthcare practitioners properly address this important issue.
The prevalence, patterns of usage and people's attitude towards complementary...
The prevalence of CAM in Chatsworth is similar to findings in other parts of the
world. Although CAM was used to treat many different ailments, this practice could not be
attributed to any particular demographic profile. The majority of CAM users were satisfied with
the effects of CAM. Findings support a need for greater integration of allopathic medicine and
CAM, as well as improved communication between patients and caregivers regarding CAM usage.
Measuring Ethnic and Sexual Identities: Lessons from Two Studies in Central A...
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Women and HIV
The document discusses how HIV/AIDS disproportionately affects women and girls globally. It outlines that nearly half of all HIV cases worldwide are among women, and young women ages 15-24 are most at risk. Factors like gender inequality, lack of education, poverty, and violence against women increase women's vulnerability to infection. Effective prevention requires empowering women through education, access to healthcare and protection methods, and eliminating discrimination.
Sexual Networking, Sexual Practices and Level of Awareness among MSM on HIV/ ...
Sexual Networking, Sexual Practices and Level of Awareness among MSM on HIV/ ...International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
Filipinos getting infected with HIV-AIDS continued to balloon notwithstanding the intervention through comprehensive prevention, dissemination and control programs. In Eastern Visayas there were 69 cases coming from most risk population primarily Men Having Sex with Men (MSM) either homosexual, heterosexual and bisexual modes of transmissions. Bearing this epidemic, sexual networking, using the internet for sex served as cruising sites for casual sex and promiscuity maybe accounted for this surge. This study made use of descriptive cross sectional method with 214 active users from different social sites using time- location sampling through interviews, group discussions and questionnaires. Results showed that most of the respondents joined the site for sex and had an average of 1-5 different sexual intercourse for the past three months. Sexual practices were oral, anal and oral-anal. Respondents were aware on the different modes of transmission but fully unaware of existing services of the DOH and were willing to be screened for HIV.
Sex work and HIV incidence in South Africa: what do we know?
Presentation by Tshepo Molapo, at the National Sex Work Symposium, in the session 'What we know: evidence-based peer reviewed knowledge on sex work' (Boksburg, 22 August 2012).
Violence against Women living with HIV A Cross Sectional Study in Nepal
This study examined violence against women living with HIV in Nepal through interviews with 43 HIV-positive women. The study found that the vast majority (93%) of participants had experienced at least one form of violence, and prevalence of violence increased sharply after being diagnosed with HIV (93% vs 54% before diagnosis). Husbands and mothers-in-law were the most common perpetrators, and consequences included self-humiliation and health/treatment problems. This cross-sectional study suggests violence is highly prevalent among HIV-positive women in Nepal.
Howard Hughes Research Day
This document summarizes a study on incarcerated women and HIV risk. It describes the sample of 11 women incarcerated in Pulaski State Prison who completed a baseline survey. The survey collected data on substance use, sexual behaviors, mental health, and demographics. Descriptive analysis was performed on the data. Most participants engaged in substance use from a young age, with over 50% using marijuana and 75% using alcohol. Participants also exhibited risky sexual behaviors and low socioeconomic status, with less than half using condoms or attending HIV/AIDS classes. The study aims to include a total of 200 participants.
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Durban Centre
- 1. DURBAN LESBIAN & GAY COMMUNITY & HEALTH CENTRE (KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa)
- 4. Figure 2. Current Employment Status
- 11. Figure 6. During the past 6 months, how many people did you engage in sexual activities? By Population Group
- 12. Table 7. Proportions who answered ‘yes’ to ‘What kind of sexual activities do you engage in?’
- 13. Figure 7. To what extent are you at risk of acquiring/transmitting HIV or other STI?
- 17. Table 9. Proportions who think that each characteristic is ‘big problem’ or ‘moderate problem’ to having access to and receiving sexual health care and/or HIV and STI prevention services
- 18. Figure 8. Proportions that think that the following sources of information are important