The document discusses reengineering local governments towards good governance through decentralization and subsidiarity. It explores local democracy and accountability in local government. Key points of discussion include strengthening local democracy through assessing the relationship between local officials, legislators, and civil society. The nature and essential characteristics of local governments are also examined.
The country that matches the description is India. It is a federal republic with a parliamentary system, president as head of state, prime minister as head of government, and a bicameral legislature. Citizens age 18 and older can vote in the world's largest democracy.
The country that matches the second description is China. It has an authoritarian communist government, president as head of state, premier as head of government, unicameral legislature, and large communist party that supervises other parties. Men and women 18+ can vote but have little influence.
The third country described is Japan. It has a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system, prime minister as head of government, emperor as ceremonial figurehead, bicameral
Federalism and devolutiion in ethiopia finalQuincy Kiptoo
This document discusses federalism and ethnic diversity in Ethiopia. It notes that Ethiopia has 84 ethnic groups, with the Oromo and Amhara being the largest. While Ethiopia attempted cultural homogenization in the past, it transitioned to an ethnic federal system in the 1990s, establishing regional states along ethnic lines with self-governance powers. The 1995 constitution established this federal system and enshrined principles like ethnic self-determination, equality, and equity in development.
1. Ethnic federalism in Ethiopia has weakened interregional and interethnic cooperation by exploiting divisions among ethnic groups and using a "divide and rule" strategy. This has exacerbated conflicts.
2. The federal system is nominal, as top-down policy directions from the central government control lower level regional activities, challenging regional autonomy. Minority rights are often not protected.
3. Conflicts over resources, political power, and identity issues persist within and between regions. The ethnic federal structure has failed to solve conflicts and may have aggravated tensions in some cases.
The document discusses the differences between federal and unitary systems of government, with federalism involving a division of sovereignty between central and regional authorities. It analyzes proposals for shifting the Philippines from a unitary to a federal system, with various options suggested for dividing the country into federal states or regions based on geography, culture, language or economic viability. The motivation is to potentially boost economic development, decrease political violence, and improve governance through a more decentralized system of government.
This document discusses the key aspects of federalism in India. It defines federalism as a system of government where power is shared between a central government and other administrative units. In India, federalism involves three levels of government - central, state, and local. The document outlines India's federal structure, including the division of powers between levels of government. It also examines some of the historical challenges in implementing federalism in India's diverse context and how decentralization to local governments has strengthened democracy.
This document provides a comparative analysis of representation in the upper house, vertical separation of powers, and legitimacy of the federal legislator between the US and Ethiopian constitutions. It finds that representation in the Ethiopian House of Federation differs from the US Senate in terms of proportionality. It also notes differences in the scope of federal and state powers between the two countries that could undermine powers reserved for Ethiopian states. Additionally, it argues that the unicameral nature of Ethiopia's legislature makes it less legitimate than the bicameral US Congress in representing diversity. The analysis was conducted by Legesse Tigabu at Central European University in Budapest, Hungary.
1) Federalism in Pakistan has been unstable since its establishment due to an uneven distribution of powers between the central and provincial governments and periods of military rule that suspended the constitution.
2) The central government maintained a dominant role over the provinces against the spirit of federalism. It frequently intervened in provincial matters and dismissed provincial governments, weakening the provinces.
3) Military rule for nearly 25 years also disrupted democracy and federalism, with authoritarian central governments weakening provincial representation and participation. Consistent democracy is needed to stabilize federalism in Pakistan.
India has a federal republic system of government with a national government and state governments. Citizens elect state legislatures and the leader of the majority party in each state legislature is appointed governor by the president.
The country that matches the description is India. It is a federal republic with a parliamentary system, president as head of state, prime minister as head of government, and a bicameral legislature. Citizens age 18 and older can vote in the world's largest democracy.
The country that matches the second description is China. It has an authoritarian communist government, president as head of state, premier as head of government, unicameral legislature, and large communist party that supervises other parties. Men and women 18+ can vote but have little influence.
The third country described is Japan. It has a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system, prime minister as head of government, emperor as ceremonial figurehead, bicameral
Federalism and devolutiion in ethiopia finalQuincy Kiptoo
This document discusses federalism and ethnic diversity in Ethiopia. It notes that Ethiopia has 84 ethnic groups, with the Oromo and Amhara being the largest. While Ethiopia attempted cultural homogenization in the past, it transitioned to an ethnic federal system in the 1990s, establishing regional states along ethnic lines with self-governance powers. The 1995 constitution established this federal system and enshrined principles like ethnic self-determination, equality, and equity in development.
1. Ethnic federalism in Ethiopia has weakened interregional and interethnic cooperation by exploiting divisions among ethnic groups and using a "divide and rule" strategy. This has exacerbated conflicts.
2. The federal system is nominal, as top-down policy directions from the central government control lower level regional activities, challenging regional autonomy. Minority rights are often not protected.
3. Conflicts over resources, political power, and identity issues persist within and between regions. The ethnic federal structure has failed to solve conflicts and may have aggravated tensions in some cases.
The document discusses the differences between federal and unitary systems of government, with federalism involving a division of sovereignty between central and regional authorities. It analyzes proposals for shifting the Philippines from a unitary to a federal system, with various options suggested for dividing the country into federal states or regions based on geography, culture, language or economic viability. The motivation is to potentially boost economic development, decrease political violence, and improve governance through a more decentralized system of government.
This document discusses the key aspects of federalism in India. It defines federalism as a system of government where power is shared between a central government and other administrative units. In India, federalism involves three levels of government - central, state, and local. The document outlines India's federal structure, including the division of powers between levels of government. It also examines some of the historical challenges in implementing federalism in India's diverse context and how decentralization to local governments has strengthened democracy.
This document provides a comparative analysis of representation in the upper house, vertical separation of powers, and legitimacy of the federal legislator between the US and Ethiopian constitutions. It finds that representation in the Ethiopian House of Federation differs from the US Senate in terms of proportionality. It also notes differences in the scope of federal and state powers between the two countries that could undermine powers reserved for Ethiopian states. Additionally, it argues that the unicameral nature of Ethiopia's legislature makes it less legitimate than the bicameral US Congress in representing diversity. The analysis was conducted by Legesse Tigabu at Central European University in Budapest, Hungary.
1) Federalism in Pakistan has been unstable since its establishment due to an uneven distribution of powers between the central and provincial governments and periods of military rule that suspended the constitution.
2) The central government maintained a dominant role over the provinces against the spirit of federalism. It frequently intervened in provincial matters and dismissed provincial governments, weakening the provinces.
3) Military rule for nearly 25 years also disrupted democracy and federalism, with authoritarian central governments weakening provincial representation and participation. Consistent democracy is needed to stabilize federalism in Pakistan.
India has a federal republic system of government with a national government and state governments. Citizens elect state legislatures and the leader of the majority party in each state legislature is appointed governor by the president.
The document provides an overview of the concept of federalism. It explains that federalism is a system of government where power is shared between a central national government and sub-divisional state governments. It discusses how the US system of federalism was chosen over other alternatives like a unitary or confederation system. It also outlines the various powers held by the national and state governments, and how the federal government has expanded its powers over time through the courts and use of grants with conditions.
Power sharing is a key principle of democracy where power is distributed between different levels and groups to prevent concentration in one place. In Sri Lanka after independence, majoritarian policies favored the Sinhalese majority, making Sinhala the sole official language and preferring Sinhalese for jobs and universities. This caused conflict with the Tamil minority and a civil war eventually broke out as Tamil groups demanded an independent state in the north and east.
This document discusses the theory and practice of federalism. It begins by defining a federal state as one where power is divided between central and regional governments according to a written constitution. The main advantages of federalism include increased efficiency, experimentation, political and cultural empowerment. Challenges include potential inefficiency and risk of oppression of minorities. The document then examines Myanmar's experience with federalism, including past conferences and constitutions. It outlines the sectors of governance divided between central and regional authorities in the 2008 constitution.
Federalism is a system of government where power is divided between a central authority and constituent units. In India, power is divided between the central government and state governments. The constitution outlines three lists that distribute legislative powers - the Union List, State List, and Concurrent List. Local governments were later established as a third tier to further decentralize power and governance. Rural local governments are called panchayati raj systems while urban areas have municipalities and municipal corporations.
Federalism is a system of government where power is shared between a central authority and constituent units, such as states or provinces. In India, power is shared between the central government and state governments. There are three lists that divide powers - the Union List for national powers, the State List for local powers, and the Concurrent List for shared powers. India has strengthened federalism through the creation of linguistic states, a language policy that promotes diversity, cooperative center-state relations, and decentralization with local governments having more powers and representation of marginalized groups.
Power sharing is a technique used in democracies to distribute power between different entities to prevent concentration of power in one place and allow for checks and balances. In Sri Lanka after independence, a series of majoritarian policies established Sinhalese supremacy over Tamils, including making Sinhala the only official language. This caused conflicts and distrust between Sinhalese and Tamil communities, eventually leading to a civil war as Tamil groups demanded an independent state in the north and east of the country.
Power sharing involves distributing authority and responsibility across multiple individuals or groups. It occurs in families, where parents share power with children; in classrooms, where teachers share authority with students; and in governments, where power is divided between different branches and levels. Power sharing is considered important in democracies to allow participation and prevent majority tyranny. However, critics argue that it can weaken a system and increase the potential for conflicts between groups.
The document discusses the differences between a unitary and federal system of government and argues for adopting a federal system in the Philippines. Under a unitary system, all power is centralized in the national government, while a federal system divides and shares power between a central federal government and regional state governments. A federal system promises better democracy by empowering local communities, good governance through participatory and accountable processes, and governance that respects cultural diversity by giving autonomy to regional cultures. The key to successful federalism is finding the proper balance and coordination of powers between the federal and state authorities.
Federalism is a system of government where power is shared between a central authority and constituent political units. Key features include multiple levels of government that govern the same citizens but have distinct areas of jurisdiction, clearly defined revenue sources for each level, and a constitutionally guaranteed division of authority that can only be amended by consent of both levels of government. India has a federal system with legislative powers divided between the central and state governments across three lists: the Union List, State List, and Concurrent List. Decentralization further devolves power to local authorities.
Power sharing is a technique used to reduce conflict by giving all social groups a share in government administration and decision making. Belgium uses power sharing by giving equal representation to Dutch and French speaking ministers and establishing separate community governments for language, education, and culture issues. Power sharing is desirable for both prudential and moral reasons - it reduces violence, ensures national unity, and is in line with democratic principles.
Power Sharing in Sri Lanka and Belgium Class 10 CivicsAyush Kalme
The document discusses power sharing in Sri Lanka and Belgium. It notes that Sri Lanka followed majoritarian policies that favored the Sinhala community, denying equal rights and opportunities to Tamils. This led to civil war. Belgium adopted various forms of vertical power sharing, including equal representation of Dutch and French communities in government. Constitutional amendments ensured no single community could make unilateral decisions. Power was also decentralized to state governments. This accommodated both communities and prevented conflict. The document advocates Sri Lanka adopt similar power sharing methods as Belgium to resolve ethnic tensions.
The document compares power sharing arrangements in Belgium and Sri Lanka. Belgium adopted a power sharing system that gave equal representation and rights to its Dutch and French communities. This resolved tensions between the groups. In contrast, Sri Lanka's system favored the Sinhalese majority, denying equal rights and representation to Tamils and sparking a long civil war. Effective power sharing that accommodates all communities, as in Belgium, can promote political stability over alternatives like Sri Lanka's majoritarian approach.
Democratic Politics Chapter I for grade 10 i hope it is going to be more interesting and easier for the students to learn and revise. I hope students of CBSE schools will benefit across the globe.
Government and Political System in AsiaCarlo Pahati
The passage discusses the importance placed on education by Asian cultures. It notes that in ancient China, aspiring officials had to pass civil service exams testing their knowledge of Confucian classics. Today, China maintains a strong public education system available to all citizens, which the government uses to maintain the existing social system. The passage also describes how education is highly valued in Japan, South Korea, Singapore and other Asian nations due to its role in developing skilled workers and strengthening the economy.
Hey Guys!!! I present you a presentation on 'Power Sharing Class 10' from the NCERT Democratic Politics book.
Hope you all like it!!
Don't forget to like!!
This document discusses federalism and decentralization in India. It defines federalism as a system of government where power is divided between a central authority and constituent units. India practices federalism through its three-tier structure of government with power shared between the central, state, and local governments. While India started as a "holding together" federation with an initially stronger center, power sharing has increased over time through the formation of new states along linguistic lines, the three-fold division of legislative powers, and recognition of regional political parties. Decentralization to local governments through the Panchayati Raj system aims to solve problems at the local level through increased participation and delegation of powers, though challenges remain in fully implementing this framework.
- Federalism refers to a system of government where power is shared between a central authority and constituent units, such as states or provinces.
- India adopted a federal system after independence in 1947, with power shared between the central and state governments.
- Key features of federalism in India include three lists that distribute legislative powers, the ability of states to have their own official languages and governments, and a Supreme Court that acts as an arbiter between levels of government.
- Decentralization to local village and municipal governments has further strengthened grassroots democracy and federalism in India since 1992 constitutional amendments.
this ppt describes different froms of government based on power and authority distribution, the merits and demerits of each form of government are also given. for further educative ppt do comment and if time allow i will surely help you in making your ppt.
The document provides an overview of the presidencial or presidential form of government. It discusses key characteristics such as the separation of powers between the executive and legislative branches, with the president as the head of state elected separately from the legislature for a fixed term. The presidential system evolved in the late 18th century in countries of the New and Old Worlds, with the US and France among the earliest to adopt this model. The document also compares the presidential system with the parliamentary system and semi-presidential system.
The parliamentary system is a form of government where the legislature or parliament is the supreme body, and the executive branch derives its power from and is accountable to the legislature. Key features include a stable majority government, collective and individual ministerial responsibility, the prime minister as the leader of the government, and mutual toleration between political parties. While it has advantages like cooperation between the parliament and cabinet and responsiveness to public opinion, it also has potential drawbacks like cabinet dictatorship, unstable governments without a majority, and difficulty forming governments in multiparty systems. Overall, parliamentary government is considered better than other systems because the cabinet must maintain the support of parliament.
The document provides an overview of the concept of federalism. It explains that federalism is a system of government where power is shared between a central national government and sub-divisional state governments. It discusses how the US system of federalism was chosen over other alternatives like a unitary or confederation system. It also outlines the various powers held by the national and state governments, and how the federal government has expanded its powers over time through the courts and use of grants with conditions.
Power sharing is a key principle of democracy where power is distributed between different levels and groups to prevent concentration in one place. In Sri Lanka after independence, majoritarian policies favored the Sinhalese majority, making Sinhala the sole official language and preferring Sinhalese for jobs and universities. This caused conflict with the Tamil minority and a civil war eventually broke out as Tamil groups demanded an independent state in the north and east.
This document discusses the theory and practice of federalism. It begins by defining a federal state as one where power is divided between central and regional governments according to a written constitution. The main advantages of federalism include increased efficiency, experimentation, political and cultural empowerment. Challenges include potential inefficiency and risk of oppression of minorities. The document then examines Myanmar's experience with federalism, including past conferences and constitutions. It outlines the sectors of governance divided between central and regional authorities in the 2008 constitution.
Federalism is a system of government where power is divided between a central authority and constituent units. In India, power is divided between the central government and state governments. The constitution outlines three lists that distribute legislative powers - the Union List, State List, and Concurrent List. Local governments were later established as a third tier to further decentralize power and governance. Rural local governments are called panchayati raj systems while urban areas have municipalities and municipal corporations.
Federalism is a system of government where power is shared between a central authority and constituent units, such as states or provinces. In India, power is shared between the central government and state governments. There are three lists that divide powers - the Union List for national powers, the State List for local powers, and the Concurrent List for shared powers. India has strengthened federalism through the creation of linguistic states, a language policy that promotes diversity, cooperative center-state relations, and decentralization with local governments having more powers and representation of marginalized groups.
Power sharing is a technique used in democracies to distribute power between different entities to prevent concentration of power in one place and allow for checks and balances. In Sri Lanka after independence, a series of majoritarian policies established Sinhalese supremacy over Tamils, including making Sinhala the only official language. This caused conflicts and distrust between Sinhalese and Tamil communities, eventually leading to a civil war as Tamil groups demanded an independent state in the north and east of the country.
Power sharing involves distributing authority and responsibility across multiple individuals or groups. It occurs in families, where parents share power with children; in classrooms, where teachers share authority with students; and in governments, where power is divided between different branches and levels. Power sharing is considered important in democracies to allow participation and prevent majority tyranny. However, critics argue that it can weaken a system and increase the potential for conflicts between groups.
The document discusses the differences between a unitary and federal system of government and argues for adopting a federal system in the Philippines. Under a unitary system, all power is centralized in the national government, while a federal system divides and shares power between a central federal government and regional state governments. A federal system promises better democracy by empowering local communities, good governance through participatory and accountable processes, and governance that respects cultural diversity by giving autonomy to regional cultures. The key to successful federalism is finding the proper balance and coordination of powers between the federal and state authorities.
Federalism is a system of government where power is shared between a central authority and constituent political units. Key features include multiple levels of government that govern the same citizens but have distinct areas of jurisdiction, clearly defined revenue sources for each level, and a constitutionally guaranteed division of authority that can only be amended by consent of both levels of government. India has a federal system with legislative powers divided between the central and state governments across three lists: the Union List, State List, and Concurrent List. Decentralization further devolves power to local authorities.
Power sharing is a technique used to reduce conflict by giving all social groups a share in government administration and decision making. Belgium uses power sharing by giving equal representation to Dutch and French speaking ministers and establishing separate community governments for language, education, and culture issues. Power sharing is desirable for both prudential and moral reasons - it reduces violence, ensures national unity, and is in line with democratic principles.
Power Sharing in Sri Lanka and Belgium Class 10 CivicsAyush Kalme
The document discusses power sharing in Sri Lanka and Belgium. It notes that Sri Lanka followed majoritarian policies that favored the Sinhala community, denying equal rights and opportunities to Tamils. This led to civil war. Belgium adopted various forms of vertical power sharing, including equal representation of Dutch and French communities in government. Constitutional amendments ensured no single community could make unilateral decisions. Power was also decentralized to state governments. This accommodated both communities and prevented conflict. The document advocates Sri Lanka adopt similar power sharing methods as Belgium to resolve ethnic tensions.
The document compares power sharing arrangements in Belgium and Sri Lanka. Belgium adopted a power sharing system that gave equal representation and rights to its Dutch and French communities. This resolved tensions between the groups. In contrast, Sri Lanka's system favored the Sinhalese majority, denying equal rights and representation to Tamils and sparking a long civil war. Effective power sharing that accommodates all communities, as in Belgium, can promote political stability over alternatives like Sri Lanka's majoritarian approach.
Democratic Politics Chapter I for grade 10 i hope it is going to be more interesting and easier for the students to learn and revise. I hope students of CBSE schools will benefit across the globe.
Government and Political System in AsiaCarlo Pahati
The passage discusses the importance placed on education by Asian cultures. It notes that in ancient China, aspiring officials had to pass civil service exams testing their knowledge of Confucian classics. Today, China maintains a strong public education system available to all citizens, which the government uses to maintain the existing social system. The passage also describes how education is highly valued in Japan, South Korea, Singapore and other Asian nations due to its role in developing skilled workers and strengthening the economy.
Hey Guys!!! I present you a presentation on 'Power Sharing Class 10' from the NCERT Democratic Politics book.
Hope you all like it!!
Don't forget to like!!
This document discusses federalism and decentralization in India. It defines federalism as a system of government where power is divided between a central authority and constituent units. India practices federalism through its three-tier structure of government with power shared between the central, state, and local governments. While India started as a "holding together" federation with an initially stronger center, power sharing has increased over time through the formation of new states along linguistic lines, the three-fold division of legislative powers, and recognition of regional political parties. Decentralization to local governments through the Panchayati Raj system aims to solve problems at the local level through increased participation and delegation of powers, though challenges remain in fully implementing this framework.
- Federalism refers to a system of government where power is shared between a central authority and constituent units, such as states or provinces.
- India adopted a federal system after independence in 1947, with power shared between the central and state governments.
- Key features of federalism in India include three lists that distribute legislative powers, the ability of states to have their own official languages and governments, and a Supreme Court that acts as an arbiter between levels of government.
- Decentralization to local village and municipal governments has further strengthened grassroots democracy and federalism in India since 1992 constitutional amendments.
this ppt describes different froms of government based on power and authority distribution, the merits and demerits of each form of government are also given. for further educative ppt do comment and if time allow i will surely help you in making your ppt.
The document provides an overview of the presidencial or presidential form of government. It discusses key characteristics such as the separation of powers between the executive and legislative branches, with the president as the head of state elected separately from the legislature for a fixed term. The presidential system evolved in the late 18th century in countries of the New and Old Worlds, with the US and France among the earliest to adopt this model. The document also compares the presidential system with the parliamentary system and semi-presidential system.
The parliamentary system is a form of government where the legislature or parliament is the supreme body, and the executive branch derives its power from and is accountable to the legislature. Key features include a stable majority government, collective and individual ministerial responsibility, the prime minister as the leader of the government, and mutual toleration between political parties. While it has advantages like cooperation between the parliament and cabinet and responsiveness to public opinion, it also has potential drawbacks like cabinet dictatorship, unstable governments without a majority, and difficulty forming governments in multiparty systems. Overall, parliamentary government is considered better than other systems because the cabinet must maintain the support of parliament.
Lesson 3 - State, Nation, and the Government.pptxKIPAIZAGABAWA1
A nation is defined as a group of people united by common language, history, and culture, while a state is a political community defined by political obligations to a government. The Philippines is considered a state as it has a defined territory, population, sovereignty, and government. States can be classified as effective, weak, or failed based on the government's control over its territory and ability to provide security, enforce laws, and curb corruption. The Philippine government has a democratic, presidential, and unitary form - it is led by a president as head of state and executive, has separation of powers, and a centralized national government superior to local authorities.
Unit+2+ss7 cg4abc+ss7cg5a governments in the middle eastklgriffin
The document describes three forms of government - parliamentary democracy, monarchy, and theocracy - and provides examples in Israel, Saudi Arabia, and Iran.
Israel has a parliamentary democracy with a prime minister selected by the legislative branch and citizens voting for parliament members. Saudi Arabia is a monarchy where the king inherits the role and citizens have limited voting rights. Iran is a theocratic democracy where citizens elect the president but religious leaders appoint the Ayatollah who wields significant influence.
PRESIDENTIAL SYSTEM
Presidential system of government is a government system in which the Executive and Legislature (Parliament) has a equal position. Both these bodies are equally elected by the people, so that the Executive Board is not responsible to the Legislature.
State Sovereignty separated (Separation of Power) into the three pillars of power. This division is known as the "Trias Politica" popularized by Montesquieu. The division in the form of Executive Power (President and His servant), Legislative Powers (DPR and Parliament), Judicial Power (Judiciary).
PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM
Parliamentary system is a system of government in which parliament has an important role in the government. In this case the parliament has the power to lift the prime minister and the parliament was able to bring down the government, by way of issuing a sort of no-confidence motion. Chief executive (head of government) is in the hands of a prime minister to the State As (head of state) is located on a queen, king or sultan,
MIX GOVERNMENT SYSTEM
System in this government matters taken the best of presidential system of government parliament and government system. have other than the president as head of state, also have the prime minister as head of government.
There are several different forms of government discussed in the document. A theocracy is a system where priests rule in the name of a god or religion. Absolute monarchy is a form where a single monarch holds supreme power without legal restrictions. Parliamentary systems have the real executive power vested in a cabinet from the legislature. Constitutional monarchies have a ceremonial monarch as head of state while real political power rests with an elected head of government.
1 1,2 principles of government power point version 2jpaone76
This document defines key concepts related to government including the purposes of government, major forms of government, and basic political concepts. It discusses unitary, federal, and confederation forms of government as well as presidential and parliamentary systems. It also defines democracy, direct democracy, and representative democracy. Other concepts covered include sovereignty, dictatorship, compromise, and anarchy.
1) Parliamentary government involves both a parliament and a government working together to pass laws, though they are separate institutions. The government develops and proposes laws while parliament examines the government's work, debates laws, and approves taxes.
2) Countries like England use a parliamentary system where citizens vote for political parties and the leader of the winning party becomes prime minister. England has a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as head of state and a prime minister as head of government.
3) In England, the lawmaking body is Parliament which includes the House of Commons, House of Lords, and monarch. The House of Commons introduces most bills and the House of Lords reviews and amends bills. Local courts handle less
The document provides an overview of French political economy, including its history, government structure, and economic policies. It summarizes that France has a hybrid presidential-parliamentary republican government with a strong civil service. It also discusses France's tradition of statism in managing its economy through Keynesian policies and welfare programs, though it has shifted in recent decades toward more market-driven policies and reforms.
The UK government has significant power and resources at its disposal but is subject to various checks and balances. Key checks include devolution of powers to Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland; the House of Lords ability to challenge legislation; public opinion and dissent expressed through protests and strikes; influence of interest groups, media, and social and policy networks; the UK's membership in the EU which can override domestic law; and dependence on maintaining electoral support. Ultimately no government has total power in the UK system and are constrained by these internal and external forces.
The document discusses different forms of government and their characteristics. It describes monarchy, democracy, unitary and federal systems of government. It also discusses presidential and parliamentary forms of government. The key duties of government include maintaining peace and order, protecting people and property, and promoting citizens' well-being. Approaches to the general welfare include laissez-faire, socialist, and welfare state models.
The document compares and contrasts the democratic systems of the United Kingdom and United States. In the UK model, members of parliament are elected to represent constituencies, and the party with the most seats forms the government led by the prime minister. It has a two-house parliament. The US system elects a president separately from Congress, which is made up of the Senate and House of Representatives. The president then selects their cabinet. Both systems have separation of powers including an independent judiciary.
The document provides questions about different forms of government. It asks about the purpose, form of government, and currency of the EU. It also asks about characteristics that describe oligarchy, parliamentary systems, constitutional monarchies, and representative democracies with divided legislatures.
The document provides information about the parliamentary systems and forms of government in the United Kingdom, Germany, and Russia.
The United Kingdom has a unitary system with a parliamentary democracy. Power is held by Parliament, composed of the House of Lords and House of Commons. The Prime Minister is elected from the House of Commons and heads the government, while the monarch is the ceremonial head of state.
Germany has a federal system with a parliamentary democracy. Power is shared between the central government and 16 state governments. The legislature is composed of the Bundestag, elected by citizens, and Bundesrat, representing state governments. The Chancellor, elected by the Bundestag, is the head of government.
Russia has a
Britain has a unitary system of government led by a prime minister and cabinet. The prime minister is the head of government and selects cabinet members from parliament. Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland have devolved powers and their own subnational governments and judicial systems. The UK parliament is bicameral, consisting of the elected House of Commons and unelected House of Lords. Bills are introduced and passed through readings in both houses. The Queen provides final approval to bills, but holds little other power. Elections employ a single-member district system that can promote polarization between the dominant Labour and Conservative parties.
All of that is based on what I've learned in my past school year. And credits to the owner of the background picture. It's not easy to make that. And I want to comment your suggestion.
Comparing european governments united kingdom russia germanyklgriffin
The document compares and contrasts the parliamentary systems of the United Kingdom, Germany, and Russia. The UK has a parliamentary democracy with the Prime Minister as head of government who is elected by the majority party in the House of Commons. Germany's system is similar but power is shared federally between the central government and 16 states. Russia has a federal system and a presidential democracy where the President is directly elected by citizens and has significant power over the legislature.
The document summarizes the key differences between presidential and parliamentary forms of government. In a presidential system, the president is elected directly by the people and is separate from the legislature. This can lead to rigidity and deadlocks between the branches. In a parliamentary system, the prime minister is selected from the legislature and the executive must maintain the support of the legislative body, creating flexibility but also potential instability. Both systems have advantages and disadvantages regarding the separation of powers and the influence of political parties.
Similar to DUMAUG: RE-ENGINEERING LOCAL GOVERNMENT (20)
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17Celine George
In this presentation, we will explore how barcodes can be leveraged within Odoo 17 to streamline our manufacturing processes. We will cover the configuration steps, how to utilize barcodes in different manufacturing scenarios, and the overall benefits of implementing this technology.
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
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3. To put the world right in
order, we must first put the
nation in order; to put the
nation in order, we must
first put the family in order;
to put the family in order,
we must first cultivate our
personal life; we must first
set our hearts right.
Confucius
5. SUBSIDIARITY
Decentralization
regardless of ideology or
political theory
Federalism
as a type of Government
Autonomy
a political program in a
centralized government
6. SUBSIDIARITY
CONVICTION ON
HUMAN DIGNITY
HUMAN PERSON IS
NATURALLY SOCIAL
ORIENTED TOWARDS
FREEDOM
11. How do we value
democracy, human
dignity and To what extent do you
accountability in the agree that reengineering
Local Government? means strengthening
local democracy?
TALKING POINTS
12. How are we going to
assess the relationship of
the LGU Officials, its
legislative district
representative and the
civil society or the NGO in
terms of promoting
democracy, transparency
and accountability in the
local government
particularly in the area of
curbing graft and
corruption and solving the
hardening poverty?
TALKING POINTS
13. Local government units
are the creation and a
mechanism of the central
government but, because Are local democracies
of local autonomy, is not equal among the local
subservient. To what government unit all
extent do you agree? over the country?
TALKING POINTS
18. Easton and Almond‟s GENERAL SYSTEMS THEORY: A
political system has subsystems part of the entire
system with assigned functions and enabling
empowerment, resources, authority, etc. to perform
and carry out their responsibilities optimally
25. TYPE OF GOVERNMENT LEADERS
STATE As Between the As Between National
As to Persons Ruling Head of State Head of Government
Executive & Legislative and Local
Luxembourg Democratic Constitutional Monarchy Parliamentary District King Prime Minister
Norway Democratic Constitutional Monarchy Parliamentary Unitary King Prime Minister
Switzerland Democratic Republican Parliamentary Federal Federal Council President
Qatar Monarchy Absolute Monarchy Emirate Unitary Emir Emir
Denmark Democratic Constitutional Monarchy Parliamentary Unitary Queen Prime Minister
Ireland Democratic Republican Parliamentary Counties President Prime Minister
Netherlands Democratic Constitutional Monarchy Parliamentary Administrative Regions Queen Prime Minister
United States Democratic Republican Presidential Federal President President
Austria Democratic Republican Parliamentary Federal President Chancellor
United Arab Emirates Monarchy Absolute Monarchy Presidential Federal President Prime Minister
Australia Democratic Constitutional Monarchy Parliamentary Federal Queen Prime Minister
Finland Democratic Republican Parliamentary Municipalities President Prime Minister
Belgium Democratic Constitutional Monarchy Parliamentary Federal King Prime Minister
Sweden Democratic Constitutional Monarchy Parliamentary Unitary King Prime Minister
France Democratic Republican Semi-Presidential Unitary President President/Prime Minister
Germany Democratic Republican Parliamentary Federal President Chancellor
Japan Democratic Constitutional Monarchy Parliamentary Unitary Emperor Prime Minister
Canada Democratic Constitutional Monarchy Parliamentary Federal Queen Prime Minister
Iceland Democratic Republican Parliamentary Unitary President Prime Minister
Singapore Democratic Republican Parliamentary Unitary President President/Prime Minister
United Kingdom Democratic Constitutional Monarchy Parliamentary Unitary Queen Prime Minister
Spain Democratic Constitutional Monarchy Parliamentary Autonomous Regions King Prime Minister
Italy Democratic Republican Parliamentary Regionalised Unitary President Prime Minister
Russia Democratic Republican Parliamentary Federal President President/Prime Minister
26.
27. 10 YARDSTICKS OF FEDERALISM
1 2 3 4 5
Exclusive Immunity Independence Amending Indestructible
Control Against of Central the Identity
on Foreign Secession Authority Federal and
Relations Constitution Autonomy
6 7 8 9 10
Bicameralism Residual Two Sets Supreme Clear
and Equal and of Court Division of
Representation Significant Courts Power
of Unequal States Powers
28. 1 Elastic Clause
2 Federal Supervision
3 Insure Democratic & Republican System
4 Emergency Powers
5 War & Foreign Policy
6 Concurrent Powers
7 Dependence of the Central Authority on the State
A Economic and Social Imperatives
B Population shift
C External Pressures
D Political cultures and Political parties
31. INTERNATIONAL UNION OF
LOCAL AUTHORITIES
IULA founded in 1913 in Belgium.
Organization of international congresses for
Inter-municipal relations and study.
Consultative status, category B, of Economic
and Social council of UN and maintains
permanent contacts with UNESCO and WHO.
32. 1. Anglo-Saxon Group
2. Central and Northwest Group
3. East Europe Group
4. South Europe Group
5. West Asia and North Africa Group
6. South Asia and East Africa Group
7. East Asia Group – Thailand, Philippines and Japan
IULA‟s CLASSIFICATION OF LOCAL
GOVERNMENT SYSTEM
33. BASIC TYPES OF LG SYSTEM*
FRENCH ENGLISH SOVIET TRADITIONAL
MODEL MODEL MODEL MODEL
*Harold Alderfer
37. TIERS OF PHILIPPINE
LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS
REGIONS LEGISLATIVE DISTRICTS
PROVINCES CITIES
CITIES MUNICIPALITIES
BARANGAYS BARANGAYS BARANGAYS
38. FUNCTIONS OF LGs
1. For a stable democratic political
environment ;
2. Partner for regional and national
development;
3. Vested rights for a fair share of financial
resources;
4. Shared responsibility in the management of
the country‟s human resources;
5. Principle of check and balances with the
central government.;
6. Avenue for the flow of accurate information ;
7. Guarantee of people‟s participation;
8. Ensure political and social harmony;
9. Ability to influence the central government
in changing legislations;
10.Accountability to the Central Government.;
11.Local Government Units openness to
innovations;
42. FISCAL PUBLIC POLITICAL
FEDERALISM ADMINISTRATION SCIENCE
COMMON THEORIES USED IN
UNDERSTANDING DECENTRALIZATION
43. FISCAL FEDERALISM
“Fiscal federalism theories dealing with
decentralization focus on maximizing social welfare,
which is portrayed as a combination of economic
stability, allocative efficiency, and distributive equity.
The precise combination and importance attached to
each goal depends on the context, but the challenge
of decentralization is essentially to locate resources
at the level of government that optimizes social
welfare”
(Musgrave 1958: 132-33, 175-178).
44. FISCAL FEDERALISM
1. DETERMINE TO WHICH EACH LEVEL OF GOVT. HAS
FISCAL IMPACT.
2. IF RESOURCES HAVE BEEN CEDED TO SUBNATIONAL
UNITS, THEN CENTRAL GOVTS. HAVE, TO ONE DEGREE OR
ANOTHER, LESS FISCAL IMPACT.
3. BEST INDICATOR FOR THE LEVEL OF FISCAL
CENTRALIZATION OR DECENTRALIZATION IS THE SHARE
OF THE SUBNATIONAL EXPENDITURES AND REVENUES.
45. Comparative Philippine and China Central and
Local Government Share in Revenue and
The Philippines China
Expenditure
(2007; in Million (2004 ; 100M
ITEM Pesos) Yuan)
Central* Local** Central Local
Revenue 1,096,875 234,760 14,503 11,893
% to Total 82.37% 17.63% 54.90% 45.10%
Expenditure 1,029,377 194,736 7,894 20,592
% to Total 84.09% 15.91% 27.70% 72.30%
* Net of IRA of P146,591.95 million
** Inclusive of IRA of P146,591.95 million
Sources: Philippine Commission on Audit 2007 Financial
Reports; National Bureau of Statistics of China
46. Philippine Central and Local
Government Revenue Breakdown
*Central-Net of IRA
Source: Philippine Commission on Audit 2007 Financial Reports
ITEM Central Local
Total Revenue 82.37% 17.63%
Tax Revenue* 93.08% 6.92%
General Income
Permits and Licenses 77.03% 22.97%
Service Income 94.24% 5.76%
Business Income 68.65% 31.35%
Income 94.65% 5.35%
Gain on ForEx 100.00% 0.00%
47. United States : Sources of State Revenue
Percentage
Source
(US Average)
General Sales Tax 23.5%
Selective Sales Tax 10.9%
Property Taxes 30.1%
License and Other Fees 8.2%
Corporate Income
4.7%
Taxes
Individual Income Taxes 22.6%
Source: Tax Foundation Report : stateline.org
48. Central
Central Government
Local Government By
Total Income * Government Expenditure %
Region
*Inclusive of IRA Expenditure to LG Total
Source: Figures are from the Philippine
Commission on Audit 2007 Financial Reports Income
Grand Total 234,642,572.58 762,534,007.59 324.98%
National Capital Region 46,778,401.48 560,070,716.35 1197.28%
Region 1 11,410,059.53 14,371,248.27 125.95%
CAR 6,223,710.33 7,499,513.73 120.50%
Region 2 9,160,569.36 10,132,758.94 110.61%
Region 3 20,888,920.59 21,590,013.29 103.36%
Region 4 35,866,590.31 27,646,932.60 77.08%
Region 5 10,993,973.34 15,101,341.54 137.36%
Region 6 16,679,840.96 18,419,954.59 110.43%
Region 7 15,555,455.12 14,027,680.75 90.18%
Region 8 8,687,321.73 98,317,599.17 1131.74%
Region 9 7,781,531.08 9,821,773.23 126.22%
Region 10 11,300,406.23 11,512,490.21 101.88%
Region 11 10,170,596.06 10,980,183.03 107.96%
Region 12 8,285,249.49 8,623,777.18 104.09%
Region 13 7,545,245.07 7,146,537.05 94.72%
ARMM 7,354,701.68 8,753,883.18 119.02%
50. DECENTRALIZATION
Decentralization
involves the
shifting of fiscal,
political and
administrative
responsibilities
from higher to
lower levels of
government.
(Jamie Boex and Sirdar Yilmaz: 2010)
51. DEVOLUTION DELEGATION DECONCENTRATION
Where the central
government transfers Transfers policy Central government
authority for decision responsibility to local that disperses
making, finance and governments responsibility for a
management to local or semiautonomous policy to its field
governments with organizations that are offices. This transfer
legally recognized not controlled by the changes the spatial
jurisdictions over central and geographical
which they exercise government but distribution of
authority. Central govt remain accountable to authority, but does not
allows autonomous it. significantly change
local units of govt to the autonomy of the
exercise power and entity that receives the
control over the authority.
transferred policy.
52. DEVOLUTION DELEGATION DECONCENTRATION
Devolution Delegation Deconcentration
involves an involves a involves a
bureaucratic,
arm‟s-length contractual hierarchical
relationship relationship. relationship
53. DEVOLUTION DELEGATION DECONCENTRATION
Taxes Grants & Discretionary
transfer of funds
Loans
54. POLITICAL DECENTRALIZATION
Political science theories dealing with
decentralization focus on
MOBILIZATION, ORGANIZATION,
ARTICULATION, PARTICIPATION,
CONTESTATION, and AGGREGATION
of interests.
(Fox and Aranda 1996).
55. The best way to summarize these
functions might be in terms of
representation.
“map the multiplicity of citizen
interests onto policy decisions”
(Litvack et al. 2000: 6).
57. fuedalism =
fused model
nation states =
dual model
58. Fused, Centralized System Dual Autonomous System
1. One, indivisible public authority Two spheres: central and local
2. Strict standards for actions of local Legal context established by framework laws,
authorities, very detailed regulation provided local policy formed by local laws adopted by
by laws. local council
All local powers are coming from council
3. Local council has supervising role over
which is delegated to local administration;
administration or has to adopt laws/ decisions
extensive comperence of council in local
of central government to local needs
leglislation.
Administrative intervention by the National
4. Direct administrative intervention and ex Government is prohibited, only court decision
ante control of the central government to estabilish the legality of local decisions/
actions
Considerable autonomy in formation of civil
5. One indivisible civil service at all level
service at local level
6. Decisive role of state categorical grants to
Extensive autonomy in taxation and spending,
cover current expenditures, dependent of the
state general grants to support capacity
state regulations spending
60. Local autonomy has been defined as the
state of self-determination of local
Sosmena government and their relative freedom
from central government control over
local affairs and concerns.
LOCAL
The higher the centralization of authority
Abueva and decision making for a function, the
lower the autonomy of the local
government concerned.
AUTONOMY As the degree of self-determination and
self-government enjoyed by local units
Alderfer in their relation with the central
government thus implying a measure of
independence from national control.
Local autonomy as a combination of two
elements: first, the right of local
Mendoza & Lim entities to administer their own affairs
freely in accordance with their own will,
and second, the right of the local
citizenry to determine that will.
61. Philippine Local Autonomy in
the Philippines: two of its
dimensional views
(a)Historical-legal, and
(b)Political-administrative.
62. Central
supervision and
control are
highly visible
in:
1. Presidential power over local officials;
2. Central supervision over local administrative and
financial affairs
3. Central control over development planning
4. Integration of the police force
5. Limitations on the use of specific funds and
6. Centralization of personnel administration.
63. GOVERNMENT
9
AUTONOMY
AND
SUPERVISION OF THE
PRESIDENT