The document discusses different forms of government and their characteristics. It describes monarchy, democracy, unitary and federal systems of government. It also discusses presidential and parliamentary forms of government. The key duties of government include maintaining peace and order, protecting people and property, and promoting citizens' well-being. Approaches to the general welfare include laissez-faire, socialist, and welfare state models.

1. ALBERT G. ROMERO ASPALBERT G. ROMERO ASP
Chapter3
Concept of
government

2.  In this chapter we will learn that people choose the
form of a government and the people that will lead
that government.
 If you are 18 years old and above, you can
participate in the selection process of
choosing who will be given the power to rule.
 Who will set down the rules with the consent of
those who should be involved.
Overview

3. Government
 Is the agency and the instrument that is formed by
the people and for the people.
 It is the body of people and institutions that make
and enforce laws for society.
 The mandate f the government is to serve the
interest and welfare of the people.
 Agency that protect the rights and property of the
people.

4. Government and Other
Social Organization
Government Other Social Org
 Authority- is
comprehensive
 Membership- does not
apply but one
automatically subject to
its authority
 Rules- binding to all
organizations
 Sanction- imprisonment
or death
 Applies only to its
members
 Voluntary
 Binding only to its
members
 The sanction given to
whom who violate rule
is expulsion

5. Basic Duties of
Government
 Insure domestic peace and order- maintenance
of an effective police force. Conduct of rescue, and
relief operation during calamities.
 Establish the defense of the state and preservation
of independence- like the military alliance.
 Establish diplomatic ties with other states.
 Promote physical, social and economic well-being
of the people- implementation of the social legislation
such as land reform.

6. • It is very important that we know what is
government and to know its duties.
For us to be aware of everything that is
happening in our country.
Basic Duties of
Government

7. Modern Classifications of
Forms of Government
A. As to the number of persons exercising the
sovereign powers.
 Monarchy
- rule by one person usually called the monarch
It may be a king, queen,
emperor, tzar, or tzarina.

8. a. Absolute monarchy
- Chief executive, legislator, judge, at the
same time
- Holds absolute or total powers
- King Louis XVI of France
2 KINDS of monarchy
Saudi
Arabia
Saudi
Arabia JordanJordan KuwaitKuwait

9. b. Constitutional monarchy
-Power is limited by the constitution
-Shares power with other government bodies
-Does not have the power to make, implement
nor declare a law null and void
-Queen Elizabeth of Britain
2 KINDS of monarchy

10. 2 KINDS of democracy
a. Direct democracy
- People directly take part in the decision
making process of the government
SwitzerlandSwitzerland

11. 2 KINDS of democracy
a. Representative or Republican
democracy
- People elect their representative that who
will exercise the sovereign power of the state.
PhilippinesPhilippines USAUSA GermanyGermany

12.  Democracy
- Rule of the people demos - people
Greek words
kratos - rule
Classifications of forms
of government
Saudi
Arabia
Saudi
Arabia PhilippinesPhilippines KuwaitKuwait

13. 2 KINDS of democracy
a. Representative or Republican
democracy
- People elect their representative that who
- will exercise the sovereign power of the
- state.
PhilippinesPhilippines USAUSA GermanyGermany

14. B. Unitary government
-Centralization of government powers in
the national government
-The authority of the national government
is supreme over local government
authority
Classifications of forms
of government

15.  There are uniformity of legislation and
administrator of government.
 There is efficiency and effectiveness of
the execution of national policies.
 There is less expense in the operation of
government
 There is enhancement of national unity
respect to religion, language, and
culture.
Strengths of unitary
government

16. • This form divides the powers of the
government between the national government
and the different local government units. Both
are supreme in their own jurisdictions. In cases
where the powers of the national government
collides with the local government, the
Supreme Court acts as arbiter as the
constitution of a federal states provides.
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

17. 1.There is independence of local governments to
initiate programs and laws within their jurisdictions
and scope of authority that will answer their
particular needs.
2.There is uniformity of laws, policies and
administration that are applicable to the whole
country while at the same time it allows wide
diversity of laws, and policies adopted in each local
government as determined by their varying needs
and conditions.
STRENGTHS OF FEDERAL
GOVERNMENT

18. 3. There is provision for local government to
adopt new and untried legislative and
administrative approaches to address vital
issues affecting it.
4. The people in a federal system are more
interested to participate in public affairs.
5. The national government is relieved of the
burdens and congestions in attending to
various local problems.
STRENGTHS OF FEDERAL
GOVERNMENT

19. 1.The lack of uniform legislation among local
government makes administration of federal affairs
difficult.
2.It creates a complex political organization where
there is duplicity of legislation and administration
that entails heavy expenditures.
3.Confusion and delay is likely to happen when
certain government problem borders between
federal and local authority.
WEAKNESSES NOTED IN A
FEDERAL SYSTEM

20. It is that form of government in which the
chief executive (the President) is constitutionally
independent of the legislature with respect to his
tenure, acts, and powers.
* Is organized under the principle of separation of
powers. This principle means that the powers of
government are divided among three co-equal
branches of government- the legislative, executive
and judicial branches
Presidential Government

21. It is that form of government in which
the real executive (the Prime minister and his
cabinet or ministry) is immediately and legally
responsible to the legislature and
immediately or finally responsible to the
electorate, while the titular or nominal
executive (the head of state) occupies a
position of irresponsibility.
parliamentary
Government

22. MARCOS MODIFIED
PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM
 Philippines has a brief experience on
parliamentary system under President
Ferdinand Marcos
 Parliamentary System took effect from
1981
 Marcos has deposed by a peaceful
people’s revolution in 1986

23. PRINCIPLES OF
DEMOCRACY
Popular Sovereignty
Political Equality
Popular Consultation
Majority Rule

24. DIRECT DEMOCRACY
People
Law making
process
The people are directly involve
in the law making process

25. REPUBLICAN DEMOCRACY
People
Elected
legislator
Law making
process
Electing representatives makes
people to participate indirectly
in law making

26. Basic Duties of
Government
A. Constituent functions
 Such as maintanance of peace and
order, protection of person and
property, and defense of the state.
These functions are compulsory and
inherent to a state as attributes of
sovereignty.

27. b. MINISTRANT FUNCTIONS
 Such as providing for free elementary and
secondary education, and low cost
housing. These functions are undertaken
to advance the general interest of society
and voluntary or optional on the
government.
Basic Duties of
Government

28. APPROCHES IN PROMOTING
THE GENERAL WELFARE
 literally means, let alone
 government is viewed as enemy of human
liberty, therefore, it should not intervene in
the economy except in issuing permits and
registration.
 government should allow natural order to
take place such as operation of market
forces.
LAISSEZ-FAIRE APPROACH

29. SOCIALIST APPROACH
 government plays a big role in the
economy
 government, not private individuals or
corporations, own major and strategic
means of production.
 private ownership of business and
industries is limited.

30. WELFARE STATE APPROACH
 a combination of laissez and socialist
approach
 government establishes basic rules for
economic order and act to eliminate
abuses by private individuals and or
corporation.
 provides social security to its citizens,
compensation, financial assistance of
unemployed.

31. End of
Presentation