Drugs That Act on the Kidney.pptx
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Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors act on the kidney by inhibiting the carbonic anhydrase enzyme in the proximal convoluted tubules, preventing the reabsorption of bicarbonate ions. This leads to increased bicarbonate excretion, sodium excretion, water loss, and metabolic acidosis. They are used to treat glaucoma by decreasing aqueous humor production and lowering intraocular pressure, as well as acute mountain sickness by decreasing cerebral spinal fluid production and lowering intracranial pressure. Common side effects include acidosis, hypokalemia, and drowsiness.
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Diuretics
This document discusses diuretics, which are medications that increase urine output. It covers the four anatomical sites in the nephron where diuretics act: the proximal convoluted tubule, the thick ascending loop of Henle, the distal tubule, and the connecting tubule and collecting duct. It provides details on the classes of diuretics that act at each site, including their mechanisms of action, structure-activity relationships, examples of medications, uses, and adverse effects. Thorough understanding of diuretic medicinal chemistry helps clinicians appropriately tailor diuretic therapy to individual patients.
Medicinal Chemistry of Diuretics
Diuretics are drugs that increase urine output. They work by interfering with electrolyte reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to increased excretion of sodium, chloride, potassium, and water. There are several classes of diuretics that work through different mechanisms, targeting different parts of the nephron. Diuretics are used to treat conditions caused by fluid retention like heart failure and liver disease, as well as high blood pressure. Their primary side effects come from electrolyte imbalances.
Diuretics.ppt
Diuretics are drugs that increase urine output from the kidneys by inhibiting sodium reabsorption. They work by blocking sodium reabsorption at various sites along the nephron. The document discusses four classes of diuretics based on their site of action: carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (Site 1), loop diuretics (Site 2), thiazide diuretics (Site 3), and potassium-sparing diuretics (Site 4). It provides details on specific diuretics like furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, and acetazolamide. Their mechanisms of action, uses, and adverse effects are also summarized.
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This document discusses different types of insecticides including organophosphorus compounds, halogenated hydrocarbons, and miscellaneous preparations. It provides details on the absorption, metabolism, mode of action, symptoms of poisoning, treatment, and postmortem findings of organophosphorus compounds and halogenated hydrocarbons like DDT. Specific insecticides discussed in depth include parathion, malathion, DDT, aldrin, and dieldrin.
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PARAQUAT POISONING.pptx
- Paraquat is a herbicide that causes toxicity through generation of reactive oxygen species, leading to lung and other organ damage.
- It is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract and lungs, and accumulates primarily in the lungs. Clinical features range from mild gastrointestinal symptoms to multi-organ failure and death.
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Diuretic notes.ppt
Diuretics, sometimes called water pills, help rid your body of salt (sodium) and water. Most of these medicines help your kidneys release more sodium into your urine. The sodium helps remove water from your blood, decreasing the amount of fluid flowing through your veins and arteries.
Types of diuretics include:
Thiazide diuretics, such as hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide® or Oretic®) or chlorthalidone (Hygroton® or Thalitone®).
What they do: They make your kidneys pull salt and extra water into your pee.
Selected side effects:
Headache.
Loss of appetite.
Hair loss.
Loop diuretics, such as furosemide or bumetanide
What they do: They affect part of your kidneys (the loop of Henle) to get salt and excess water out of your body.
Selected side effects:
Dizziness.
Diarrhea.
Upset stomach.
Potassium-sparing diuretics, such as triamterene or amiloride
What they do: They help your kidneys clear salt and water out of your body, but don’t let you lose too much potassium in the process.
Selected side effects:
Gas.
Nausea.
Headache.
A mixture of two types in one pill, like triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide (Dyazide® or Maxzide®)
What they do: They make your kidneys move salt and extra water out while keeping you from losing too much potassium.
Selected side effects:
Headache.
Peeing often.
People usually take diuretics by swallowing diuretic pills, but your provider can give some diuretics through an IV in your arm during a hospital stay. Most people can take diuretics without getting serious problems from them.
How do diuretics work?
Diuretics make your kidneys take away your body’s extra salt and water by putting them into your urine (pee).'
1 Medical uses
2 Types
2.1 High-ceiling/loop diuretics
2.2 Thiazides
2.3 Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
2.4 Potassium-sparing diuretics
2.5 Calcium-sparing diuretics
2.6 Osmotic diuretics
2.7 Low-ceiling diuretics
3 Mechanism of action
4 Adverse effects
5 Abuse in sports
6 See also
7 References
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Diuretics
This document discusses diuretics, which are medications that increase urine output. It covers the four anatomical sites in the nephron where diuretics act: the proximal convoluted tubule, the thick ascending loop of Henle, the distal tubule, and the connecting tubule and collecting duct. It provides details on the classes of diuretics that act at each site, including their mechanisms of action, structure-activity relationships, examples of medications, uses, and adverse effects. Thorough understanding of diuretic medicinal chemistry helps clinicians appropriately tailor diuretic therapy to individual patients.
Medicinal Chemistry of Diuretics
Diuretics are drugs that increase urine output. They work by interfering with electrolyte reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to increased excretion of sodium, chloride, potassium, and water. There are several classes of diuretics that work through different mechanisms, targeting different parts of the nephron. Diuretics are used to treat conditions caused by fluid retention like heart failure and liver disease, as well as high blood pressure. Their primary side effects come from electrolyte imbalances.
Diuretics.ppt
Diuretics are drugs that increase urine output from the kidneys by inhibiting sodium reabsorption. They work by blocking sodium reabsorption at various sites along the nephron. The document discusses four classes of diuretics based on their site of action: carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (Site 1), loop diuretics (Site 2), thiazide diuretics (Site 3), and potassium-sparing diuretics (Site 4). It provides details on specific diuretics like furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, and acetazolamide. Their mechanisms of action, uses, and adverse effects are also summarized.
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Diuretics presentation by DVM student Hamza Jawad
Pharmacology of diuretics, presented by us in 5th semester.
Lippincot and Adams Pharma books are reference.
PARAQUAT POISONING.pptx
- Paraquat is a herbicide that causes toxicity through generation of reactive oxygen species, leading to lung and other organ damage.
- It is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract and lungs, and accumulates primarily in the lungs. Clinical features range from mild gastrointestinal symptoms to multi-organ failure and death.
- Treatment involves gut decontamination, supportive care, antioxidants, and in some cases extracorporeal removal techniques. C-reactive protein levels may help predict prognosis.
Renal pharmacology
This PPT is very helpful to all the Nursing student, and faculty...to understand the role of medicine in different renal disorder.
Diuretic notes.ppt
Diuretics, sometimes called water pills, help rid your body of salt (sodium) and water. Most of these medicines help your kidneys release more sodium into your urine. The sodium helps remove water from your blood, decreasing the amount of fluid flowing through your veins and arteries.
Types of diuretics include:
Thiazide diuretics, such as hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide® or Oretic®) or chlorthalidone (Hygroton® or Thalitone®).
What they do: They make your kidneys pull salt and extra water into your pee.
Selected side effects:
Headache.
Loss of appetite.
Hair loss.
Loop diuretics, such as furosemide or bumetanide
What they do: They affect part of your kidneys (the loop of Henle) to get salt and excess water out of your body.
Selected side effects:
Dizziness.
Diarrhea.
Upset stomach.
Potassium-sparing diuretics, such as triamterene or amiloride
What they do: They help your kidneys clear salt and water out of your body, but don’t let you lose too much potassium in the process.
Selected side effects:
Gas.
Nausea.
Headache.
A mixture of two types in one pill, like triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide (Dyazide® or Maxzide®)
What they do: They make your kidneys move salt and extra water out while keeping you from losing too much potassium.
Selected side effects:
Headache.
Peeing often.
People usually take diuretics by swallowing diuretic pills, but your provider can give some diuretics through an IV in your arm during a hospital stay. Most people can take diuretics without getting serious problems from them.
How do diuretics work?
Diuretics make your kidneys take away your body’s extra salt and water by putting them into your urine (pee).'
1 Medical uses
2 Types
2.1 High-ceiling/loop diuretics
2.2 Thiazides
2.3 Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
2.4 Potassium-sparing diuretics
2.5 Calcium-sparing diuretics
2.6 Osmotic diuretics
2.7 Low-ceiling diuretics
3 Mechanism of action
4 Adverse effects
5 Abuse in sports
6 See also
7 References
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors work by inhibiting the carbonic anhydrase enzyme in the proximal convoluted tubule. This decreases bicarbonate reabsorption leading to increased urine output and loss of bicarbonate in the urine. The prototypical drug is acetazolamide. It is well absorbed orally and increases urine pH within 30 minutes. The drug is excreted by the kidney so dosage must be reduced in renal failure. It inhibits bicarbonate reabsorption throughout the nephron leading to metabolic acidosis. Major uses include glaucoma, urinary alkalinization for stones, acute mountain sickness, and metabolic alkalosis. Toxicities include acidosis, hypokal
Diuretics
This document discusses the mechanism of action and classification of diuretic drugs. It begins by explaining the normal physiology of urine formation in the kidney and sites of tubular reabsorption. It then classifies diuretics based on potency and site of action. Loop diuretics such as furosemide are described as very potent diuretics that act in the thick ascending loop of Henle by inhibiting sodium-potassium-chloride reabsorption. Their pharmacological effects and mechanisms are explained in detail. Other loop diuretics including torsemide and bumetanide are also briefly discussed. The document concludes by noting some important drug interactions with loop diuretics.
Word copy diuretics
This document summarizes different classes of diuretic drugs, including their mechanisms of action and examples. It discusses loop diuretics that inhibit sodium reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle; thiazide diuretics that inhibit sodium transporters in the distal convoluted tubule; carbonic anhydrase inhibitors that suppress carbon dioxide reabsorption in the kidney; potassium-sparing diuretics that decrease sodium transport in the collecting tubule; and osmotic diuretics that increase osmotic pressure in the proximal tubule to prevent water reabsorption. Examples are provided for common drugs in each class, along with their sites and mechanisms of diuretic action.
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- Diuretics work by inhibiting reabsorption of sodium in different regions of the nephron like the proximal tubule, loop of Henle, or distal tubule.
- Major classes include carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, loop diuretics like furosemide, thiazide diuretics, and potassium-sparing di
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Carbohydrates are the most abundant organic compounds in plants. They act as storehouses of chemical energy and components of supportive structures. There are four main types of carbohydrates: monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose. Disaccharides such as sucrose, lactose, and maltose are formed from two monosaccharide units. Polysaccharides including starch, cellulose, and glycogen are long chains of monosaccharide units that provide structural support and energy storage. Carbohydrates undergo various reactions including formation of glycosides, esters, and reductions to alcohols.
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This document discusses different classes of diuretic drugs, including their mechanisms of action and therapeutic uses. It covers carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, loop diuretics, thiazide diuretics, potassium-sparing diuretics, and osmotic diuretics. Diuretics work by inhibiting reabsorption of sodium in different regions of the nephron. They are used to treat hypertension, edema, and maintain urine output. Common side effects include electrolyte imbalances like hypokalemia and metabolic alterations. Drug-drug interactions can also occur due to effects on absorption or elimination of other drugs.
5diuretics class
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This document provides information on diuretics, including what they are, the conditions they can treat, their mechanisms of action, and classifications. The main points are:
1. Diuretics promote urine production and can treat conditions like heart failure, kidney issues, hypertension, and liver cirrhosis. They work by either increasing glomerular filtration or decreasing tubular reabsorption of water and ions in the kidneys.
2. Diuretics can be classified as mercurial or non-mercurial. Common non-mercurial classes include thiazides, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and loop diuretics which act at different parts of the nephron.
3. Thiaz
thiazides
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This document discusses Paraquat poisoning. It begins by introducing Paraquat as a widely used herbicide that is highly toxic to humans. It then summarizes the pathophysiology of Paraquat poisoning as involving oxidative stress and free radical generation that causes damage to multiple organs, particularly the lungs and kidneys. The clinical presentation, diagnosis, and severity classification of Paraquat poisoning are outlined. Management is described as primarily supportive care, with early extracorporeal removal via hemodialysis or hemoperfusion considered for severe cases. However, the prognosis remains poor even with aggressive treatment.
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Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors work by inhibiting the carbonic anhydrase enzyme in the proximal convoluted tubule. This decreases bicarbonate reabsorption leading to increased urine output and loss of bicarbonate in the urine. The prototypical drug is acetazolamide. It is well absorbed orally and increases urine pH within 30 minutes. The drug is excreted by the kidney so dosage must be reduced in renal failure. It inhibits bicarbonate reabsorption throughout the nephron leading to metabolic acidosis. Major uses include glaucoma, urinary alkalinization for stones, acute mountain sickness, and metabolic alkalosis. Toxicities include acidosis, hypokal
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Word copy diuretics
This document summarizes different classes of diuretic drugs, including their mechanisms of action and examples. It discusses loop diuretics that inhibit sodium reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle; thiazide diuretics that inhibit sodium transporters in the distal convoluted tubule; carbonic anhydrase inhibitors that suppress carbon dioxide reabsorption in the kidney; potassium-sparing diuretics that decrease sodium transport in the collecting tubule; and osmotic diuretics that increase osmotic pressure in the proximal tubule to prevent water reabsorption. Examples are provided for common drugs in each class, along with their sites and mechanisms of diuretic action.
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This document discusses diuretic and antidiuretic drugs. It begins by introducing diuretics, which increase urine output, and their uses for conditions like hypertension. It then covers renal pharmacology and urine formation. The document categorizes and describes various classes of diuretic drugs like carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, loop diuretics, thiazides, and potassium-sparing diuretics. Each drug class' mechanism of action, uses, adverse effects and interactions are outlined. The document also discusses antidiuretic drugs like vasopressin, and vasopressin receptor antagonists that reduce urine output by opposing diuresis.
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This document provides information on diuretics, including what they are, the conditions they can treat, their mechanisms of action, and classifications. The main points are:
1. Diuretics promote urine production and can treat conditions like heart failure, kidney issues, hypertension, and liver cirrhosis. They work by either increasing glomerular filtration or decreasing tubular reabsorption of water and ions in the kidneys.
2. Diuretics can be classified as mercurial or non-mercurial. Common non-mercurial classes include thiazides, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and loop diuretics which act at different parts of the nephron.
3. Thiaz
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1. Mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone act on minerals like sodium and potassium, regulating their levels in the body.
2. Aldosterone is synthesized in and released from the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex, regulated by factors like angiotensin.
3. It increases sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion, maintaining fluid volume and blood pressure levels. Imbalances can cause issues like hypokalemia or hypertension.
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This document discusses Paraquat poisoning. It begins by introducing Paraquat as a widely used herbicide that is highly toxic to humans. It then summarizes the pathophysiology of Paraquat poisoning as involving oxidative stress and free radical generation that causes damage to multiple organs, particularly the lungs and kidneys. The clinical presentation, diagnosis, and severity classification of Paraquat poisoning are outlined. Management is described as primarily supportive care, with early extracorporeal removal via hemodialysis or hemoperfusion considered for severe cases. However, the prognosis remains poor even with aggressive treatment.
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- The male reproductive system includes the penis, testes, scrotum, prostate gland, and other structures. The testes produce sperm and hormones within the scrotum, which provides a cooler environment for sperm production. The prostate gland secretes fluids that protect and nourish sperm.
- The testes and epididymis work together to produce, mature, and store sperm. The epididymis is a coiled tube that receives sperm from the testes and stores it until ejaculation. The testes have seminiferous tubules where sperm are produced with help from Sertoli cells.
- The scrotum houses the testes and epididymis and contains muscles that help
bladder.pptx
The urinary bladder is a muscular organ located in the pelvis that stores urine. It has a capacity of up to 500ml. The bladder has an apex pointing toward the pubic bone, a triangular base facing posteriorly where the ureters and urethra connect, and surfaces covered by peritoneum. As the bladder fills, its superior wall rises into the abdominal cavity. The bladder wall has three layers of smooth muscle and thickens at the neck to form the sphincter vesicae. Arteries supplying the bladder originate from the internal iliac arteries while veins drain into the internal iliac vein. Lymph vessels drain to the internal and external iliac lymph nodes.
urethra.pptx
The female urethra is relatively short at 4cm, which increases risk of urinary tract infections. It begins at the bladder neck and passes inferiorly through the pelvic floor to open at the perineum, with its orifice located 2-3cm anterior to the vagina. The male urethra is longer at 15-20cm and in addition to urine carries semen. It is divided into four parts: preprostatic, prostatic, membraneous, and spongy. Both receive arterial blood supply from the internal pudendal artery and lymphatic drainage to the internal iliac and inguinal lymph nodes.
Histology of epithelium.pptx
Epithelia are layers of cells that line surfaces throughout the body. They are classified based on cell layer number (simple or stratified) and cell shape (squamous, cuboidal, columnar). Epithelia have several important functions, including transcellular transport, absorption, secretion, selective permeability, and protection from injury. They contain specialized structures on their surfaces like tight junctions, microvilli, and cilia that allow them to perform key roles in the body.
Histology an introduction 1-1.pptx
This document summarizes key concepts in histology:
- Histology is the study of microscopic tissue structure and function. It bridges biochemistry, molecular biology, and disease processes. Knowledge of normal histology is essential for recognizing abnormal structures.
- Tissues are composed of cells organized into specific patterns. There are four main tissue types - epithelial, muscular, nervous, and connective tissues. Epithelial tissues line surfaces and glands.
- Epithelial cells form barriers and linings. They are classified by shape (squamous, cuboidal, columnar) and layering (simple, stratified, pseudostratified). Surface modifications like microvilli and cilia help with absorption and movement.
Anesthesiology
Anesthesiology focuses on interventions that induce a reversible state of anesthesia characterized by loss of consciousness, analgesia, amnesia, and muscle relaxation. Anesthesiologists administer gaseous or injectable agents to induce anesthesia before surgical procedures or other medical interventions. They monitor patients' vital signs like heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, and temperature during and after procedures. Anesthesiologists also provide postoperative care including pain management and recovery assessment.
Nephrotic vs nephritic.pptx
Nephrotic syndrome involves leaking of massive proteins from the glomerulus due to changes in the glomerulus. It is often caused by minimal change disease, lupus, or diabetes. Clinical manifestations include hypoalbuminemia, massive proteinuria, and generalized edema.
Nephritic syndrome involves inflammation of the glomerulus from immune complexes, leading to leaking of red blood cells and mild protein. It is commonly caused by a prior streptococcal infection. Clinical manifestations include hematuria, edema, and hypertension.
Cardiovascular Physiology.pptx
The document summarizes the structure and function of the heart and cardiovascular system. It describes the heart as a four-chambered muscular pump divided into atria and ventricles. Valves control blood flow through the heart. The cardiac cycle involves coordinated contractions and relaxations of the atria and ventricles. The sinoatrial node initiates electrical signals that cause contractions, traveling through pathways to coordinate the cycles. Contractions pump blood through the heart and circulation in two phases - systole where the heart contracts and diastole where it relaxes.
Drugs That Act on the Kidney.pptx
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors act on the kidney by inhibiting the carbonic anhydrase enzyme in the proximal convoluted tubules, preventing the reabsorption of bicarbonate ions. This leads to increased bicarbonate excretion, sodium excretion, water loss, and metabolic acidosis. They are used to treat glaucoma by decreasing aqueous humor production and lowering intraocular pressure, as well as acute mountain sickness and edema. Common side effects include acidosis, hypokalemia, and drowsiness.
Respiratory System Paths.pptx
This document summarizes several respiratory system diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic restrictive pulmonary disease. It describes the four entities that comprise COPD - bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and bronchiectasis. For each condition, it outlines characteristics, pathologic findings, and types. It also discusses several occupational lung diseases that fall under chronic restrictive pulmonary disease, including coal workers' pneumoconiosis, silicosis, and asbestosis.
More from AnumSajid12 (18)
Recently uploaded
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm,
Plasma expansion in the dipole magnetic field.
如何办理(uvic毕业证书)维多利亚大学毕业证本科学位证书原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(uvic毕业证书)维多利亚大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless ReproducibilityUniversity of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,kP,Pakistan
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skillsThe debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
SAR of Medicinal Chemistry 1st by dk.pdf
In this presentation include the prototype drug SAR on thus or with their examples .
Syllabus of Second Year B. Pharmacy
2019 PATTERN.
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
原版制作(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证硕士文凭原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Micronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvement
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
This presentation covers the content and information on "Cytokines " and their role in immune regulation .
Recently uploaded (20)
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
Drugs That Act on the Kidney.pptx
- 1. Presented by Group 4 Drugs That Act on the Kidney _Anum Sajid…
- 2. Introduction Drugs that act on the kidney have important applications in renal, cardiovascular, and endocrine disorders. These disorders mainly involve sodium and water homeostasis.
- 4.
- 6. Carbonic Anhydrase • Carbonic anhydrase enzymes are found in the: • Proximal convoluted tubules (PCTs) of the kidneys: involved in HCO3 – reabsorption • Eyes: involved in aqueous humor production • Glial cells in the brain: involved in CSF production
- 7. In PCT carbonic anhydrase catalyze: Dehydration of H2CO3 to CO2 at the luminal membrane. Rehydration of CO2 to H2CO3 in the cytoplasm.
- 8. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor It is Sulphonamide derivative. Duration of action: 8-12hrs Well absorbed orally. Include: Acetazolamide Methazolamide Dorzolamide
- 9. Pharmacokinetics Acetazolamide • Readily absorbed • Half-life: 2.5‒9 hours • Not metabolized Methazolamide • Relatively slower absorption • Half-life: 14 hours • Metabolizes slowly within the GI tract
- 10. Mechanism of Action Non-competitively and reversible inhibit Carbonic Anhydrase in Proximal tube; Block resorption of bicarbonate ions; preventing Na/H exchange.
- 11. • Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase: • Keeps HCO3 – in the renal tubules. • Prevents secretion of HCO3 – into the aqueous humor in the eyes. • Prevents secretion of HCO3 – into the CSF in the brain.
- 12.
- 13. Physiologic effects of CAIs Use of CAI’s results in: • ↑ HCO3 – excretion leading to metabolic acidosis. • ↑ Na+ excretion → water follows Na+ → diuresis. • ↓ Intraocular pressure (IOP) due to ↓ aqueous humor production • ↓ Intracranial pressure (ICP) due to ↓ CSF production
- 14. Therapeutic Uses Glaucoma—Dec. formation of aqueous humor thereby lowering the intraocular pressure. Prophylaxis and treatment of acute Mountain sickness. To Alkalinize urine for UTIs. Periodic Paralysis Edema
- 15. Adverse Reactions Acidosis Hypokalemia Drowsiness, paresthesia Abdominal discomfort, Hypersensitivity reactions. Bone marrow depression. Interfere with elimination of NH3 in urine. CONTRAINDICATED in Liver disease.
- 16. The End