This document discusses different types of insecticides including organophosphorus compounds, halogenated hydrocarbons, and miscellaneous preparations. It provides details on the absorption, metabolism, mode of action, symptoms of poisoning, treatment, and postmortem findings of organophosphorus compounds and halogenated hydrocarbons like DDT. Specific insecticides discussed in depth include parathion, malathion, DDT, aldrin, and dieldrin.
Corticosteroids in Dentistry| Application and Adverse Effect of CorticosteroidDr. Rajat Sachdeva
Corticosteroids are very similar to Steroid hormones produced naturally in Adrenal Cortex of humans.
Protein, Carbohydrates and Fat metabolism, maintenance of fluid electrolytes and adapting the body to stress.
Corticosteroids are antinflammatory, analgesics, effective on ulceration promotes the healing of nerve injuries.
Oral Sub-mucus Fibrosis, Central Giant Cell Granuloma, Lichen Planus (for 5 min, 0.5% application of Clobetasol Propionates with Nystatin) in a Gingival Tray.
Bullous and Mucous Pemphigoid, Melkerson Rosenthal syndrome, Bell's Palsy, Post-Herpetic neuralgia.
Corticosteroids in Dentistry| Application and Adverse Effect of CorticosteroidDr. Rajat Sachdeva
Corticosteroids are very similar to Steroid hormones produced naturally in Adrenal Cortex of humans.
Protein, Carbohydrates and Fat metabolism, maintenance of fluid electrolytes and adapting the body to stress.
Corticosteroids are antinflammatory, analgesics, effective on ulceration promotes the healing of nerve injuries.
Oral Sub-mucus Fibrosis, Central Giant Cell Granuloma, Lichen Planus (for 5 min, 0.5% application of Clobetasol Propionates with Nystatin) in a Gingival Tray.
Bullous and Mucous Pemphigoid, Melkerson Rosenthal syndrome, Bell's Palsy, Post-Herpetic neuralgia.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
1. INSECTICLDAL: These are
a. Organo-phosphorus compounds:
They are derived form phosphoric acid are
form two series of compounds.
(i). Alkyl compounds:
• Tetraethyl pyrophosphates (TEPP)
• Hexaethyl tetra phosphate (HTP)
• Octomethyl pyrophos-phoramide (OMPA)
• systox , dimefox, sulfotep, & Malathion .
3. b. Halogenated Hydrocarbons : A good
number of preparation of chlorinated
hydrocarbon available in the market in the
form of :- Aldrin, Dieldrin, Endrin, D.D.T.
Gammexane, Heptachlor.
c. Miscellaneous preparations: Salts of
murcury and arsenic, Fluorides cyanides,
etc.
4. Organophosphorus Compound (OPC)
or organic poly phosphates.
• OPC are deadly toxic to human
beings as they are most effective as
insecticidal agents, hence these
preparation are mostly popular on
one side and also takes many lives
every year. Though mostly in rural
areas but also to a considerable
extent in urban areas.
5. Absorption, Fate and Excretion
• It is absorbed by inhalation, through the
skin, mucus membranes of the GIT.
parathion is absorbed in the body fat and
slowly released in the circulation,
prolonging the duration of toxic effects.
6. • It is metabolized to paraoxone which is the
active toxic agent of the preparation and
then to para-nitrophenol to be excreted
through urine. They are mixed with a
solvent, usually aromax, which is
responsible for kerosene like smell in the
body cavities, stomach contents, vomits,
froth etc.
7. MODE OF ACTION OF OPC
• Acethyl choline(ach) is a chemical transmitter
plays the vital role to propagate cholinergic
nerve impulse across the synapses of the
peripheral and central nervous system. Traces
of actylcholine are produced at the myoneural
junction, which is hydrolysed to choline and
acetic acid by cholin-esterases, which are
present in plasma and on the membranes or
within the cytoplasm of many cells.
8. • OPC are powerful inhibitors of carboxylic
esterase enzymes, including
cholinesterase.
• OPC inhibits the enzymes cholinesterase
in all parts of the body, due to which
acetylcholine is accumulate at the
parasympathetic, sympathetic and
somatic sites and transfer nerve impulses
across synapses. This provides a
syndrome of over activity of acetylcholine
due to unhydrolysed ach.
9. • Symptoms appears in both sympathetic
and parasympathetic nervous system.
• Symptoms are similar to those resulting
from over dosage of acctylcholine,
pilocarpine and physostigmine.
• They have three distinct toxic actions.
• ( i). A MUSCARINIC LIKE EFFECT which
potentiates post ganglionic
parasympathetic activity and affects
pupils, bronchial muscles salivary and
sweat glands, urinary bladder (contracted)
cardiac sinus node (blocked).
10. • (ii). NICOTINE LIKE STIMULATION followed
by paralysis of pre-ganglionic and somatic
motor nerves causing twitching of the eyelids,
tongue and fascial muscles followed by
neuromuscular block and paralysis .
• (iii). CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
STIMUZATION : followed by depression
causing headache, giddiness, restlessness,
apprehension, tremors, ataxia, insomnia, coma
& death.
12. • FATAL PERLOD: Within 24 hours in
untreated cases and within 10 day in those
treated cases when treatment is not
successful.
• S/S:- Signs and symptoms appear when
the cholinesterarase level drops to 30% of
its normal activity.
13. • (i). Muscarinic Manifestations:-
• These symptoms can be easily remembered by
the acronym.
• SLUDGE
• S- Salivation
• L- lacrymation
• U- Urination
• D- Defaecation
• G- Gastro-intestinal distress
• E- Emesis
18. • Cause of Death: Death is caused by
paralysis of the respiratory muscles,
respiratory, arrest due to failure of
respiratory centre or intense broncho-
constriction.
19. • Diagnosis:-
• Diagnosis depends on history, signs and
symptoms.
• Treatment:-
• 1. Avoiding the risk of further exposure:
• a. Removal of the patient from the place
of exposure.
• b. Removal of the clothing's :-
Contaminated clothes should be removed
to prevent further absorption.
20. • c. If the skin is contaminated then washing
of the skin or bathing will be necessary.
• 2. The airway should be immediately
controlled with oxygen, and aspiration of
secretion, tracheostomy may be required.
• 3. When cyanosis is present maximal
oxygenation should be achieved before
giving atropine, Artificial respiration if
necessary.
21. • 4. When poison ingested the stomach should
be washed with 1:5000 potassium
permanganate solution.
• 5. Atropin sulphate I/V in 2 mg to 4 mg /hr
doses till atropinization i, e, dilatation of pupils.
• (0. 05 mg/ kg is given as a test dose if there is
no effect this dose may doubled every 5 to 10
minutes until muscarinic symptoms are
relieved.)
22. • 6. Antidotes: Oximes are considered proper
antidotes of opc poisons.
• Different preparation of oximes are:- Diacctyl
Mono Oxime (DAM). Pralidoxime.
• The adult dose is 1 to 2 gm I/V either as a 5%
solution given over 5 min or 150 ml of saline
and infused over half an hour. This can be
repeated in one hour if muscle weakness and
fasciculations are not relieved.
• The dose should be repeated at 6 to 12 hrs
interval for 24 to 48 hours to ensure distribution
to all affected sites.
23. • Pralidoxime & atropine work
synergistically and should be used
together.
• 7. If convulsions – Benzodiazepines.
• 8. Pulmonary oedema and
bronchospasm should be treated with
oxygen, intubation, atropine and positive
pressure ventilation.
• 9. Antibiotics to prevent pulmonary
infections.
24. POSTMORTEM APPEARANCE
• Externally: 1. Cyanosis.
2. Deep postmortem.
3. Congested face .
4. Frothy discharge often
blood stained from nose and mouth.
5. Kerosene like smell due to
diluents of poison .
25. INTERNALLY
• 1. The mucosa of the intestine is
congested
• 2. The stomach contents gives Kerosene
like smell.
• 3. Petechial haemorrhagic spots may be
present at the subplural level and sub-
mucosal level of the others viscera.
• 4. Gross congestion and oedema of lungs.
• 5. Congestions of other organs.
• 6. Oedema of brain.
26. • 7. Blood stained froth in the respiratory
tract. Cholinesterase level of cells and
plasma is low.
• M/L ASPECTS:
27. CHLORINATED
HYDROCARBONS
• D.D.T. (DICHLORO- DIPHENYL- TRICHLORO
ETHANE) ALDRIN,DIELDRIN, ENDRIN,
HEXACHLORO-CYCLOHEXANE
(GAMMEXANE, LINDANE,) CHLORDANE.
• USES: These chlorinated hydrocarbons are
used in home, in Gardens and in agricultural
fields as insecticidal agents. They are insoluble
in water.
28. • DDT:
DDT is a white crystalline powder with a
faint aromatic odor, almost insoluble in
water but moderately soluble in vegetable
oils, kerosene, and various organic
solvents. It is important both as an
insecticide and as parasiticide. In low
concentrations, it is lethal to mosquitoes,
house flies, lice and to many other insects
and arthropods.
29. • ACTION:- It acts chiefly on the cerebellum
and motor cortex of the CNS. It also
sensitises the myocardium to adrenaline.
• DDT and its metabolites accumulate and
persist in body fat for long period of time.
• MODE OF INSECTICIDAL USE:- Being
insoluble in water they are used either as
dust or emulsion or mixed with solvent like
kerosene.
30. • ABSORPTION, FATE & EXCRETION:- For
the insects chlorinated hydrocarbons are
contact poisons and absorbed through the
exoskeleton of the insects. In human being,
except Dieldrin, chlorinated hydrocarbons in
dry powder form are poorly absorbed through
the M.M. of GIT.
31. • In the body these are mainly deposited in
the body fat and also to a small extent in
liver kidneys and brain.
• These are destroyed mainly in liver. Some
Metabolic products are excreted in stool,
urine and milk.
32. • Fatal Dose:-
• Aldrin, Dieldrin, Endrin → 2.5gms
• CHLORDANE → 5-7 gms.
• DDT & LINDANE → 15 – 30 gms.
• Fatal period:- With Optimum dose death occurs
within some hours.
33. • S/s: With DDT & Gammexane nausea,
Vomiting and diarrhoea occurs possibly
due to the action of their solvents, It
causes, headache, dizziness and
weakness. With higher doses it cause
cerebral disturbance like restlessness,
irritability, dizziness, palpitation, tremor,
twitching of muscles and convulsion occur.
In children death may occur within a few
hours due to respiratory failure.
34. • After the immediate danger is over, risk of
hepatitis, irritation of the gut with vomiting (often
mixed with blood) melena, bile in urine and
tachycardia may persist. Aldrin, dieldrin ,
endrin, chlordane are more active conversant.
→ If convulsion or unconsciousness occur
without preceding symptoms, then the
prognosis is grave.
35. • Rx,
• 1. Removal of the ingested poison by emesis or
gastric lavage and magsulph purgation.
• 2. When the poisoning is through surface
contact removal of clothing's & washing of the
skin.
• 3. If convulsion – pentobartone sodium, 180 mg
½ or para-aldehyde 4-6 ml 1/m is given.
•
36. • 4. If convulsion repeats, then controlled
respiration is recommended with the help
of anesthetist.
• PM findings :
• (1). Externally: Cyanosis & others sign of
asphyxial death. kerosene like smell near
the mouth. Discharge of blood stained
from the nose and mouth.
37. • 2. Internally:
• The stomach content smells of like that of
kerosene, Irritation of stomach m. mems.
Lungs congested and edematous subplural
hge spot.
• There is froth in the lumen of be respiratory
tract. Organs are congested.
• There may be fatty deg. of liver, kidneys.