This document provides information about drugs and medicines. It defines key terms and describes different types of drugs, their effects, and risks. The document covers legal prescription drugs and illegal drugs. It discusses how drugs affect the brain and can lead to addiction. The risks of drug abuse during teen years and pregnancy are also addressed. Treatment options for addiction like intervention and recovery are mentioned.

1. Understanding drugs &
medicines

2. Chapter 9.1 Key Terms
 Drug- any substance that causes a change in a person’s
physical or psychological state
 Medicine- any drug used to cure, prevent, or treat
illness or discomfort
 Side effect- an effect that is caused by a drug & that is
different from the drug’s intended effect
 Prescription- written order from a doctor for a
specific medicine
 Over the counter medicine- any medicine that
can be bought without a prescription

3. 3 qualities of a medicine
 Effectiveness
 Safety- when used as directed
 Minor side effects

4. Drugs of Abuse
 Drugs that people take
for mind-altering effects
that have no medical
purpose
 Ex. – Cocaine, alcohol,
marijuana

5. Types of medicines
 Antibiotic- kills bacteria to help cure infections
 Stimulant- increases alertness; helps people
with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD) to focus their attention
 Anti-anxiety- helps people who are excessively
nervous or panicked to calm down
 Vaccine- Prevents infections in people exposed
to the infectious agent
 Sedative- causes sleepiness

6. 6 ways drugs enter the body
 Implanted pumps- surgically implanted pumps
that inject drugs into specific part of the body
 Inhalation- inhaled into the lungs
 Injection- needle
 Transdermal patches- patches placed on skin
 Ingestion- swallowed
 Topical application- lotions absorbed through
the skin

7. Chapter 9.2 Key Terms
 Psychoactive- a drug or medicine that affects the brain
& changes how a person perceives, thinks, or feels
 Generic medicine- medicine made by a company
other that the company that developed the original
medicine
 Active ingredient- chemical component that gives a
medicine its action
 Drug interaction- when a drug reacts with another
drug, food, or dietary supplement such that the effect
of one of the substances is greater or smaller

8. Testing a drug
 Laboratory tests- chemical tests or tests on cell
cultures
 Tests on animals
 Human volunteers
 Clinical trials
 (FDA) Food & Drug Administration-
approval or rejection

9. Information on a prescription
 Dose (how much of the
medicine should be
taken)
 When you should take
the medicine
 How often you should
take the medicine
 Length of time you
should take the
medicine

10. Misuse v/s Abuse of Prescription
Medicines
 Misuse- using a
prescription medication
that does not have your
name on it
 May not have the same
illness
 Strength of medicine may
be more or less than you
need
 Abuse- taking medicine
when it is not needed,
taking too much
medicine, or mixing
more than one kind of
medicine

11. Choosing an Over the counter (OTC)
medicine
 Decide what kind of OTC will work for you
 Decide whether you want generic or a brand-
name medicine
 Read the label

12. Possible problems with medicines
 Allergic reactions
 Anaphylactic shock
 Side effects
 Aspirin, ibuprofen-
damage to the lining of
the stomach (ulcers)
 Drug Interactions

13. Anaphylactic Shock symptoms
 Itching all over the body
 Swelling, especially in the
mouth or throat
 Wheezing or difficulty in
breathing
 A pounding heart
 Fainting &
unconsciousness

14. Chapter 9.3 Key Terms
 Addiction- condition in which a person can no longer control
his or her drug use
 Drug Tolerance- condition in which a user needs more of a
drug to feel the same effect felt when first using the drug
 Physical Dependence- state in which the body relies on a given
drug in order to function
 Psychological Dependence- state of emotionally or mentally
needing a drug in order to function
 Withdrawal- uncomfortable physical & psychological symptoms
produced when a physically dependent drug user stops using
drugs

15. Drugs & the brain
 Neurons- brain is made
up of billions of nerve
cells
 Synapses- connections
between neurons
 Drugs can change the
way neurons
communicate with each
other

16. Brain Reward System
 Reinforces healthy
behaviors
 Releases the
neurotransmitter
dopamine that lets us
feel pleasure

17. Behavioral warning signs of
addiction
 Loss of interest at school
 Change of appearance
 Change of friends
 Unexplained mood swings
 Absences from school
 Dramatic change in eating habits
 Excessive lying
 Unexplained need for money

18. Stages of Drug Addiction
 Drug use- drug use activates the brain reward
system (pleasure system)
 Tolerance- needs more of the drug to produce
the same effect
 Dependence- experiences uncomfortable
withdrawal symptoms if he or she tries to stop
using the drug
 Addiction- lost control of his or her drug
taking habit

19. Illegal drugs

20. Chapter 12.1 Key Terms
 Drug Abuse- intentional improper or unsafe
use of a drug
 Overdose- the taking of too much of a drug
which causes sickness, loss of consciousness,
permanent damage, or even death

21. Reasons illegal drug use is very
dangerous
 Permanent effects on the brain & body
 Become addicted
 Factor in many suicides, motor vehicle accidents,
& crimes
 Sharing needles- risk of catching Hepatitis B &
HIV
 Overdose
 Risky sexual behavior (STDs)

22. Teen addiction
 Teens have a higher risk
of addiction to drugs
than adults do
 Risk of addiction is
higher because young
brains are still
developing- can alter
brain development

23. Teen Substance Abuse

24. Chapter 12.2 Key Terms
 Marijuana- dried flowers and leaves of the plant
Cannabis sativa that are smoked or mixed in food &
eaten for intoxicating effects
 Inhalant- drug inhaled as a vapor
 Club (Designer) drug- drug made to closely resemble
a common illegal drug in chemical structure & effect
 Anabolic Steroid- synthetic version of the male
hormone testosterone that is used to promote muscle
development

25. 3 things illegal drugs have in
common
 Affect the function of the brain
 Dangerous to your health
 Can result in drug dependence & addiction

26. 4 commonly abused illegal drugs
 Marijuana
 Inhalants
 Club drugs
 Anabolic steroids

27. Marijuana
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Intoxicating effects
 Relaxation
 Loss of short-term
memory
 Loss of balance &
coordination
 Increased appetite
Possible health
consequences
 Respiratory infection
 Impaired learning &
memory
 Panic attacks
 Cancer

28. • Marijuana is the most
commonly used
illegal drug
•THC- active chemical in marijuana
•Contains many of the same carcinogens
found in cigarette smoke
•After effects wear off users feel:
-Tired, unmotivated, depressed
Marijuana
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29. Inhalants
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Effects
 Dizziness
 Nausea & vomiting
 Headache
Health consequences
 Heart attack
 Liver, kidney damage
 Brain damage
 Coma
 Death
Glue, paint thinner, propane,
nitrous oxide

30. Club (Designer) drugs
 Ecstacy
 GHB
 PCP (Angel Dust)

31. Ecstacy
Most commonly abused club drug
Intoxication Effects
 Increased awareness of senses
 Mild hallucinations
 Increased energy
 Loss of judgment
Health Consequences
 Impaired learning & memory
 Hyperthermia (overheating)
 High blood pressure
 Heart attack
 Death

32. Look alike drugs
 Abused substances that
are only slightly different
from other, better-
known drugs

33. Date Rape Drugs
 GHB, Rohypnol
Intoxication effects
 Relaxation
 Nausea
 Loss of inhibitions
 Euphoria
Health consequences
 Dangerously slowed breathing
 Seizures
 Coma

34. Anabolic Steroids
Male side effects
 Stunted Growth
 Aggression
 Severe acne
 Shrinking of testes
 Heart disease
Female side effects
 Increased facial hair
 Deeper voice
 Rapid weight gain

35. 12.3 Key Terms
 Stimulant- drug that temporarily increases a person’s
energy & alertness
 Depressant- drug that causes relaxation & sleepiness
 Opiates- group of highly addictive drugs derived from
the poppy plant that are used as pain relievers,
anesthetics, & sedatives
 Hallucinogens- drug that distorts perceptions, causing
the user to see or hear things that are not real

36. Cocaine, crack cocaine,
amphetamines, and
methamphetamines
Stimulants
Types
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37. Produce increased heart rate/
breathing rate/ energy/
alertness, elevated blood
pressure, loss of appetite, and
increased mental activity,
euphoria, hyperactivity,
restlessness, anxiety
Stimulants
Intoxication effects
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38. Used illegally
to produce
intoxication, to
counter the effects
of other drugs,...
Depressants
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39. Depressants
1) Rohypnol, 2) DXM
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1) Date rape drug 2) Ingredient in
cough medicines

40. Depressants
Intoxicating effects
 Euphoria
 Reduced anxiety
 Loss of inhibitions
 Drowsiness

41. Street use of
these drugs is
intended to
induce
pleasure…
Narcotics
Opiates
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42. Opium, heroin,
morphine,
codeine
Types of Opiates
Narcotics types
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43. …euphoria, relaxation,
drowsiness, pain relief,
general feelings of well-
being
Opiates Intoxicating effects
Narcotics

44. Street use is intended to produce
“mind expansion,”
hallucinations, and psychedelic
experiences
Hallucinogens

45. • LSD
•Mushrooms
Hallucinogens
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46. Hallucinogens
Intoxication Effects
 Sensory illusions
 Distortions of reality
 Dizziness
 Weakness
 Enhanced emotions
 Feelings of being
outside of the body

47. Flashback
 Person may feel the effects of a
hallucinogen long after the drug has
worn off
 Days, weeks, or even months after use

48. •Drugs that often lead to
abuse of other drugs
•Common gateway drugs:
- Alcohol, tobacco,
marijuana, inhalants
Gateway drugs

49. Chapter 12.4 Key Terms
 Neonatal abstinence syndrome- drug withdrawal
that occurs in newborn infants whose mothers
were frequent drug users during pregnancy
 Recovering- process of learning to live without
drugs
 Intervention- confronting a drug user about his
or her drug abuse problem to stop him or her
from using drugs
 Relapse- return to using drugs while trying to
recover from drug addiction