This document provides guidance for teaching very young learners (VYLs). It notes that VYLs should not be expected to sit still, write, read extensively, discuss various topics, or work in pairs. Instead, VYLs enjoy colors, numbers, stories, drawing and individual attention. Teachers should establish a routine, use gestures and movement to engage short attention spans, and limit materials. Suggested activities include using rhythm and melody to teach vocabulary, asking for numbers and colors, using storybooks and flashcards, miming animals, hiding flashcards, whispering, guessing, miming, mimicking, and chanting. Literacy exercises can be adapted and tracing helps familiarize VYLs with letters, while