Details of Constructions

1. DOORS & WINDOWS

2. Doors may be defined as an openable barrier
secured in a wall opening. It is provided to
give an access to inside of a room.
It consists of two parts:-
1. Door frame
2. Door shutter

3. A WINDOW is also a vented barrier
secured in a wall opening. The function of
the window is to admit light and air to the
building and to give a view to the outside.
WINDOW consists of twoparts:-
1. Window frame
2. Window shutter

4. SOME TECHNICAL
TERMS
• FRAME:- It is an assembly
of horizontal and vertical
• members, forming an enclosure,to
• which the shutters arefixed
• SHUTERS:-These are the
openable parts of a door or
window.
• HEAD:-This is the top or
uppermost horizontal part of
frame

5. SILL:-This is the lowest or
bottom horizontal part of a
window frame, not provided
in door frames.
HORN:- These are the
horizontal projections of a
frame..
REBATE :- It is the
depression or recessmade
inside the door frame to
receive the doorshutter.

6. The number of doors should be kept minimum
The location of door & window should meet functional
requirements of the room.
The door should not be kept in the centre of the wall.
The window should be located in opposite wall, facing
a door or another window, to achieve cross ventilation.
From the point of view of fresh air, a window should be
located on the northern side of of aroom.
The sill should be located about 70t0 80cm about
floor level of the room.
Considerations of doors and windows:

7. Types of doors mainly classified on the basisof-
Arrangement of components
Method or manner of construction
Working operations
Metal doors

8. This includes four types:-
1. Battened & ledged doors
2. Battened, ledged and braced doors
3. Battened, ledged and framed doors
4. Battened, ledged,braced and framed doors

9. These doors consist of
vertical boards called
battens which are nailed
or screwed to the
horizontal members,
called ledges . Often the
battens are a-bout 15to 18
cm wide and 2to 3cm
thick. Doors made with
narrow battens like these
have a betterappearance.
BATTENED &
LEDGED DOORS

10. This is a ledged and battened
door to which braces have
been added to prevent
sagging. These braces must
slope upwards from the hinge
edge of the door, and theyare
housed with a skew notch
into the ledges.
BATTENED, LEDGED AND
BRACED DOORS

11. It is improved version of
battened and ledged
doors with provision of
frame. Two vertical
members known as
styles areprovided
BATTENED, LEDGED &
FRAMED DOORS

12. Same as above withextra
braces.
Battened, Ledged , Braced &
Framed Doors

13. These are providedwhere
the visibility of the
interior of the room is
required.
GLAZED OR SASH DOORS

14. These permit free
ventilation through them
and at the same time
maintain the privacy of
the room.
LOUVERED DOORS

15. Wire gauge or fly proof
door shutters are fixed to
provide free air
circulation and prevent
mosquitoes, flies, insect
setc. from enteringinto
the building.
WIRE GAUGED DOORS

16. These are provided
only at public places
to provide entranceto
one and exit to the
other person.
REVOLVING DOORS

17. A sliding dooris a type of
door which opens
horizontally by
sliding, whereby the dooris
either mounted on or
suspended from a track
SLIDING DOORS

18. Mainly provided in
godowns, workshop, public
windows and etc.
Collapsible Steel Doors

19. These are composite doors of
plywood and mild steel and are
reasonably fire proof.
Metal Covered Plywood Door

20. A window is comprised of twoparts:-
1. Window Frame
2. Sashes or ShutterFrame
WINDOWS

21. A window that cannot be
opened, whose function is
limited to allowing lightto
enter. This type of window
is used in situations where
light or vision alone is
needed as no ventilationis
possible through fixed
windows
FIXED WINDOWS

22. A window having a section
which is pivoted near the
center so that the top ofthe
section swings in and the
bottom swingsout.
PIVOTED WINDOW

23. Their shutters moveeither
horizontally orvertically.
Sliding Windows

24. A louver is a window, blind
with horizontal slats thatare
angled to admit light and
air, but to keep out
rain, direct sunshine, and
noise. The angle of the slats
may be adjustable, usually in
blinds and windows, orfixed.
LOUVRED WINDOW

25. Metal windows, made up of
mild steel having lesser cost
and more strength.
Metal Windows

26. This type of window has
two faces inperpendicular
directions and these are
provided in the corner of
room.
CORNER WINDOW

27. Dormer window is a window
provided on the sloping roof
as shown in fig.
DORMER
WINDOW

28. Ventilators are small
windows, fixed at agreater
height than the
window, generally about 30t0
50cm below roof level.
VENTILATORS

29. INSTALLING DOOR FRAMES
Frames which are improperly built-in can cause
problems later, when the plastering is done orthe
doors are hung. Therefore we must give special
attention to setting the framesproperly.
A door frame should be fixed in such a way that the
door can open flat to the wall. Otherwise, the door will
form a lever to the frame, and the hinges will be forced
out when the door swings wide open suddenly.
Door frames can be fixed in position either duringthe
masonry construction or after the walling has been
completed.

30. INSTALLING WINDOW FRAMES
Installing window frames is similar to installing door
frames (see Door Frames section). A window frame
should be fixed in such a way that the casement can
open flat to the wall, otherwise the casement will
forui a lever with the edge of the wall. This can cause
the hinges to be forced out when the window isblown
open by the wind.
Window frames can be installed either during the
construction of the walls, or after the walling hasbeen
completed.