This document provides silver bullet matrices for analyzing innovative problem solving approaches for different divisions within the Weir Group PLC. It outlines suitable design methods and tools for each stage of the silver bullet process. The first matrix examines methods for understanding the current situation within the Weir Group's Minerals Division, which includes eight product groups. Methods such as SWOT analysis, parametric analysis, questionnaires/surveys, organizational documents, root cause analysis, and 5 whys are identified as particularly useful for gathering information on current strengths, weaknesses and problems within each group. The document aims to help align design approaches with specific product groups and stages of the innovation process.
Introduction_to modern algebra David_Joycevorticidad
This document is an introduction to modern algebra by David Joyce. It covers topics in fields, rings, groups and number theory. The author dedicates the book to his late friend and colleague Arthur Chou, who encouraged him to write it. The book contains chapters on fields, rings, groups and other algebraic structures and concepts such as isomorphisms, homomorphisms, ordered fields, and finite fields.
Rao probability theory with applicationsCaboGrosso
This document appears to be the contents page and preface for a textbook on probability theory titled "Probability Theory with Applications, Second Edition".
The preface discusses the organization of the textbook into three parts - foundations of probability theory, analytical aspects of probability, and applications of probability. It notes some revisions made for the second edition, including adding new material, omitting some original chapters, and reorganizing content for clearer focus. The goal remains providing a rigorous yet accessible graduate-level introduction to probability theory.
This document provides an overview of laser welding fundamentals, including:
- The three main types of lasers used for welding are neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG), fiber, and diode lasers. Nd:YAG lasers have the largest installed base for micro welding applications. Fiber lasers offer flexibility in weld dimensions and high penetration rates for high-speed welding. Diode lasers are commonly used for plastic and light metal welding.
- The principles of laser generation involve pumping a lasing medium to produce stimulated emission of coherent light waves within an optical resonator.
- Key factors that influence laser welding include parameters like power, wavelength
This document provides an overview of light and architecture. It discusses natural/day lighting versus artificial lighting. Day lighting is brought about by admitting light from the sky, while artificial lighting provides illumination through external sources. The document also explores various day lighting strategies like windows, skylights, sawtooth roofs, and atriums. It examines case studies of architectural designs that effectively utilize natural lighting. The rest of the document covers day lighting calculations, ecofriendly artificial lighting options, and emerging lighting technologies.
This PhD thesis examines theoretical and practical aspects of typestate modeling in object-oriented languages. It presents the Hanoi modeling language for representing typestate constraints and describes a dynamic checker for Hanoi models implemented using AspectJ. The thesis also reports on a user study that evaluated whether programmers can effectively reason about typestate models. The study found that programmers were generally able to answer questions about typestate models, suggesting typestate is a comprehensible concept for developers. Overall, the thesis provides insights into making typestate modeling practical and usable in real-world programming.
This document is a dissertation submitted by Yu Chen for a Master of Science degree in materials engineering. It discusses graphene-bismuth ferrite (BFO) nanocomposites for potential photocatalytic applications. Chapter 1 introduces the topic and Chapter 2 provides a literature review on the synthesis and properties of reduced graphene oxide aerogels, BFO nanoparticles, and graphene-BFO nanocomposites. Chapter 3 describes the materials and methods for fabricating reduced graphene oxide aerogels using emulsion-templating and ice-templating, and for producing graphene-BFO nanocomposites. Chapters 4 and 5 will report and discuss the results of fabricating and characterizing these materials, and provide conclusions and
This document is the final report for a term project on site selection for a wind-solar hybrid power plant in Turkey. It includes an introduction, literature review of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods, comparison of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and ideal matter element method for this application, identification of relevant criteria and alternative locations, and application of the two MCDM methods to evaluate the alternative locations. The report contains tables, figures, and appendices with additional details like short biographies of experts consulted, solar and wind potentials of locations, and experts' answers to questionnaires.
This document is the preface and introduction to a book on the geometry of crystals. It provides an overview of topics that will be covered, which include orientation relationships, deformation, martensitic transformations, and interfaces. Notation and basic concepts are introduced, such as coordinate transformations, the reciprocal basis, homogeneous deformations, and interfaces. The martensite transformation in steels is used as a motivating example to introduce crystallographic methods. The introduction aims to outline the scope of the book and familiarize the reader with key terms and approaches, while keeping the mathematical content minimal.
Introduction_to modern algebra David_Joycevorticidad
This document is an introduction to modern algebra by David Joyce. It covers topics in fields, rings, groups and number theory. The author dedicates the book to his late friend and colleague Arthur Chou, who encouraged him to write it. The book contains chapters on fields, rings, groups and other algebraic structures and concepts such as isomorphisms, homomorphisms, ordered fields, and finite fields.
Rao probability theory with applicationsCaboGrosso
This document appears to be the contents page and preface for a textbook on probability theory titled "Probability Theory with Applications, Second Edition".
The preface discusses the organization of the textbook into three parts - foundations of probability theory, analytical aspects of probability, and applications of probability. It notes some revisions made for the second edition, including adding new material, omitting some original chapters, and reorganizing content for clearer focus. The goal remains providing a rigorous yet accessible graduate-level introduction to probability theory.
This document provides an overview of laser welding fundamentals, including:
- The three main types of lasers used for welding are neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG), fiber, and diode lasers. Nd:YAG lasers have the largest installed base for micro welding applications. Fiber lasers offer flexibility in weld dimensions and high penetration rates for high-speed welding. Diode lasers are commonly used for plastic and light metal welding.
- The principles of laser generation involve pumping a lasing medium to produce stimulated emission of coherent light waves within an optical resonator.
- Key factors that influence laser welding include parameters like power, wavelength
This document provides an overview of light and architecture. It discusses natural/day lighting versus artificial lighting. Day lighting is brought about by admitting light from the sky, while artificial lighting provides illumination through external sources. The document also explores various day lighting strategies like windows, skylights, sawtooth roofs, and atriums. It examines case studies of architectural designs that effectively utilize natural lighting. The rest of the document covers day lighting calculations, ecofriendly artificial lighting options, and emerging lighting technologies.
This PhD thesis examines theoretical and practical aspects of typestate modeling in object-oriented languages. It presents the Hanoi modeling language for representing typestate constraints and describes a dynamic checker for Hanoi models implemented using AspectJ. The thesis also reports on a user study that evaluated whether programmers can effectively reason about typestate models. The study found that programmers were generally able to answer questions about typestate models, suggesting typestate is a comprehensible concept for developers. Overall, the thesis provides insights into making typestate modeling practical and usable in real-world programming.
This document is a dissertation submitted by Yu Chen for a Master of Science degree in materials engineering. It discusses graphene-bismuth ferrite (BFO) nanocomposites for potential photocatalytic applications. Chapter 1 introduces the topic and Chapter 2 provides a literature review on the synthesis and properties of reduced graphene oxide aerogels, BFO nanoparticles, and graphene-BFO nanocomposites. Chapter 3 describes the materials and methods for fabricating reduced graphene oxide aerogels using emulsion-templating and ice-templating, and for producing graphene-BFO nanocomposites. Chapters 4 and 5 will report and discuss the results of fabricating and characterizing these materials, and provide conclusions and
This document is the final report for a term project on site selection for a wind-solar hybrid power plant in Turkey. It includes an introduction, literature review of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods, comparison of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and ideal matter element method for this application, identification of relevant criteria and alternative locations, and application of the two MCDM methods to evaluate the alternative locations. The report contains tables, figures, and appendices with additional details like short biographies of experts consulted, solar and wind potentials of locations, and experts' answers to questionnaires.
This document is the preface and introduction to a book on the geometry of crystals. It provides an overview of topics that will be covered, which include orientation relationships, deformation, martensitic transformations, and interfaces. Notation and basic concepts are introduced, such as coordinate transformations, the reciprocal basis, homogeneous deformations, and interfaces. The martensite transformation in steels is used as a motivating example to introduce crystallographic methods. The introduction aims to outline the scope of the book and familiarize the reader with key terms and approaches, while keeping the mathematical content minimal.
Solutions Manual for Linear Algebra A Modern Introduction 4th Edition by Davi...TanekGoodwinss
This document is a solutions manual for Linear Algebra: A Modern Introduction 4th Edition by David Poole. It contains full solutions to all chapters and explorations in the textbook. The solutions manual was prepared by Roger Lipsett and includes copyright information for Cengage Learning, the publisher of the textbook. It provides instructors and students the ability to check their work on problems from the textbook.
This document provides an introduction and overview of data structures and algorithms. It discusses linked lists, binary search trees, heaps, sets, queues, and the AVL tree data structure. It also covers sorting algorithms like merge sort, quicksort, and insertion sort as well as numeric algorithms for primality testing, base conversions, finding greatest common denominators, and more. The goal is to provide annotated references and examples of how to implement and use various common data structures and algorithms.
Design for public services- The fourth wayforumvirium
This document provides a literature review and proposes a framework for fostering public service design through multi-organizational entities. It discusses the current state of public service design, including challenges related to complex problems and governmental structures. The document also examines different types of multi-organizational partnerships and networks for designing services. Finally, it proposes that networks of interdisciplinary actors may provide a "fourth way" to design public services beyond traditional government and public-private partnerships.
(Springer optimization and its applications 37) eligius m.t. hendrix, boglárk...ssuserfa7e73
This document provides an introduction to the book "Introduction to Nonlinear and Global Optimization" by Eligius M.T. Hendrix and Boglárka G.-Tóth. It discusses the aims and scope of the book, which is to provide undergraduate and graduate textbooks focusing on algorithms for solving nonlinear optimization problems and their applications. The introduction also notes that optimization has expanded rapidly in recent decades with new techniques developed and its use diffusing into other disciplines. The book will cover topics like nonlinear optimization, network flow problems, stochastic optimization, and more.
"Stress is the psychological, physiological and behavioral response by an individual when they perceive a lack of equilibrium between the demands placed upon them and their ability to meet those demands, which, over a period of time, leads to ill-health."
Contrary to popular belief, stress itself is never a good thing. It is always harmful.
This document provides a literature review and research findings on dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) from a personal design project. The literature review covers the causes and effects of dysphagia, common treatments, and its prevalence among various health conditions such as cerebral palsy and stroke. Primary research involved observing an occupational therapist feeding a child with cerebral palsy and dysphagia. Key issues identified included the importance of proper positioning during feeding and the time-consuming nature of packing equipment for outings. The research aimed to understand the difficulties for both those with dysphagia and their caregivers to help inform new product designs.
System shear connector digunakan sebagai aplikasi dalam konstruksi bangunan untuk menghasilkan kekuatan coran beton lebih kuat dan stabil sesuai dengan perhitungan engineering civil. Dalam hal ini ada 2 hal perhitungan kekuatan secara umum yaitu kekuatan kelengketan stud pada batang baja sesudah dilas. Dan yang kedua adalah kekuatan stud bolt yang digunakan.
This document is an introduction to representation theory. It begins with basic notions such as what representation theory is, definitions of algebras, representations, ideals, quotients, and examples of algebras like quivers and Lie algebras. It then covers general results in representation theory, including representations of direct sums, filtrations, characters, and the Jordan-Holder and Krull-Schmidt theorems. Subsequent sections discuss representations of finite groups and quiver representations. The document concludes with an introduction to category theory concepts used in representation theory.
This design report summarizes the plans for a new interchange on Interstate 90 (Exit 31A) located between the existing exits 31 and 32 in Oneida County, New York. A traffic impact study was conducted and found increased traffic congestion on local roads warranting the new interchange to improve transportation. The proposed interchange design includes connecting Judd Road and Westmoreland Road to I-90. A new toll plaza will also be constructed. Sustainability and accessibility standards will be met. Cost estimates and a construction schedule have been developed.
This document provides detailed configuration steps for Materials Management in SAP. It describes settings for enterprise structure such as defining valuation level, plants, storage locations, and purchasing organizations. It also covers assignments of these organizational units and defining attributes for material master, types, and number ranges. The goal is to configure Materials Management according to the business requirements of ITZ.
This document provides an overview of the settings, styles, and content included in the AutoCAD Civil 3D 2013 UK and Ireland Country Kit. It includes layers, reports, drawing settings, object styles for various Civil 3D objects, tool palettes, design criteria, and a pipe and structure catalog. The author introduces the kit and provides guidance on customizing the templates for different organizations.
This document provides an introduction to queueing theory. It discusses key concepts such as random variables, probability distributions, performance measures, Little's law and the PASTA property. It then examines several common queueing models including the M/M/1, M/M/c, M/Er/1, M/G/1 and G/M/1 queues. For each model it derives the equilibrium distribution and discusses measures like mean queue length and waiting time. The goal is to give an overview of basic queueing theory concepts and common single-server and multi-server queues.
The document describes a thesis that used Monte Carlo simulations to compare three two-body potential energy models (Lennard-Jones, Morse, Erkoc) in modeling metallic clusters of copper, gold, and silver at various temperatures to achieve liquid properties. The Erkoc potential best demonstrated short-range ordering similar to experimental results, followed by Morse and Lennard-Jones. Simulations of fast quenching liquid clusters to 20°C maintained an absence of long-range order characteristic of amorphous metals.
This document provides guidance on how to design classes in object-oriented programming. It discusses various concepts related to classes including:
- Primitive data types versus classes and defining classes
- Class references and object containment
- Unions of classes and handling containment in unions
- Designing class hierarchies and inheritance
- Adding methods to classes and handling methods for different class structures
- Abstracting common properties using superclasses and interfaces
- Encapsulating state and ensuring classes preserve their integrity
- Designing classes to represent circular and mutable data
- Abstracting data representations using techniques like subtyping and generics
The document is intended as a reference for programmers to understand different aspects of class-based design and provides examples and
This document outlines the configuration steps needed to set up an SAP system for materials management. It includes defining organizational structures like plants and purchasing organizations, and assigning them to company codes. It also describes configuration for materials planning, purchasing processes like creating purchase requisitions and orders, and external services management. The document is a comprehensive guide to all the necessary master data and process definitions for basic materials management functionality in SAP.
Sap MM-configuration-step-by-step-guideVenet Dheer
The document outlines the detailed configuration steps taken to set up the SAP system for ITZ according to their business requirements, including defining plants, storage locations, purchasing organizations, assigning these to company codes, and configuring materials management, purchasing, inventory, and other logistics areas. Fields are assigned to selection groups and screens. Material types, numbers, texts and other attributes are defined.
From sound to grammar: theory, representations and a computational modelMarco Piccolino
This thesis contributes to the investigation of the sound-to-grammar mapping by developing a computational model in which complex acoustic patterns can be represented conveniently, and exploited for simulating the prediction of English prefixes by human listeners.
The model is rooted in the principles of rational analysis and Firthian prosodic analysis, and formulated in Bayesian terms. It is based on three core theoretical assumptions: first, that the goals to be achieved and the computations to be performed in speech recognition, as well as the representation and processing mechanisms recruited, crucially depend on the task a listener is facing, and on the environment in which the task occurs. Second, that whatever the task and the environment, the human speech recognition system behaves optimally with respect to them. Third, that internal representations of acoustic patterns are distinct from the linguistic categories associated with them.
The representational level exploits several tools and findings from the fields of machine learning and signal processing, and interprets them in the context of human speech recognition. Because of their suitability for the modelling task at hand, two tools are dealt with in particular: the relevance vector machine (Tipping, 2001), which is capable of simulating the formation of linguistic categories from complex acoustic spaces, and the auditory primal sketch (Todd, 1994), which is capable of extracting the multi-dimensional features of the acoustic signal that are connected to prominence and rhythm, and represent them in an integrated fashion. Model components based on these tools are designed, implemented and evaluated.
The implemented model, which accepts recordings of real speech as input, is compared in a simulation with the qualitative results of an eye-tracking experiment. The comparison provides useful insights about model behaviour, which are discussed.
Throughout the thesis, a clear distinction is drawn between the computational, representational and implementation devices adopted for model specification.
This document provides an overview and rules for playing a character in the Aldyryc campaign setting for Dungeons & Dragons 5th edition. It covers character creation aspects like ability scores, alignment, classes, races, skills, equipment, and more. Key details include:
- Races include anthropic races like dwarves, elves, halflings, and more exotic races like ikari and minos.
- Classes are divided into Dreamwarriors like paladins and rangers, Dreamweavers like magicians and mystics, and Warriors like fighters and rogues.
- Magicians can specialize in arcane crafts and gain magic through an organization called the Cer
These lecture notes were revised in 2019 by John Bullinaria of the University of Birmingham. They cover fundamental computer science topics like algorithms, data structures, searching, sorting, trees, graphs and more. The notes are divided into 12 chapters with sections on topics such as arrays, linked lists, recursion, binary search trees, hashing, and graph algorithms.
This document provides a design summary for a weir on the River Cauvery near Thottilpatti Village in India. It first provides background context on water supply in Vellore District. It then describes the proposed project to tap water from the Cauvery to supply 148, 181, and 215 million liters per day to meet present, intermediate, and ultimate water demand projections. The document outlines the design of the weir using Bligh theory to determine crest levels, weir lengths, water levels, and structural dimensions like floor thickness to prevent undermining. Design calculations for weir dimensions, uplift forces, and sheet pile depths are shown.
Solutions Manual for Linear Algebra A Modern Introduction 4th Edition by Davi...TanekGoodwinss
This document is a solutions manual for Linear Algebra: A Modern Introduction 4th Edition by David Poole. It contains full solutions to all chapters and explorations in the textbook. The solutions manual was prepared by Roger Lipsett and includes copyright information for Cengage Learning, the publisher of the textbook. It provides instructors and students the ability to check their work on problems from the textbook.
This document provides an introduction and overview of data structures and algorithms. It discusses linked lists, binary search trees, heaps, sets, queues, and the AVL tree data structure. It also covers sorting algorithms like merge sort, quicksort, and insertion sort as well as numeric algorithms for primality testing, base conversions, finding greatest common denominators, and more. The goal is to provide annotated references and examples of how to implement and use various common data structures and algorithms.
Design for public services- The fourth wayforumvirium
This document provides a literature review and proposes a framework for fostering public service design through multi-organizational entities. It discusses the current state of public service design, including challenges related to complex problems and governmental structures. The document also examines different types of multi-organizational partnerships and networks for designing services. Finally, it proposes that networks of interdisciplinary actors may provide a "fourth way" to design public services beyond traditional government and public-private partnerships.
(Springer optimization and its applications 37) eligius m.t. hendrix, boglárk...ssuserfa7e73
This document provides an introduction to the book "Introduction to Nonlinear and Global Optimization" by Eligius M.T. Hendrix and Boglárka G.-Tóth. It discusses the aims and scope of the book, which is to provide undergraduate and graduate textbooks focusing on algorithms for solving nonlinear optimization problems and their applications. The introduction also notes that optimization has expanded rapidly in recent decades with new techniques developed and its use diffusing into other disciplines. The book will cover topics like nonlinear optimization, network flow problems, stochastic optimization, and more.
"Stress is the psychological, physiological and behavioral response by an individual when they perceive a lack of equilibrium between the demands placed upon them and their ability to meet those demands, which, over a period of time, leads to ill-health."
Contrary to popular belief, stress itself is never a good thing. It is always harmful.
This document provides a literature review and research findings on dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) from a personal design project. The literature review covers the causes and effects of dysphagia, common treatments, and its prevalence among various health conditions such as cerebral palsy and stroke. Primary research involved observing an occupational therapist feeding a child with cerebral palsy and dysphagia. Key issues identified included the importance of proper positioning during feeding and the time-consuming nature of packing equipment for outings. The research aimed to understand the difficulties for both those with dysphagia and their caregivers to help inform new product designs.
System shear connector digunakan sebagai aplikasi dalam konstruksi bangunan untuk menghasilkan kekuatan coran beton lebih kuat dan stabil sesuai dengan perhitungan engineering civil. Dalam hal ini ada 2 hal perhitungan kekuatan secara umum yaitu kekuatan kelengketan stud pada batang baja sesudah dilas. Dan yang kedua adalah kekuatan stud bolt yang digunakan.
This document is an introduction to representation theory. It begins with basic notions such as what representation theory is, definitions of algebras, representations, ideals, quotients, and examples of algebras like quivers and Lie algebras. It then covers general results in representation theory, including representations of direct sums, filtrations, characters, and the Jordan-Holder and Krull-Schmidt theorems. Subsequent sections discuss representations of finite groups and quiver representations. The document concludes with an introduction to category theory concepts used in representation theory.
This design report summarizes the plans for a new interchange on Interstate 90 (Exit 31A) located between the existing exits 31 and 32 in Oneida County, New York. A traffic impact study was conducted and found increased traffic congestion on local roads warranting the new interchange to improve transportation. The proposed interchange design includes connecting Judd Road and Westmoreland Road to I-90. A new toll plaza will also be constructed. Sustainability and accessibility standards will be met. Cost estimates and a construction schedule have been developed.
This document provides detailed configuration steps for Materials Management in SAP. It describes settings for enterprise structure such as defining valuation level, plants, storage locations, and purchasing organizations. It also covers assignments of these organizational units and defining attributes for material master, types, and number ranges. The goal is to configure Materials Management according to the business requirements of ITZ.
This document provides an overview of the settings, styles, and content included in the AutoCAD Civil 3D 2013 UK and Ireland Country Kit. It includes layers, reports, drawing settings, object styles for various Civil 3D objects, tool palettes, design criteria, and a pipe and structure catalog. The author introduces the kit and provides guidance on customizing the templates for different organizations.
This document provides an introduction to queueing theory. It discusses key concepts such as random variables, probability distributions, performance measures, Little's law and the PASTA property. It then examines several common queueing models including the M/M/1, M/M/c, M/Er/1, M/G/1 and G/M/1 queues. For each model it derives the equilibrium distribution and discusses measures like mean queue length and waiting time. The goal is to give an overview of basic queueing theory concepts and common single-server and multi-server queues.
The document describes a thesis that used Monte Carlo simulations to compare three two-body potential energy models (Lennard-Jones, Morse, Erkoc) in modeling metallic clusters of copper, gold, and silver at various temperatures to achieve liquid properties. The Erkoc potential best demonstrated short-range ordering similar to experimental results, followed by Morse and Lennard-Jones. Simulations of fast quenching liquid clusters to 20°C maintained an absence of long-range order characteristic of amorphous metals.
This document provides guidance on how to design classes in object-oriented programming. It discusses various concepts related to classes including:
- Primitive data types versus classes and defining classes
- Class references and object containment
- Unions of classes and handling containment in unions
- Designing class hierarchies and inheritance
- Adding methods to classes and handling methods for different class structures
- Abstracting common properties using superclasses and interfaces
- Encapsulating state and ensuring classes preserve their integrity
- Designing classes to represent circular and mutable data
- Abstracting data representations using techniques like subtyping and generics
The document is intended as a reference for programmers to understand different aspects of class-based design and provides examples and
This document outlines the configuration steps needed to set up an SAP system for materials management. It includes defining organizational structures like plants and purchasing organizations, and assigning them to company codes. It also describes configuration for materials planning, purchasing processes like creating purchase requisitions and orders, and external services management. The document is a comprehensive guide to all the necessary master data and process definitions for basic materials management functionality in SAP.
Sap MM-configuration-step-by-step-guideVenet Dheer
The document outlines the detailed configuration steps taken to set up the SAP system for ITZ according to their business requirements, including defining plants, storage locations, purchasing organizations, assigning these to company codes, and configuring materials management, purchasing, inventory, and other logistics areas. Fields are assigned to selection groups and screens. Material types, numbers, texts and other attributes are defined.
From sound to grammar: theory, representations and a computational modelMarco Piccolino
This thesis contributes to the investigation of the sound-to-grammar mapping by developing a computational model in which complex acoustic patterns can be represented conveniently, and exploited for simulating the prediction of English prefixes by human listeners.
The model is rooted in the principles of rational analysis and Firthian prosodic analysis, and formulated in Bayesian terms. It is based on three core theoretical assumptions: first, that the goals to be achieved and the computations to be performed in speech recognition, as well as the representation and processing mechanisms recruited, crucially depend on the task a listener is facing, and on the environment in which the task occurs. Second, that whatever the task and the environment, the human speech recognition system behaves optimally with respect to them. Third, that internal representations of acoustic patterns are distinct from the linguistic categories associated with them.
The representational level exploits several tools and findings from the fields of machine learning and signal processing, and interprets them in the context of human speech recognition. Because of their suitability for the modelling task at hand, two tools are dealt with in particular: the relevance vector machine (Tipping, 2001), which is capable of simulating the formation of linguistic categories from complex acoustic spaces, and the auditory primal sketch (Todd, 1994), which is capable of extracting the multi-dimensional features of the acoustic signal that are connected to prominence and rhythm, and represent them in an integrated fashion. Model components based on these tools are designed, implemented and evaluated.
The implemented model, which accepts recordings of real speech as input, is compared in a simulation with the qualitative results of an eye-tracking experiment. The comparison provides useful insights about model behaviour, which are discussed.
Throughout the thesis, a clear distinction is drawn between the computational, representational and implementation devices adopted for model specification.
This document provides an overview and rules for playing a character in the Aldyryc campaign setting for Dungeons & Dragons 5th edition. It covers character creation aspects like ability scores, alignment, classes, races, skills, equipment, and more. Key details include:
- Races include anthropic races like dwarves, elves, halflings, and more exotic races like ikari and minos.
- Classes are divided into Dreamwarriors like paladins and rangers, Dreamweavers like magicians and mystics, and Warriors like fighters and rogues.
- Magicians can specialize in arcane crafts and gain magic through an organization called the Cer
These lecture notes were revised in 2019 by John Bullinaria of the University of Birmingham. They cover fundamental computer science topics like algorithms, data structures, searching, sorting, trees, graphs and more. The notes are divided into 12 chapters with sections on topics such as arrays, linked lists, recursion, binary search trees, hashing, and graph algorithms.
This document provides a design summary for a weir on the River Cauvery near Thottilpatti Village in India. It first provides background context on water supply in Vellore District. It then describes the proposed project to tap water from the Cauvery to supply 148, 181, and 215 million liters per day to meet present, intermediate, and ultimate water demand projections. The document outlines the design of the weir using Bligh theory to determine crest levels, weir lengths, water levels, and structural dimensions like floor thickness to prevent undermining. Design calculations for weir dimensions, uplift forces, and sheet pile depths are shown.
This document outlines the course details for Engineering Hydrology (CE-235) at NUST Institute of Civil Engineering. The course will be taught by Engr. Sajjad Ahmad and covers principles of surface water and groundwater hydrology over 22 lectures. Topics include the hydrologic cycle, precipitation measurement, runoff analysis, streamflow routing, groundwater flow principles, well hydraulics, and tube well construction. Students will be assessed through assignments, quizzes, midterms, and a final exam.
2150602 hwre 150113106007-008 (HYDROLOGY & WATER RESOURCE ENGINEERING)Jaydeep Dave
This document provides information on hydrologic analysis and flood estimation techniques. It discusses design floods such as the spillway design flood, standard project flood, and probable maximum flood. Methods of flood estimation described include empirical formulas, the rational method, flood frequency analysis, watershed models, and the unit hydrograph approach. Flood routing techniques are also summarized, including reservoir routing using the continuity equation and channel routing accounting for prism and wedge storage volumes. References used in preparing the document are listed.
This document provides an introduction to flood frequency analysis, which uses historical flood data to estimate the probability and recurrence intervals of future floods of given magnitudes. It discusses how flood frequency analysis is necessary for cost-effective design of bridges, dams, and other structures, as well as flood insurance and zoning. Two common methods for collecting flood data are described: annual peaks and partial duration series. Statistical approaches like the Weibull formula are commonly used to analyze the data and construct flood frequency curves showing the relationship between discharge magnitude and probability or recurrence interval.
Rod Swanson has over 30 years of experience leading creative teams across various industries. He has managed teams that have created award-winning and bestselling products, online services, and large-scale video productions and events. Throughout his career, he has held leadership roles at several companies, where he was responsible for departments, projects with multimillion-dollar budgets, and global teams. He has a proven track record of success in creative direction, product design, marketing, and brand management.
This dissertation examines factors that influence Hispanic participation in higher education in Texas. The study analyzes institutional data from states with large Hispanic populations to develop a predictive model. The goal is to identify variables that impact college enrollment and graduation rates among Hispanics in Texas in order to inform efforts to increase participation. Limitations include relying on aggregate data that may obscure individual experiences, while the focus on prevalent Hispanic states limits generalizability. However, findings could help target policies and resources to expand higher education opportunity for Hispanics, an increasingly large portion of Texas' population.
The document summarizes the work of the Center for Children and Families at FIU. The Center is committed to improving lives through research on child and adolescent mental health disorders. Its goals are to advance understanding of these issues, develop and test effective treatments, and train researchers and clinicians. The document then outlines some of the Center's major projects, including branding materials, websites, social media, and messaging collateral. It provides examples of logos considered, an issues list for the brochure, and statistics on engagement for the Center's Facebook and Twitter accounts.
This document groups companies and products within the three divisions of the Weir Group: Minerals, Oil and Gas, and Power and Industrial. Within each division, the products are organized into groups based on their service conditions and uses. The goal is to apply appropriate design methods to each group to facilitate innovative problem solving. Considering related products together allows innovations in one area to potentially benefit other areas.
The document provides a design brief for developing commuter headphones. It includes background on the growing headphone market and target commuter demographic. Market research shows commuting time in the UK averages 27 minutes. The project aims to generate sales for commuters in "Travel to Work Areas" across the UK. Research on target customers, competitors, and industry trends is presented. Key requirements are that the headphones are desirable, easy to use, and eye-catching to encourage word-of-mouth marketing. The target market is identified as 25-35 year old commuters living in London and surrounding areas earning around £30,000 annually.
What is it good for? Absolutely something! Remote, unmoderated usability stud...BoulderLisaS
The document discusses remote, unmoderated usability testing. It provides tips for conducting this type of testing such as documenting known issues, suspecting potential problems, beta testing to validate functionality, getting feedback on wording, and learning about unknown issues. A list of automated usability testing tools is also included. The document encourages trying out these techniques and provides tactical tips for pilots, written responses, and counterbalancing studies.
Shadaab Ahmed Munshi has over 14 years of experience in restaurant management, operations, and marketing, having held positions such as Restaurant General Manager at Pizza Hut India and Assistant Manager at Burger King in Dubai. He is currently working as an Online Senior Marketing Executive, where he is responsible for marketing planning, business development, and strategic planning. Munshi has a proven track record of improving sales, reducing costs, and achieving business goals across multiple restaurant brands.
This document is a curriculum vitae or resume for Suresh R Singh. It outlines his career objective, performance highlights, experience working on infrastructure projects in India and abroad, and responsibilities in various roles on those projects. His experience includes working as a resident engineer on metro rail projects in Saudi Arabia and as a project engineer, construction manager, and project manager on metro rail and other infrastructure projects in India.
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Introduction to Objectual Philosophy or Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. You can read or download the book from http://filosofia.obiectuala.ro/en/
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Stochastic Processes and Simulations – A Machine Learning Perspectivee2wi67sy4816pahn
Written for machine learning practitioners, software engineers and other analytic professionals interested in expanding their toolset and mastering the art. Discover state-of-the-art techniques explained in simple English, applicable to many modern problems, especially related to spatial processes and pattern recognition. This textbook includes numerous visualization techniques (for instance, data animations using video libraries in R), a true test of independence, simple illustration of dual confidence regions (more intuitive than the classic version), minimum contrast estimation (a simple generic estimation technique encompassing maximum likelihood), model fitting techniques, and much more. The scope of the material extends far beyond stochastic processes.
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SSTRM - StrategicReviewGroup.ca - Workshop 2: Power/Energy and Sustainability...Phil Carr
This document describes the Power/Energy/Sustainability workshop which was part of the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap initiative to identify technologies that could contribute to a superior soldier system. The workshop focused on power/energy as it is a key enabler of soldier capabilities. Participants identified six potential collaborative projects in areas like power standards, storage, and fuel cells.
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national computer engineering diploma at the National School of Engineers of Carthage. The goal of
this project is to create an Ethereum based application to perform Mutual Fund operation by increasing
the security and transparency in mutual fund shares management as well as reducing transaction cost
and time consuming.
________________________________________________
Ce travail fait partie du projet de fin d’études réalisé au sein de l’entreprise Talan Tunisie en vue
d’otention du diplôme national d’ingénieur en informatique de l’École nationale des ingénieurs de
Carthage. L’objectif de ce projet est de créer une application basée sur Ethereum afin d’exécuter des
opérations de fonds communs de placement en renforçant la sécurité et la transparence de la gestion des
parts de fonds communs de placement, ainsi qu’en réduisant les coûts de transaction et le temps requis.
Machine learning solutions for transportation networksbutest
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Machine learning solutions for transportation networksbutest
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Capturing Knowledge Of User Preferences With Recommender SystemsMegaVjohnson
This document is a mini-thesis submitted by Stuart E. Middleton for transfer of registration from an M.Phil to a Ph.D. It explores capturing user preferences with recommender systems. The mini-thesis contains 7 chapters that review interface agents and recommender systems, describe the Quickstep and Foxtrot recommender systems developed by the author, and experimental evaluations of these systems. The author's contribution is in developing novel recommender systems to help with information overload by inferring user preferences.
Encouraging STEM Engagement among young people is important as demand for STEM skills grows. However, schools face shortages of STEM teachers, limiting their ability to provide STEM education. To promote STEM participation, an educational kit is needed for extra-curricular use by youth organizations for 14-19 year olds. Research found current products have problems and many youth do not engage in STEM activities. The proposed kit aims to address these issues.
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1. A RESEARCH PROJECT BETWEEN THE WEIR GROUP PLC AND THE UNIVERSITY OF STRATHCLYDE
Silver Bullet Matrices
The Use of Design Methods Towards Innovative Problem Solving
Solutions in an Engineering Context
Kerrie Noble, 3rd Year PDE, Department of Design Manufacture and Engineering Management
Dr. Hilary Grierson, Department of Design Manufacture and Engineering Management
Abstract: This document looks at the silver bullet process and aligns the company groupings, as shown in document 1, with suitable design methods and
tools, as outlined in document 2, which can be used when necessary throughout the silver bullet process.
13/11/2012
2. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 1
Table of Contents
Project Overview.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 3
Document 3 Overview ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Review of the Silver Bullet Process.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7
Design Methods and Tools for the Silver Bullet Process ................................................................................................................................................................. 8
Weir Group Minerals Division – Silver Bullet Matrix ..................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Matrix 1 – The Current Situation ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Weir Group Minerals Division – Silver Bullet Matrix ..................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Matrix 2 – What could be Different? ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Weir Group Minerals Division – Silver Bullet Matrix ..................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Matrix 3 – Evaluation................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 23
Weir Group Minerals Division – Silver Bullet Matrix ..................................................................................................................................................................... 25
Matrix 4 – Development ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 25
Weir Group Minerals Division – Silver Bullet Matrix ..................................................................................................................................................................... 27
Matrix 5 – Implementation........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 27
Weir Group Oil and Gas Division – Silver Bullet Matrix................................................................................................................................................................. 29
Matrix 1 – The Current Situation ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 29
Weir Group Oil and Gas Division – Silver Bullet Matrix................................................................................................................................................................. 33
Matrix 2 – What could be Different? ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 33
Weir Group Oil and Gas Division – Silver Bullet Matrix................................................................................................................................................................. 39
Matrix 3 – Evaluation................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 39
Weir Group Oil and Gas Division – Silver Bullet Matrix................................................................................................................................................................. 41
3. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 2
Matrix 4 – Development ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 41
Weir Group Oil and Gas Division – Silver Bullet Matrix................................................................................................................................................................. 43
Matrix 5 – Implementation........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 43
Weir Group Power and Industrial Division – Silver Bullet Matrix.................................................................................................................................................. 45
Matrix 1 – The Current Situation ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 45
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 48
Weir Group Power and Industrial Division – Silver Bullet Matrix.................................................................................................................................................. 49
Matrix 2 – What could be Different? ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 49
Weir Group Power and Industrial Division – Silver Bullet Matrix.................................................................................................................................................. 54
Matrix 3 – Evaluation................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 54
Weir Group Power and Industrial Division – Silver Bullet Matrix.................................................................................................................................................. 56
Matrix 4 – Development ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 56
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 58
Weir Group Power and Industrial Division – Silver Bullet Matrix.................................................................................................................................................. 59
Matrix 5 – Implementation........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 59
4. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 3
Project Overview
Research
DeliverableDocument1
–ThreeDivisions
Research
Deliverable
Document2
Company Groupings
Minerals
Division
Oil and Gas
Division
Power and
Industrial
Division
Review of Design Methods
and Tools
5. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 4
Analysis
DeliverableDocument3–3Design
Matrices
Analysis
Report
DeliverableDocument4–Reportand
Appendices
Report
Review of Weir’s Silver Bullet Process
Silver Bullet
Table
Minerals Division
Matrix
Oil and Gas
Division Matrix
Power and
Industrial Division
Matrix
Project Overview Diagram
6. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 5
Document 3 Overview
Document 3 contains the design matrices for each of the Weir’s Divisions. Each division has 5 matrices which correspond to the 5 stages of the Silver Bullet
process: the assessment of the current situation, assessing what could be made different, evaluation of innovative ideas, further development of innovative
ideas and the implementation of these ideas. Each matrix lists the company groupings, which were explained in deliverable document 1, and the design
methods and tools, which were explored in deliverable document 2. The matrices then identify the most suitable design methods to be used during two
different types of innovative projects, a new design project, where the aim is to introduce a new product to the market, and a re-design project, where an
existing product is changed or improved.
The rating system used throughout the matrices is based on a 1 – 5 scale, where 1 identifies the most suitable design method and 5 is the least suitable. For
ease of use only design methods being identified as 1 or 2 on the scale have been shown and explained. To help distinguish between the two different
innovation projects and the consequences this may have on the use of particular design methods, a colour coding system has been used. Green indicates
the suitability for use within new design innovation projects and yellow indicates the suitability of the design method to be used in re-design innovation
projects.
7. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 6
8. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 7
Review of the Silver Bullet Process
Figure 1: The current Silver Bullet process used by the Weir Group PLC.
This diagram outlines the four key stages in the Silver
Bullet process used by the Weir Group PLC.
The diagram describes how the process and
particular design methods and tools are currently
used within the organisation.
9. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 8
Design Methods and Tools for the Silver Bullet Process
Figure 2 outlines the sections of the current Silver bullet process used by the Weir Group PLC and lists the design methods and tools, as outlined in
document 2, which can be used to help the innovation process within each of these sections.
Weir Group PLC – Silver Bullet
Idea Generation
Evaluation Development ImplementationWhat do we know about today’s
current situation?
How could it be different? What barriers
need to be removed?
SWOT Analysis Needs Analysis De Bono’s Six Thinking Hats Paper Prototyping PDS
PESTEL Analysis Attribute Listing/Matrix Analysis Interactive Case Studies Rapid Prototyping Design Brief
Parametric Analysis Benchmarking Perspective-based Inspection TRIZ Hierarchical Task Analysis
Fly-On-The-Wall Focus Group Backcasting/Future Landscape Life Cycle Analysis Action Plans
Observation and Shadowing Empathic Modelling The User/Task Matrix Spatial Prototyping Gantt Chart
Individual Interviews Immersive Workshop Laddering Questions DFMA Bill of Materials
Questionnaires and Surveys Intervention/provocation The Magic Thing Value Analysis
Collective Visualisation/Interactive
Networks
Organisational Documents Pseudo-Documentary Collective Filtering Value Engineering Network Mapping
Day In The Life Scenario Screening and Scoring Experimental Analysis Environment Mapping
Design Probe User Forum Dot Sticking/Personal/Anonymous Voting P-Diagram Community Documentation
Design Persona Ergonomic Analysis Controlled Convergence Matrix FMEA
Video Ethnography KANO Model Weighting and Rating Matrix Sustainable Consumption
Web Forum Function Means Tree Dematerialisation
Porter’s Five Forces Quality Function Deployment Biomimicry
Assessing Capability Levels Anthropometric Analysis Cradle to Cradle
5 Whys? Longitudinal Study Environmental Impact Assessment
Diary Study Affinity Diagramming Cleaner Production
Photo Study KLM-GOMS (Keystroke-Level Model GOMS) Design for Environment
Claims Analysis Brainstorming Life Cycle Cost
Cognitive Task Analysis Free Listing Critical to Quality
Teach back Metaphor Brainstorming Dewhurst and Boothroyd
Storyboard Brain drawing Design for Maintenance
Postcard Portraits Brain writing Activity Based Costing
Yes, and… Card Sorting Pareto Costing
10. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 9
Weir Group PLC – Silver Bullet
Idea Generation
Evaluation Development ImplementationWhat do we know about today’s
current situation?
How could it be different? What barriers
need to be removed?
Root Cause Analysis/Error Analysis Function Allocation
Process Sketches Parallel Design
Participatory Design
SCAMPER
Word Association
Lateral Thinking
6-3-5 Brainstorming/Carousel
Morphological Chart
Force Fitting
Body Storming
Reversal
Synectics
User Interface Race
3D Concept Mapping
Multi-Dimensional Mapping
Physical Problem Solving
Geographic Ideation
Figure 2: Design methods and tools for each stage of the Silver Bullet process.
11. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 10
Weir Group Minerals Division – Silver Bullet Matrix
Matrix 1 – The Current Situation
Matrix 1 within the Weir’s Minerals Division details the design tools and methods used within the first stage of the Silver Bullet methodology, the current
situation.
The matrix explains how the most suitable design methods can be used within each of the 8 groups within this division, see document 1 for more details on
each of the groups in the Weir’s Minerals Division.
Weir Group Minerals Division Silver Bullet Matrix 1
Design Methods Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Group 8
Current Situation
SWOT Analysis
(1) This method should be conducted for all groups before embarking on any new design project. It is useful for gauging the strengths and weaknesses of the current situation and whether
the current solution is a successful in what it does. It also allows for the opportunity to identify opportunities for niche gaps and improvements within the product and product ranges while
also identifying threats. This is the best place to start for any project as it allows a reflective analysis to take place. To be effective it must be conducted by a cross-functional team with no
limitations to criticism or input.
PESTEL Analysis
(2) This method is useful mainly for design projects which involve producing products from scratch, with no previous models in existence, so the company can expand its product portfolio. It
allows good insight into available technology and legislation restrictions. For most other projects it is quicker and easier to use the SWOT analysis tool for simply improving upon an existing
design, although it should be remembered that legislation may have changed in the area of use for that product so this area should be considered also alongside the normal SWOT categories.
Parametric Analysis
(1) Parametric analysis within
this group, concentrating on
products associated with
milling, will help identify the
competitors within this
market. As this group also
includes both pumps and
liners, it will help give a
clearer understanding of the
interrelationships and
parameters concerned with
the combining of the two
products.
(1) Parametric analysis
within this group,
concentrating on products
associated with use within
the gas industry, will help
identify the competitors
within this market.
(1) Parametric analysis within
this group, concentrating on
products associated with the
petrochemical and nuclear
industry, will help identify the
competitors within this
market. As this group also
includes both pumps and
valves, it will help give a
clearer understanding of the
interrelationships and
parameters concerned with
the combining of the two
products.
Fly-On-The-Wall
(2) Using a combination of
these methods within this
group may help to give a
12. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 11
Weir Group Minerals Division Silver Bullet Matrix 1
Design Methods Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Group 8
Current Situation
Observation and
Shadowing
better idea of the
customers' requirements in
order to produce a more
tailored design. Using a
combination will help give
a bigger, more partial view
of procedures.
Individual
Interviews
Questionnaires and
Surveys
(1) Questionnaires and surveys within any of these groups can be used to help provide information to contribute to the needs analysis in the following section.
Organisational
Documents
(1) Using organisational documents within any of these organisational product groups can help to accurately identify problems with current products, giving
statistics such as the most commonly occurring problem.
Day In The Life
Design Probe
Design Persona
(1) Using this method
within this group will help
to collate all the data given
by the customer into a
single, sharable document,
which can be passed easily
between organisational
departments, and clearly
outlines and summarises
the aims and needs of the
design project.
Video Ethnography
Web Forum
(1) All of these product groups have very specific service conditions associated with them. Due to this, product design within these groups will need detailed specific knowledge on specific
areas. The easiest and most accessible way of gaining an insight into a specific topic related to any of these product groups is by using a web forum. This method can be applied, when
needed, to any of these product groups.
13. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 12
Weir Group Minerals Division Silver Bullet Matrix 1
Design Methods Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Group 8
Current Situation
Porter's Five Forces
(2) If new design products in any of these product groupings are undertaken in a design project, it will be essential to understand the current climate and
difficulties within the market sector that any of the products will target on completion. Using this method alongside the PESTEL method will ensure every detail
about the market sector for each product is covered in detail. This will help avoid misplacing products within a market or misjudging current difficulties within
the market.
Assessing Capability
Levels
5 Whys?
(1) The use of the 5 whys? Method within any of these groups will encourage the design team to think deeper about problems and issues occurring within the
product. The constant asking of 'why?' will lead them to a greater understanding of the problem and what, how and when it was caused, this will hopefully lead
to the listing of possible solutions of how each identified problem can be overcome. This method should use the output information from any organisational
documents detailing problems as its information input.
Diary Study
Photo Study
Claims Analysis
Cognitive Task
Analysis
Teach back
Storyboard
Postcard Portraits
Yes, and...
(2) This method can be used in any group for any design project. It should be used to develop a detail situation of use the product may face and to obtain more specific requirements than
those generated from customer viewpoints.
Root Cause
Analysis/Error
Analysis
(1) Root Cause Analysis/Error Analysis within each of these groups will help identify all areas where problems, issues and failures occur within the current
product. Completing this method will produce a comprehensive list of possible failure scenarios alongside causes throughout all the stages of the
product's/service's production. By identifying all of these possibilities, the design team will be able to analyse the results and produce solutions to improve any
new design/redesign project to avoid the occurrence of these issues in future.
14. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 13
Weir Group Minerals Division Silver Bullet Matrix 1
Design Methods Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Group 8
Current Situation
Process Sketches
(1) The product group
contains both pumps and
valves associated with
severe service use. By
using the method of
process sketching, the
process that both of
these products must go
through to achieve their
objective can be
visualised by the design
team. This can highlight
how the pump and valve
must work together,
leading to innovations to
improve both products
and how they work
together.
(1) The product group
contains a pump and a liner
associated with use in milling
operations. By using the
method of process sketching,
the process that both of these
products must go through to
achieve their objective can be
visualised by the design team.
This can highlight how the
pump and liner must work
together, leading to
innovations to improve both
products and how they work
together, also leading to an
improved and more efficient
milling process.
(1) The product group
contains both pumps and
valves associated with use in
the petrochemical and nuclear
industries. By using the
method of process sketching,
the process that both of these
products must go through to
achieve their objective can be
visualised by the design team.
This can highlight how the
pump and valve must work
together, leading to
innovations to improve both
products and how they work
together.
(1) As an engineered-to-
order product will be made
for a specific purpose for a
client, the main objective
behind using this method
will be to fully understand
and visualise the process in
which the customer wants
to use the product. This
will help tailor designs so
they are suitable for the
purpose they were
intended.
Table 1: Design methods/tools and company groupings used during stage 1 of the Silver Bullet process in Weir’s Minerals Division.
15. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 14
Weir Group Minerals Division – Silver Bullet Matrix
Matrix 2 – What could be Different?
Matrix 2 within the Weir’s Minerals Division details the design tools and methods used within the second stage of the Silver Bullet methodology, assessing
how the design of products and services could be different.
The matrix explains how the most suitable design methods can be used within each of the 8 groups within this division, see document 1 for more details on
each of the groups in the Weir’s Minerals Division.
Weir Group Minerals Division Silver Bullet Matrix 2
Design Methods Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Group 8
What could be different?
Needs Analysis
(1) This method needs to be used/considered within any project. Consideration of the customers' needs is key to the success of the product/service. It should be used regardless of the
design task, including both redesign and new design projects.
Attribute Listing/Matrix
Analysis
(1) This method
will work well for
group one,
allowing detailed,
in-depth focus on
each individual
component of the
pumps (and air
booster) within
this group to be
considered with
minute detail in
order to identify
how each
component can
be improved.
(1) This method will
work well for group
two, allowing
detailed, in-depth
focus on each
individual
component of the
pumps and valves
within this group to
be considered with
minute detail in
order to identify
how each
component can be
improved.
(1) This method will
work well for group
three, allowing
detailed, in-depth
focus on each
individual
component of the
pump and liner,
concerned with
milling, within this
group to be
considered with
minute detail in
order to identify
how each
component can be
improved.
(1) This method
will work well for
group four;
allowing detailed,
in-depth focus on
each individual
component of the
pumps within this
group to be
considered with
minute detail in
order to identify
how each
component can be
improved.
(1) This method will
work well for group
five; allowing
detailed, in-depth
focus on each
individual
component of the
pump within this
group to be
considered with
minute detail in
order to identify
how each
component can be
improved.
(1) This method will
work well for group
six; allowing
detailed, in-depth
focus on each
individual
component of the
hydro cyclones
within this group to
be considered with
minute detail in
order to identify
how each
component can be
improved.
(1) This method will
work well for group
seven, allowing
detailed, in-depth
focus on each
individual
component of the
pumps and valves
within this group to
be considered with
minute detail in
order to identify
how each
component can be
improved.
16. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 15
Weir Group Minerals Division Silver Bullet Matrix 2
Design Methods Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Group 8
What could be different?
Benchmarking
(2) As this group has
a small and limited
product portfolio,
benchmarking will
help when
redesigning or
considering a new
design. As little
knowledge can be
gathered from a
small number of
products,
benchmarking 'best
practice' within
other groups in the
organisation, and
indeed out with the
organisation will
greatly improve
access to
information and
help improve the
design by increasing
the knowledge
behind the area of
milling.
(2) As this group has
a small and limited
product portfolio,
benchmarking will
help when
redesigning or
considering a new
design. As little
knowledge can be
gathered from a
small number of
products,
benchmarking 'best
practice' within
other groups in the
organisation, and
indeed out with the
organisation will
greatly improve
access to
information and
help improve the
design by increasing
the knowledge
behind product use
in the gas industry.
(2) As this group has
a small and limited
product portfolio,
benchmarking will
help when
redesigning or
considering a new
design. As little
knowledge can be
gathered from a
small number of
products,
benchmarking 'best
practice' within
other groups in the
organisation, and
indeed out with the
organisation will
greatly improve
access to
information and
help improve the
design by increasing
the knowledge
behind the area of
separation.
(2) As this group has
a small and limited
product portfolio,
benchmarking will
help when
redesigning or
considering a new
design. As little
knowledge can be
gathered from a
small number of
products,
benchmarking 'best
practice' within
other groups in the
organisation, and
indeed out with the
organisation will
greatly improve
access to
information and help
improve the design
by increasing the
knowledge behind
product use in the
petrochemical and
nuclear industry.
17. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 16
Weir Group Minerals Division Silver Bullet Matrix 2
Design Methods Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Group 8
What could be different?
Focus Group
(2) Using a focus
group within this
group may help to
confirm the findings
from the fly-on-the-
wall and
observation and
shadowing
methods. It will
allow input from a
variety of people to
add to what
information has
already been
gathered.
Empathic Modelling
Immersive Workshop
(2) For these product groups, using an immersive workshop is a great way to convey possible design ideas to potential customers and other workers within the
organisation. It also helps the design team gain constructive feedback quickly, allowing them to work on improvements immediately. It can be used for both
redesign and new design projects, however is more useful within new design projects.
(1) As this group is
primarily focused
on engineered-to-
order products,
then every project
is likely to be a new
design project. This
method provides
the best way to get
customer feedback
at an early stage so
improvements can
be made to avoid
incurring
unnecessary costs
late in the process.
Intervention/Provocation
Pseudo-Documentary (1) Combining these two methods will provide the best outcome. In each of these product groups there are many different service areas where failure of the
product could be catastrophic. In order to be prepared for any situation, this must be built into the design. This can be done easily with the use of both of these
methods. Each area; water/fluid service, severe service, milling, medium duty service, gas, separation, petrochemical and nuclear use will all need to be
considered individually, to have a detailed completed outcome, then separate products and components should also be considered on an individual basis.Scenario
18. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 17
Weir Group Minerals Division Silver Bullet Matrix 2
Design Methods Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Group 8
What could be different?
User Forum
(1) This method is
best used within
this product group
as the design
project is based on
individual customer
orders. To retain
the customer needs
within the thought
of the design team,
and the design
itself, then input
from the customer
at every stage of
the design process
is useful. A user
forum is an easy
and accessible way
of achieving this.
Ergonomic Analysis
19. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 18
Weir Group Minerals Division Silver Bullet Matrix 2
Design Methods Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Group 8
What could be different?
KANO Model
(2) If the design project within these product groupings is a new design project, then customer needs and attributes must be identified and prioritised into the
categories associated with KANO this will ensure the best customer satisfaction when the product is released to market.
(1) The design
project within this
product grouping
will always benefit
from the use of the
KANO method. The
customer needs and
attributes must be
identified and
prioritised into the
categories
associated with
KANO; this will
ensure the best
customer
satisfaction when
the engineered-to-
order product is
delivered to the
customer.
Function Means Tree
(2) In a design project within any of these product groupings it can be beneficial to take a step back and look at the simplest product functions in order to both improve the product and
improve individual components to ensure they perform the simplest level of task expected from the product. This method will help gain understanding of functions on every level, from
the most complex to the simplest.
Quality Function
Deployment
(2) This method is essential for use in these product groupings, 1-7, when a new design project is being undertaken. It will not be as effective in a redesign project
as the customer needs will already have been translated into functions, in this type of project the components providing the function are of more concern, trying
to improve and develop these will be the main focus of the project.
(1) Using this design
method in group 8
is essential to the
development of the
product for the
customer. This
method will help
the design team
make the jump
from customer
needs to functions
within the product.
Anthropometric Analysis
20. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 19
Weir Group Minerals Division Silver Bullet Matrix 2
Design Methods Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Group 8
What could be different?
Longitudinal Study
(2) This method can be useful for identifying how the changes to the product or processes affect the use of the product over a prolonged period of time in order
to help improve future designs.
Affinity Diagramming
(1) This method is
most effective
when undertaking a
medium to large
new design project,
which makes it
suitable for use
within group 8
which concerns
engineered-to-
order products.
The information
coming from the
design team can be
ordered, structured
and tasks delegated
with efficiency after
the completion of
this method.
KLM-GOMS (Keystroke-
Level Model GOMS)
Brainstorming
(1) Brainstorming is a quick and easy way of assembling ideas during every stage of the design process and within any type of design project. In order to have an effective brainstorming
session, the outcome must be clearly identified and a good cross-functional team used.
Free Listing
Metaphor Brainstorming
Brain drawing This method could be combined within a brainstorming session, allowing participants to both write and draw ideas although use specifically on its own may alienate some participants.
Brain writing
Card Sorting
21. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 20
Weir Group Minerals Division Silver Bullet Matrix 2
Design Methods Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Group 8
What could be different?
Function Allocation
(2) This method can
be used alongside
the function means
tree. The functions
identified here can
be used as the input
and decisions can
be made on how
those functions will
be performed.
Parallel Design
(2) Working on designs alongside each other in any of these groups during a new design project will be beneficial, it will ensure that the best design option is
chosen, components from different designs may be able to be combined, if only one design option was available it would limit the output and possibly decrease
the quality of output.
(1) Parallel design is
important when
trying to produce a
tailor-made design
for a customer, if
sections of the
design team are
working on designs
alongside each
other, then more
design options will
be available for the
customer to give
feedback on,
allowing the
customer to have
input and give them
more than one
choice.
22. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 21
Weir Group Minerals Division Silver Bullet Matrix 2
Design Methods Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Group 8
What could be different?
Participatory Design
(1) Participatory
design in product
group 8 is more
necessary than any
of the other groups
as the product is
being designed for a
particular user for a
specific use.
Without customer
input and
participation,
customer
satisfaction with the
finished product
will be low.
SCAMPER
Word Association
Lateral Thinking
6-3-5 Brainstorming
(1) For specific use within design idea generation then 6-3-5 brainstorming should be used. This the most effective way of producing a large number of ideas but also allows for
individuals within the design team to take others ideas and improve them as the brainstorming session continues. It produces a higher quality of output and is more efficient than the
general method of brainstorming.
Morphological Chart
(2) A morphological chart is the best option for collating different design ideas for specific component and trying to combine them into one design idea for a product. This method is only
best used within new design projects and the engineered-to-order group as it provides a structured, impartial way of pulling together ideas and helping to improve them.
Force Fitting
Body Storming
Reversal
Synectics
User Interface Race
3D Concept
Mapping/Multi-
Dimensional Mapping
23. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 22
Weir Group Minerals Division Silver Bullet Matrix 2
Design Methods Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Group 8
What could be different?
Physical Problem Solving
Geographic Ideation
(1) The geographic
location of the
product under
development within
this product group
is a key
understanding
point. The
geographic location
can have a major
impact on the
restrictions within
the design, cost and
service conditions.
Table 2: Design methods/tools and company groupings used during stage 2 of the Silver Bullet process in Weir’s Minerals Division.
24. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 23
Weir Group Minerals Division – Silver Bullet Matrix
Matrix 3 – Evaluation
Matrix 3 within the Weir’s Minerals Division details the design tools and methods used within the third stage of the Silver Bullet methodology, evaluation of
innovative ideas.
The matrix explains how the most suitable design methods can be used within each of the 8 groups within this division, see document 1 for more details on
each of the groups in the Weir’s Minerals Division.
Weir Group Minerals Division Silver Bullet Matrix 3
Design Methods Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Group 8
Evaluation
De Bono's Six Thinking Hats
(1) De Bono's Six Thinking Hats is a good method foe encouraging group discussion on all design ideas without fear of criticism or rejection. This is best carried out when a frank
discussion takes place considering each idea in turn with the six different areas in mind. It is effective at decreasing the number of generated ideas into a smaller, more manageable
number where a more detailed evaluation can take place.
Interactive Case Studies
Perspective-Based Inspection
(1) Using
perspective-based
inspection within
group 8, focusing
on engineered-to-
order products, will
allow the intended
customer to
physically inspect
and test a
developed design
idea and give
precise, rated
feedback on the
design based on
the inspection.
This will save in
cost and time by
incorporating this
method before
components of the
product begin to be
manufactured.
25. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 24
Weir Group Minerals Division Silver Bullet Matrix 3
Design Methods Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Group 8
Evaluation
Backcasting/Future
Landscape
(2) There is a possible use for this within these product groupings. Looking towards the future and visualising how to get there can help give something
towards which you can evaluate any design concepts. Provides a clear DATUM against which to evaluate instead of basing the selection on personal opinion.
The User/Task Matrix
(2) This is a
possibility for
evaluation if the
intended customer
is unable to
personally inspect
any possible
designs. It allows
the design team to
return to the
original customer
needs and evaluate
the design against
these.
Laddering Questions
The Magic Thing
Collective Filtering
(1) After idea generation there will be numerous solution ideas to consider within each group, and for each component of the product. In order to reduce the number of solutions
being considered for further development, collective filtering will provide a quick solution. A group consensus as to the best concepts being produced is required, the design team
must be ruthless in selection to decrease the number of concepts and identify the best possible solutions to take forward.
Screening and Scoring
Dot
Sticking/Personal/Anonymous
Voting
Controlled Convergence
Matrix
Weighting and Rating Matrix
(1) This evaluation matrix is possibly the most comprehensive in terms of the output. This matrix will give evaluation feedback on how well the design concept achieves the
objectives set out in the PDS, as well as rating the design concepts against each other and a chosen DATUM. This will allow for a more rounded and informed evaluation process
with personal opinion removed from the process, ensuring only the best concept is chosen at the end of the process.
Table 3: Design methods/tools and company groupings used during stage 3 of the Silver Bullet process in Weir’s Minerals Division.
26. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 25
Weir Group Minerals Division – Silver Bullet Matrix
Matrix 4 – Development
Matrix 4 within the Weir’s Minerals Division details the design tools and methods used within the fourth stage of the Silver Bullet methodology, further
development of innovative ideas.
The matrix explains how the most suitable design methods can be used within each of the 8 groups within this division, see document 1 for more details on
each of the groups in the Weir’s Minerals Division.
Weir Group Minerals Division Silver Bullet Matrix 4
Design Methods Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Group 8
Development
Paper
Prototyping
Rapid
Prototyping
(1)Rapid prototyping within any of these product groupings can help to visualise and test any design suggestions to ensure the design works properly or whether further development is needed
before committing to a design and incurring cost later in the process.
TRIZ
(1) The TRIZ method is versatile and is a useful method to incorporate into any project when used effectively. This may include training on the method, however the output from the method
will pay dividends as the product produced will be of a higher quality and more robust as every component will be analysed improved using the TRIZ table using ideas which would not normally
come to the fore in a design team.
Life Cycle
Analysis
(1) This method is more focused on the specific inputs and outputs of the product, during design, manufacture and its life in use. This is a detailed visualisation of the process involved in
producing and using the product/service and concentrates on reducing waste within the process and improving the impact on the environment. This is not a method for directly improving or
changing the design of a product/service, however the outcome of the process analysis involved in a life cycle analysis may indirectly involve changing parameters, materials or components
within the product/service. With the environment becoming a large concern within any design project this is a necessary method to use.
Spatial
Prototyping
(2) Allowing
collaborative
prototyping within
this product group
will ensure the
customer always has
input to potential
designs throughout
the process.
DFMA
(1) This method will balance the cost, performance and quality of the potential design. Minimising the number of parts, or steps in a process, as well as considering the value of each component
and understanding the other options available will ensure the most efficient and effective project outcome. It will also encourage organisational departments to work together in order to
achieve the best outcome.
Value Analysis
(2) These two methods can be combined and used as a precursor to completing the DFMA method. This will help ensure the most detailed information possible is placed in the DFMA table to
avoid generic statements as an outcome from the table.Value
Engineering
27. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 26
Weir Group Minerals Division Silver Bullet Matrix 4
Design Methods Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Group 8
Development
Experimental
Analysis
(1) The performance of the chosen concept design within any of these product groupings needs to be stringently tested before proceeding to the production stage to ensure the design not only
works, but is robust enough to cope with the conditions under which it will be working. Testing can take place on existing products to help identify failures and causes but it is also important to
test possible solutions to a standard above which they are expected to work at to ensure a long life cycle of the product during service.
P-Diagram
FMEA
(1) This method helps relate some of the outputs from the root cause analysis, which may have been conducted earlier in the process, and processes them, highlighting which possible failure is
the most likely to occur and the best way in which the design can be changed to avoid that failure. As the time spent on a design project is limited this method will help identify only the most
important failures to consider, although it will list all failures which may occur.
Sustainable
Consumption
(2) The end aim for any design project is to ensure the product sells well within a given market. Without identifying the market and what will help push that product to
the forefront of the market, the product may be lost among other similar products within the market. This method will help identify ways in which to ensure the
product will have an impact when released for sale.
Dematerialisation
Biomimicry
Cradle to Cradle
(2) The full life cycle of the product is a key factor to consider, from initial idea to component recycling. Any design project should make use of this method to ensure and efficient design for the
entire life cycle is reached. A detailed thought process on the material, components, manufacturing processes and transport and use should be considered throughout.
Environmental
Impact
Assessment
Cleaner
Production
Design for
Environment
Life Cycle Cost
(1) Identifying the key cost drivers for any project can help to find cost savings within the design and manufacture of the product/service. Minimising the cost in any project is a major benefit,
making this a key method to understand and implement.
Critical to Quality
Dewhurst and
Boothroyd
(1) Evaluating the necessity of any component will help ensure sustainability for the future in terms of maintenance. Combining the outcome of both of these methods will produce the most
efficient way of looking at component parts within a product and assessing 1) the necessity of the component, 2) its overall position within the product and 3) its accessibility in terms of future
maintenance. This will help in providing an overall sustainable product by simply considering its make-up of component parts.
Design for
Maintenance
Activity-Based
Costing
Pareto Costing
(1) Having identified potential failings within a design, it is then necessary to quantify the cost of these failings within the product. Identifying these costs during the design process will prevent
the shock of unexpected costs occurring later in the life of the product. It is also useful to help identify the failures in terms of cost to prioritise the most expensive costs and implement
improvements within the design to prevent them from occurring before the product has been produced.
Table 4: Design methods/tools and company groupings used during stage 4 of the Silver Bullet process in Weir’s Minerals Division.
28. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 27
Weir Group Minerals Division – Silver Bullet Matrix
Matrix 5 – Implementation
Matrix 5 within the Weir’s Minerals Division details the design tools and methods used within the fifth stage of the Silver Bullet methodology,
implementation of innovative ideas.
The matrix explains how the most suitable design methods can be used within each of the 8 groups within this division, see document 1 for more details on
each of the groups in the Weir’s Minerals Division.
Weir Group Minerals Division Silver Bullet Matrix 5
Design Methods Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Group 8
Implementation
PDS
(1) Every design project needs to identify parameters to which the newly or redesigned product will adhere to. The most efficient way of doing this is by creating a PDS document; this
enables all of the relevant information to be stated in one easily accessible document. It can also be developed and rethought throughout the design process to help further develop the
design.
Design Brief
(1) Every design project needs some guidelines and a summary of what the project is about and what is to be achieved. This will help ensure everyone in the design team fully
understands the project and what is expected. This is necessary for every design project.
Hierarchical Task
Analysis
(2) As projects
within this product
group will have a
large number of
tasks and subtasks,
using a hierarchical
task analysis will
allow the
documentation and
delegation of all of
these tasks in an
ordered, effective
and efficient
manner.
Action Plans
Gantt Chart
(1) Gantt charts are preferred over action plans due to their more detailed nature. This method is able to provide a basis for scheduling alongside clear connections between the
production process and the interdependent relationship of component parts, giving start dates and an overall time period for the completion of the project. This method enables the
design team to specifically pinpoint errors within the schedule as it is being completed and implement actions to resolve them as the chart is an iterative process and can have small
changes implemented during the process of the project completion.
Bill of Materials
(1) This is the only method to help control inventory during the process of the project completion. It also allows the design team, and others included in the project, to have a rolling
estimation of the cost of the project, allowing for a control of cost throughout.
29. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 28
Weir Group Minerals Division Silver Bullet Matrix 5
Design Methods Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Group 8
Implementation
Network Mapping
(2) In this instance,
network mapping
between the
customer and the
design team will
help ensure the
process and
information flows
from beginning to
end in order to fully
meet the needs of
the customer.
Environment Mapping
(2) This method will create an easily obtainable and executable workflow which the project can follow, across organisational departments and through many different stages in the design
process. This will improve the way the process works within the organisation and will allow the design team to concentrate on 'value add' activities which will, in the long term, reduce the
overall cost of the process.
Community
Documentation
(1) Every organisational department needs to share the documentation related to the development of the product/service. Having access to documentation is important as conveying
important aspects and understanding of the project will aid with its production and development and may also help with discovery of discrepancies or possible improvements.
Collective
Visualisation/Interactive
Networks
(1) The sharing of information throughout the process on development and manufacture is crucial to the success of the product and may incur unnecessary cost if not carried out
correctly. Having a computer based system to help co-creation throughout the design process, from application to implication will help introduce group problem solving on a larger scale,
allowing for more perspectives and inputs which can help improve the product and service process provided.
Table 5: Design methods/tools and company groupings used during stage 5 of the Silver Bullet process in Weir’s Minerals Division.
30. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 29
Weir Group Oil and Gas Division – Silver Bullet Matrix
Matrix 1 – The Current Situation
Matrix 1 within the Weir’s Oil and Gas Division details the design tools and methods used within the first stage of the Silver Bullet methodology, assessing
the current situation.
The matrix explains how the most suitable design methods can be used within each of the 6 groups within this division, see document 1 for more details on
each of the groups in the Weir’s Oil and Gas Division.
Weir Oil and Gas Division Silver Bullet Matrix 1
Design Methods Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6
Current Situation
SWOT Analysis
(1) This method should be conducted for all groups before embarking on any new design project. It is useful for gauging the strengths and weaknesses of the current situation and whether
the current solution is a successful in what it does. It also allows for the opportunity to identify opportunities for niche gaps and improvements within the product and product ranges while
also identifying threats. This is the best place to start for any project as it allows a reflective analysis to take place. To be effective it must be conducted by a cross-functional team with no
limitations to criticism or input.
PESTEL Analysis
(2) This method is useful mainly for design projects which involve producing products from scratch, with no previous models in existence, so the company can expand its product portfolio.
It allows good insight into available technology and legislation restrictions. For most other projects it is quicker and easier to use the SWOT analysis tool for simply improving upon an
existing design, although it should be remembered that legislation may have changed in the area of use for that product so this area should be considered also alongside the normal SWOT
categories.
Parametric Analysis
(1) Parametric analysis
within this group,
concentrating on products
associated with service
conditions, particularly
surrounding flow and
pressure, will help identify
the competitors within
this market. As this group
also includes pumps,
pipes, valves and loops, it
will help give a clearer
understanding of the
interrelationships and
parameters concerned
with the combined use of
these products.
(1) Parametric analysis within
this group, concentrating on
products associated with
upstream operations, will
help identify the competitors
within this market. As this
group also includes products
such as manifolds, valves and
trailers, it will help give a
clearer understanding of the
interrelationships and
parameters concerned with
the combined use of these
products.
(1) Parametric analysis
within this group,
concentrating on products
associated with safety, will
help identify the
competitors within this
market. As this group also
includes a range of
products, including, valves,
clamps and safety systems,
it will help give a clearer
understanding of the
interrelationships and
parameters concerned with
the combined use of these
products.
(1) Parametric analysis
within this group,
concentrating on products
associated with heavy
duty applications, will help
identify the competitors
within this market. As this
group also includes
products such as pumps,
fluid ends and a
monitoring device, it will
help give a clearer
understanding of the
interrelationships and
parameters concerned
with the combined use of
these products.
31. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 30
Weir Oil and Gas Division Silver Bullet Matrix 1
Design Methods Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6
Current Situation
Fly-On-The-Wall
(2) Using a combination of
these methods within this
group may help to give a
better idea of the
customers' requirements in
order to produce a more
tailored service. Using a
combination will help give a
bigger, more partial view of
procedures the customer is
using and where the failings
have occurred in order to
make the service process
specific.
Observation and
Shadowing
Individual Interviews
Questionnaires and
Surveys
(1) Questionnaires and surveys within any of these groups can be used to help provide information to contribute to the needs analysis in the following section.
Organisational
Documents
(1) Using organisational documents within any of these
organisational product groups can help to accurately
identify problems with current products, giving statistics
such as the most commonly occurring problem.
(1) Using organisational documents within any of these organisational product groups can
help to accurately identify problems with current products, giving statistics such as the most
commonly occurring problem.
Day In The Life
Design Probe
Design Persona
Video Ethnography
Web Forum
(1) All of these product groups have very specific service conditions associated with them. Due to this, product design within these groups will need detailed specific knowledge on specific
areas. The easiest and most accessible way of gaining an insight into a specific topic related to any of these product groups is by using a web forum. This method can be applied, when
needed, to any of these product groups.
32. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 31
Weir Oil and Gas Division Silver Bullet Matrix 1
Design Methods Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6
Current Situation
Porter's Five Forces
(2) If new design products in any of these product groupings
are undertaken in a design project, it will be essential to
understand the current climate and difficulties within the
market sector that any of the products will target on
completion. Using this method alongside the PESTEL
method will ensure every detail about the market sector for
each product is covered in detail. This will help avoid
misplacing products within a market or misjudging current
difficulties within the market.
(2) If new design products in any of these product groupings are undertaken in a design
project, it will be essential to understand the current climate and difficulties within the
market sector that any of the products will target on completion. Using this method
alongside the PESTEL method will ensure every detail about the market sector for each
product is covered in detail. This will help avoid misplacing products within a market or
misjudging current difficulties within the market.
Assessing Capability
Levels
(1) As this product grouping
contains products which are
used upstream and involve
human interaction, the
capability of the human user
must be considered in the
design.
5 Whys?
(1) The use of the 5 whys? Method within any of these groups will encourage the design team to think deeper about problems and issues occurring within the product. The constant asking
of 'why?' will lead them to a greater understanding of the problem and what, how and when it was caused, this will hopefully lead to the listing of possible solutions of how each identified
problem can be overcome. This method should use the output information from any organisational documents detailing problems as its information input.
Diary Study
Photo Study
Claims Analysis
Cognitive Task
Analysis
Teach back
Storyboard
Postcard Portraits
Yes, and...
(2) This method can be used in any group for any design project. It should be used to develop a detail situation of use the product may face and to obtain more specific requirements than
those generated from customer viewpoints.
Root Cause
Analysis/Error
Analysis
(1) Root Cause Analysis/Error Analysis within each of these groups will help identify all areas where problems, issues and failures occur within the current product. Completing this method
will produce a comprehensive list of possible failure scenarios alongside causes throughout all the stages of the product's/service's production. By identifying all of these possibilities, the
design team will be able to analyse the results and produce solutions to improve any new design/redesign project to avoid the occurrence of these issues in future.
33. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 32
Weir Oil and Gas Division Silver Bullet Matrix 1
Design Methods Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6
Current Situation
Process Sketches
(1) The product group
contains pumps, pipes,
valves and loops
associated with service
conditions, particularly
those which incorporate
high flow and pressure
conditions. By using the
method of process
sketching, the process that
these products must go
through to achieve their
objective can be visualised
by the design team. This
can highlight how the
products must work
together, leading to
innovations to improve all
products concerned and
how they work together.
(1) The product group
contains manifolds, valves
and trailers used in the
upstream process. By using
the method of process
sketching, the process that
these products must go
through to achieve their
objective can be visualised by
the design team. This can
highlight how the products
must work together, leading
to innovations to improve all
products concerned and how
they work together.
(1) The product group
contains valves, clamps and
systems associated with
the need for high safety
when the product is in use.
By using the method of
process sketching, the
process that these
products must go through
to achieve their objective
can be visualised by the
design team. This can
highlight how the products
must work together,
leading to innovations to
improve all products
concerned and how they
work together.
(1) The product group
contains pumps, fluid ends
and a monitoring device
associated with use in
heavy duty applications.
By using the method of
process sketching, the
process that these
products must go through
to achieve their objective
can be visualised by the
design team. This can
highlight how the products
must work together,
leading to innovations to
improve all products
concerned and how they
work together.
Table 1: Design methods/tools and company groupings used during stage 1 of the Silver Bullet process in Weir’s Oil and Gas Division.
34. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 33
Weir Group Oil and Gas Division – Silver Bullet Matrix
Matrix 2 – What could be Different?
Matrix 2 within the Weir’s Oil and Gas Division details the design tools and methods used within the second stage of the Silver Bullet methodology,
assessing how the design of products and services could be different.
The matrix explains how the most suitable design methods can be used within each of the 6 groups within this division, see document 1 for more details on
each of the groups in the Weir’s Oil and Gas Division.
Weir Oil and Gas Division Silver Bullet Matrix 2
Design Methods Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6
What could be different?
Needs Analysis
(1) This method needs to be used/considered within any project. Consideration of the customers' needs is key to the success of the product/service. It should be used regardless of the
design task, including both redesign and new design projects.
Attribute Listing/Matrix
Analysis
(1) This method will work
well for group one,
allowing detailed, in-
depth focus on each
individual component of
the pumps and valves
within this group to be
considered with minute
detail in order to identify
how each component can
be improved.
(1) This method will work
well for group two, allowing
detailed, in-depth focus on
each individual component of
the manifolds, valves and
trailers within this group to
be considered with minute
detail in order to identify how
each component can be
improved.
(1) This method will work
well for group four,
allowing detailed, in-depth
focus on each individual
component of the valves,
clamps and systems within
this group to be
considered with minute
detail in order to identify
how each component can
be improved.
(1) This method will work
well for group five,
allowing detailed, in-
depth focus on each
individual component of
the pumps, fluid ends and
monitoring device within
this group to be
considered with minute
detail in order to identify
how each component can
be improved.
(1) This method will work well
for group six; allowing
detailed, in-depth focus on
each individual component of
the valves within this group to
be considered with minute
detail in order to identify how
each component can be
improved.
35. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 34
Weir Oil and Gas Division Silver Bullet Matrix 2
Design Methods Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6
What could be different?
Benchmarking
(2) As this group has a small
and limited product portfolio,
benchmarking will help when
redesigning or considering a
new design. As little
knowledge can be gathered
from a small number of
products, benchmarking 'best
practice' within other groups
in the organisation, and
indeed out with the
organisation will greatly
improve access to
information and help improve
the design by increasing the
knowledge behind the area of
upstream product use.
(2) As this group has a small
and limited product portfolio,
benchmarking will help when
redesigning or considering a
new design. As little
knowledge can be gathered
from a small number of
products, benchmarking 'best
practice' within other groups
in the organisation, and
indeed out with the
organisation will greatly
improve access to information
and help improve the design
by increasing the knowledge
behind the area of abrasion
and corrosion.
Focus Group
(2) Using a focus group
within this product
grouping may help to
confirm the findings from
the fly-on-the-wall and
observation and shadowing
methods. It will allow
input from a variety of
people to add to what
information has already
been gathered.
36. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 35
Weir Oil and Gas Division Silver Bullet Matrix 2
Design Methods Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6
What could be different?
Empathic Modelling
(1) As this product grouping
contains products which are
used upstream and involve
human interaction, the
capability of the human user
must be considered in the
design, using this method will
provide information on the
key limiting use areas, and
generate some ideas on how
the product can be improved.
Immersive Workshop
(2) For these product groups, using an immersive workshop
is a great way to convey possible design ideas to potential
customers and other workers within the organisation. It
also helps the design team gain constructive feedback
quickly, allowing them to work on improvements
immediately. It can be used for both redesign and new
design projects, however is more useful within new design
projects.
(2) For these product groups, using an immersive workshop is a great way to convey
possible design ideas to potential customers and other workers within the organisation. It
also helps the design team gain constructive feedback quickly, allowing them to work on
improvements immediately. It can be used for both redesign and new design projects,
however is more useful within new design projects.
Intervention/Provocation
Pseudo-Documentary (1) Combining these two methods will provide the best outcome. In each of these product groups there are many different service areas where failure of the product could be
catastrophic. In order to be prepared for any situation, this must be built into the design. This can be done easily with the use of both of these methods. Each area; water/fluid service,
severe service, milling, medium duty service, gas, separation, petrochemical and nuclear use will all need to be considered individually, to have a detailed completed outcome, then
separate products and components should also be considered on an individual basis.Scenario
37. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 36
Weir Oil and Gas Division Silver Bullet Matrix 2
Design Methods Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6
What could be different?
User Forum
(1) This method is best
used within this product
group as the service
provided will be dependent
on each individual
customer's needs. To
retain the customer needs
within the thought of the
service team, and the
process itself, then input
from the customer and
feedback on the relevance
and quality of the service is
a useful tool for helping to
improve future service. A
user forum is an easy and
accessible way of achieving
this.
Ergonomic Analysis
(1) As this product grouping
contains products which are
used upstream and involve
human interaction, the
integral measurements of the
human user must be
considered in the design,
using this method will
provide information on the
key measurement limitations.
KANO Model
(2) If the design project within these product groupings is a
new design project, then customer needs and attributes
must be identified and prioritised into the categories
associated with KANO this will ensure the best customer
satisfaction when the product is released to market.
(2) If the design project within these product groupings is a new design project, then
customer needs and attributes must be identified and prioritised into the categories
associated with KANO this will ensure the best customer satisfaction when the product is
released to market.
Function Means Tree
(2) In a design project within any of these product groupings it can be beneficial to take a step back and look at the simplest product functions in order to both improve the product and
improve individual components to ensure they perform the simplest level of task expected from the product. This method will help gain understanding of functions on every level, from
the most complex to the simplest.
38. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 37
Weir Oil and Gas Division Silver Bullet Matrix 2
Design Methods Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6
What could be different?
Quality Function
Deployment
(2) This method is essential for use in these product groupings, when a new design project is being undertaken or a new service process is being devised. It will not be as effective in a
redesign project as the customer needs will already have been translated into functions, in this type of project the components providing the function are of more concern, trying to
improve and develop these will be the main focus of the project.
Anthropometric Analysis
(1) As this product grouping
contains products which are
used upstream and involve
human interaction, the
interaction of the human user
with the product must be
considered in the design,
using this method will
provide information on the
key limitations.
Longitudinal Study
(2) This method can be useful for identifying how the changes to the product or processes affect the outcome over a prolonged period of time in order to help improve future
designs/processes.
Affinity Diagramming
(1) This method is most
effective when undertaking
a medium project, which
makes it suitable for use
within group 3 which
concerns services. The
information coming from
the service team can be
ordered, structured and
tasks delegated with
efficiency after the
completion of this method.
KLM-GOMS (Keystroke-
Level Model GOMS)
Brainstorming
(1) Brainstorming is a quick and easy way of assembling ideas during every stage of the design process and within any type of design project. In order to have an effective brainstorming
session, the outcome must be clearly identified and a good cross-functional team used.
Free Listing
Metaphor Brainstorming
Brain drawing This method could be combined within a brainstorming session, allowing participants to both write and draw ideas although use specifically on its own may alienate some participants.
Brain writing
39. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 38
Weir Oil and Gas Division Silver Bullet Matrix 2
Design Methods Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6
What could be different?
Card Sorting
Function Allocation
Parallel Design
(2) Working on designs alongside each other in any of these groups during a new design project/service process will be beneficial, it will ensure that the best design/service option is
chosen, components from different concepts may be able to be combined, if only one concept option was available it would limit the output and possibly decrease the quality of output.
Participatory Design
(1) Participatory design in
product group 3 is more
necessary than any of the
other groups as the service
is being designed for a
particular customer.
Without customer input
and participation,
customer satisfaction with
the service will be low.
SCAMPER
Word Association
Lateral Thinking
6-3-5 Brainstorming
(1) For specific use within design idea generation then 6-3-5 brainstorming should be used. This the most effective way of producing a large number of ideas but also allows for
individuals within the design team to take others ideas and improve them as the brainstorming session continues. It produces a higher quality of output and is more efficient than the
general method of brainstorming.
Morphological Chart
(2) A morphological chart is the best option for collating different design ideas for specific component and trying to combine them into one design idea for a product. This method is only
best used within new design projects and the engineered-to-order group as it provides a structured, impartial way of pulling together ideas and helping to improve them.
Force Fitting
Body Storming
Reversal
Synectics
User Interface Race
3D Concept
Mapping/Multi-
Dimensional Mapping
Physical Problem Solving
Geographic Ideation
Table 2: Design methods/tools and company groupings used during stage 2 of the Silver Bullet process in Weir’s Oil and Gas Division.
40. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 39
Weir Group Oil and Gas Division – Silver Bullet Matrix
Matrix 3 – Evaluation
Matrix 3 within the Weir’s Oil and Gas Division details the design tools and methods used within the third stage of the Silver Bullet methodology, evaluation
of innovative ideas.
The matrix explains how the most suitable design methods can be used within each of the 6 groups within this division, see document 1 for more details on
each of the groups in the Weir’s Oil and Gas Division.
Weir Oil and Gas Division Silver Bullet Matrix 3
Design Methods Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6
Evaluation
De Bono's Six Thinking Hats
(1) De Bono's Six Thinking Hats is a good method foe encouraging group discussion on all design ideas without fear of criticism or rejection. This is best carried out when a frank
discussion takes place considering each idea in turn with the six different areas in mind. It is effective at decreasing the number of generated ideas into a smaller, more manageable
number where a more detailed evaluation can take place.
Interactive Case Studies
Perspective-Based Inspection
(1) Using perspective-
based inspection within
group 3, focusing on
services, will allow the
intended customer to
physically inspect and test
a product after the service
has been completed and
give precise, rated
feedback on the service
and the outcome after the
inspection. This will help
improve future processes
as well as provide
information on the current
process taking place.
Backcasting/Future
Landscape
The User/Task Matrix
Laddering Questions
41. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 40
Weir Oil and Gas Division Silver Bullet Matrix 3
Design Methods Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6
Evaluation
The Magic Thing
Collective Filtering
(1) After idea generation there will be numerous solution ideas to consider within each group, and for each component of the product. In order to reduce the number of solutions
being considered for further development, collective filtering will provide a quick solution. A group consensus as to the best concepts being produced is required, the design team
must be ruthless in selection to decrease the number of concepts and identify the best possible solutions to take forward.
Screening and Scoring
Dot
Sticking/Personal/Anonymous
Voting
Controlled Convergence
Matrix
Weighting and Rating Matrix
(1) This evaluation matrix is possibly the most comprehensive in terms of the output. This matrix will give evaluation feedback on how well the design concept achieves the
objectives set out in the PDS, as well as rating the design concepts against each other and a chosen DATUM. This will allow for a more rounded and informed evaluation process
with personal opinion removed from the process, ensuring only the best concept is chosen at the end of the process.
Table 3: Design methods/tools and company groupings used during stage 3 of the Silver Bullet process in Weir’s Oil and Gas Division.
42. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 41
Weir Group Oil and Gas Division – Silver Bullet Matrix
Matrix 4 – Development
Matrix 4 within the Weir’s Oil and Gas Division details the design tools and methods used within the fourth stage of the Silver Bullet methodology, further
development of innovative ideas.
The matrix explains how the most suitable design methods can be used within each of the 6 groups within this division, see document 1 for more details on
each of the groups in the Weir’s Oil and Gas Division.
Weir Oil and Gas Division Silver Bullet Matrix 4
Design Methods Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6
Development
Paper Prototyping
Rapid Prototyping
(1)Rapid prototyping within any of these product groupings can help to visualise and test any design suggestions to ensure the design works properly or whether further development is
needed before committing to a design and incurring cost later in the process.
TRIZ
(1) The TRIZ method is versatile and is a useful method to incorporate into any project when used effectively. This may include training on the method, however the output from the
method will pay dividends as the product produced will be of a higher quality and more robust as every component will be analysed improved using the TRIZ table using ideas which would
not normally come to the fore in a design team.
Life Cycle Analysis
(1) This method is more focused on the specific inputs and outputs of the product, during design, manufacture and its life in use. This is a detailed visualisation of the process involved in
producing and using the product/service and concentrates on reducing waste within the process and improving the impact on the environment. This is not a method for directly improving
or changing the design of a product/service, however the outcome of the process analysis involved in a life cycle analysis may indirectly involve changing parameters, materials or
components within the product/service. With the environment becoming a large concern within any design project this is a necessary method to use.
Spatial Prototyping
DFMA
(1) This method will balance the cost, performance and quality of the potential design. Minimising the number of parts, or steps in a process, as well as considering the value of each
component and understanding the other options available will ensure the most efficient and effective project outcome. It will also encourage organisational departments to work together
in order to achieve the best outcome.
Value Analysis (2) These two methods can be combined and used as a precursor to completing the DFMA method. This will help ensure the most detailed information possible is placed in the DFMA table
to avoid generic statements as an outcome from the table.Value Engineering
Experimental Analysis
(1) The performance of the chosen concept design within any of these product groupings needs to be stringently tested before proceeding to the production stage to ensure the design not
only works, but is robust enough to cope with the conditions under which it will be working. Testing can take place on existing products to help identify failures and causes but it is also
important to test possible solutions to a standard above which they are expected to work at to ensure a long life cycle of the product during service.
P-Diagram
FMEA
(1) This method helps relate some of the outputs from the root cause analysis, which may have been conducted earlier in the process, and processes them, highlighting which possible
failure is the most likely to occur and the best way in which the design can be changed to avoid that failure. As the time spent on a design project is limited this method will help identify
only the most important failures to consider, although it will list all failures which may occur.
43. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 42
Weir Oil and Gas Division Silver Bullet Matrix 4
Design Methods Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6
Development
Sustainable
Consumption
(2) The end aim for any design project is to ensure the
product sells well within a given market. Without
identifying the market and what will help push that product
to the forefront of the market, the product may be lost
among other similar products within the market. This
method will help identify ways in which to ensure the
product will have an impact when released for sale.
(2) The end aim for any design project is to ensure the product sells well within a given
market. Without identifying the market and what will help push that product to the
forefront of the market, the product may be lost among other similar products within the
market. This method will help identify ways in which to ensure the product will have an
impact when released for sale.
Dematerialisation
Biomimicry
Cradle to Cradle
(2) The full life cycle of the product is a key factor to consider, from initial idea to component recycling. Any design project should make use of this method to ensure and efficient design
for the entire life cycle is reached. A detailed thought process on the material, components, manufacturing processes and transport and use should be considered throughout.
Environmental Impact
Assessment
Cleaner Production
Design for
Environment
Life Cycle Cost
(1) Identifying the key cost drivers for any project can help to find cost savings within the design and manufacture of the product/service. Minimising the cost in any project is a major
benefit, making this a key method to understand and implement.
Critical to Quality
Dewhurst and
Boothroyd (1) Evaluating the necessity of any component will help ensure sustainability for the future in terms of maintenance. Combining the outcome of both of these methods will produce the
most efficient way of looking at component parts within a product and assessing 1) the necessity of the component, 2) its overall position within the product and 3) its accessibility in terms
of future maintenance. This will help in providing an overall sustainable product by simply considering its make-up of component parts.
Design for
Maintenance
Activity-Based Costing
Pareto Costing
(1) Having identified potential failings within a design, it is then necessary to quantify the cost of these failings within the product. Identifying these costs during the design process will
prevent the shock of unexpected costs occurring later in the life of the product. It is also useful to help identify the failures in terms of cost to prioritise the most expensive costs and
implement improvements within the design to prevent them from occurring before the product has been produced.
Table 4: Design methods/tools and company groupings used during stage 4 of the Silver Bullet process in Weir’s Oil and Gas Division.
44. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 43
Weir Group Oil and Gas Division – Silver Bullet Matrix
Matrix 5 – Implementation
Matrix 5 within the Weir’s Oil and Gas Division details the design tools and methods used within the fifth stage of the Silver Bullet methodology,
implementation of innovative ideas.
The matrix explains how the most suitable design methods can be used within each of the 6 groups within this division, see document 1 for more details on
each of the groups in the Weir’s Oil and Gas Division.
Weir Group Oil and Gas Division Matrix 5
Design Methods Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6
Implementation
PDS
(1) Every design project needs to identify parameters to which the newly or redesigned product will adhere to. The most efficient way of doing this is by creating a PDS document; this
enables all of the relevant information to be stated in one easily accessible document. It can also be developed and rethought throughout the design process to help further develop the
design.
Design Brief
(1) Every design project needs some guidelines and a summary of what the project is about and what is to be achieved. This will help ensure everyone in the design team fully
understands the project and what is expected. This is necessary for every design project.
Hierarchical Task
Analysis
(2) As projects within this
product group will have a
large number of tasks and
subtasks, using a
hierarchical task analysis
will allow the
documentation and
delegation of all of these
tasks in an ordered,
effective and efficient
manner.
Action Plans
Gantt Chart
(1) Gantt charts are preferred over action plans due to their more detailed nature. This method is able to provide a basis for scheduling alongside clear connections between the
production process and the interdependent relationship of component parts, giving start dates and an overall time period for the completion of the project. This method enables the
design team to specifically pinpoint errors within the schedule as it is being completed and implement actions to resolve them as the chart is an iterative process and can have small
changes implemented during the process of the project completion.
Bill of Materials
(1) This is the only method to help control inventory during the process of the project completion. It also allows the design team, and others included in the project, to have a rolling
estimation of the cost of the project, allowing for a control of cost throughout.
45. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 44
Weir Group Oil and Gas Division Matrix 5
Design Methods Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6
Implementation
Network Mapping
(2) In this instance,
network mapping between
the customer and the
service team will help
ensure the process and
information flows from
beginning to end in order
to fully meet the needs of
the customer.
Environment Mapping
(2) This method will create an easily obtainable and executable workflow which the project can follow, across organisational departments and through many different stages in the design
process. This will improve the way the process works within the organisation and will allow the design team to concentrate on 'value add' activities which will, in the long term, reduce the
overall cost of the process.
Community
Documentation
(1) Every organisational department needs to share the documentation related to the development of the product/service. Having access to documentation is important as conveying
important aspects and understanding of the project will aid with its production and development and may also help with discovery of discrepancies or possible improvements.
Collective
Visualisation/Interactive
Networks
(1) The sharing of information throughout the process on development and manufacture is crucial to the success of the product and may incur unnecessary cost if not carried out
correctly. Having a computer based system to help co-creation throughout the design process, from application to implication will help introduce group problem solving on a larger scale,
allowing for more perspectives and inputs which can help improve the product and service process provided.
Table 5: Design methods/tools and company groupings used during stage 5 of the Silver Bullet process in Weir’s Oil and Gas Division.
46. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 45
Weir Group Power and Industrial Division – Silver Bullet Matrix
Matrix 1 – The Current Situation
Matrix 1 within the Weir’s Power and Industrial Division details the design tools and methods used within the first stage of the Silver Bullet methodology,
assessing the current situation.
The matrix explains how the most suitable design methods can be used within each of the 6 groups within this division, see document 1 for more details on
each of the groups in the Weir’s Power and Industrial Division.
Weir Group Power and Industrial Division Silver Bullet Matrix 1
Design Methods Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6
Current Situation
SWOT Analysis
(1) This method should be conducted for all groups before embarking on any new design project. It is useful for gauging the strengths and weaknesses of the current situation and
whether the current solution is a successful in what it does. It also allows for the opportunity to identify opportunities for niche gaps and improvements within the product and product
ranges while also identifying threats. This is the best place to start for any project as it allows a reflective analysis to take place. To be effective it must be conducted by a cross-
functional team with no limitations to criticism or input.
PESTEL Analysis
(2) This method is useful mainly for design projects which involve producing products from scratch, with no previous models in existence, so the company can expand its product
portfolio. It allows good insight into available technology and legislation restrictions. For most other projects it is quicker and easier to use the SWOT analysis tool for simply improving
upon an existing design, although it should be remembered that legislation may have changed in the area of use for that product so this area should be considered also alongside the
normal SWOT categories.
Parametric Analysis
(1) Parametric analysis within
this group, concentrating on
products associated with service
conditions, particularly
surrounding flow and pressure,
will help identify the competitors
within this market. As this group
also includes pumps, pipes,
valves and loops, it will help give
a clearer understanding of the
interrelationships and
parameters concerned with the
combined use of these products.
(1) Parametric analysis within
this group, concentrating on
products associated with safety,
will help identify the competitors
within this market. As this group
also includes a range of
products, including, valves,
clamps and safety systems, it will
help give a clearer
understanding of the
interrelationships and
parameters concerned with the
combined use of these products.
47. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 46
Weir Group Power and Industrial Division Silver Bullet Matrix 1
Design Methods Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6
Current Situation
Fly-On-The-Wall
(2) Using a combination of
these methods within this
group may help to give a
better idea of the customers'
requirements in order to
produce a more tailored
service. Using a combination
will help give a bigger, more
partial view of procedures the
customer is using and where
the failings have occurred in
order to make the service
process specific.
Observation and
Shadowing
Individual Interviews
Questionnaires and
Surveys
(1) Questionnaires and surveys within any of these groups can be used to help provide information to contribute to the needs analysis in the following section.
Organisational Documents
(1) Using organisational
documents within any of these
organisational product groups
can help to accurately identify
problems with current
products, giving statistics such
as the most commonly
occurring problem.
(1) Using organisational documents within any of these organisational product groups can help to accurately
identify problems with current products, giving statistics such as the most commonly occurring problem.
Day In The Life
Design Probe
Design Persona
Video Ethnography
Web Forum
(1) All of these product groups have very specific service conditions associated with them. Due to this, product design within these groups will need detailed specific knowledge on
specific areas. The easiest and most accessible way of gaining an insight into a specific topic related to any of these product groups is by using a web forum. This method can be
applied, when needed, to any of these product groups.
48. Innovative Problem Solving: Silver Bullet Matrices [Document 3]
Interns@Strathclyde Programme: Kerrie Noble 3rd
Year MEng PDE. Supervisor: Dr. Hilary Grierson pg. 47
Weir Group Power and Industrial Division Silver Bullet Matrix 1
Design Methods Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6
Current Situation
Porter's Five Forces
(2) If new design products in
any of these product groupings
are undertaken in a design
project, it will be essential to
understand the current climate
and difficulties within the
market sector that any of the
products will target on
completion. Using this method
alongside the PESTEL method
will ensure every detail about
the market sector for each
product is covered in detail.
This will help avoid misplacing
products within a market or
misjudging current difficulties
within the market.
(2) If new design products in any of these product groupings are undertaken in a design project, it will be essential
to understand the current climate and difficulties within the market sector that any of the products will target on
completion. Using this method alongside the PESTEL method will ensure every detail about the market sector for
each product is covered in detail. This will help avoid misplacing products within a market or misjudging current
difficulties within the market.
Assessing Capability Levels
5 Whys?
(1) The use of the 5 whys? Method within any of these groups will encourage the design team to think deeper about problems and issues occurring within the product. The constant
asking of 'why?' will lead them to a greater understanding of the problem and what, how and when it was caused, this will hopefully lead to the listing of possible solutions of how each
identified problem can be overcome. This method should use the output information from any organisational documents detailing problems as its information input.
Diary Study
Photo Study
Claims Analysis
Cognitive Task Analysis
Teach back
Storyboard
Postcard Portraits
Yes, and...
(2) This method can be used in any group for any design project. It should be used to develop a detail situation of use the product may face and to obtain more specific requirements
than those generated from customer viewpoints.
Root Cause Analysis/Error
Analysis
(1) Root Cause Analysis/Error Analysis within each of these groups will help identify all areas where problems, issues and failures occur within the current product. Completing this
method will produce a comprehensive list of possible failure scenarios alongside causes throughout all the stages of the product's/service's production. By identifying all of these
possibilities, the design team will be able to analyse the results and produce solutions to improve any new design/redesign project to avoid the occurrence of these issues in future.