An open course developed by Chrissi Nerantzi and Lars Uhlin used problem-based learning and provided flexibility through distance and online learning. The course allowed multiple learning modes, including working independently or in groups. Over time, discussions emerged around incorporating group work and problem-based learning into MOOCs to enhance collaboration and connected learning. Various models were tried, such as rolling groups, learning hubs, discussion pyramids, and facilitated connected learning MOOCs. Platforms and apps also launched to support grouping in open online courses.