ppt is about electrical vehicle and design

1. CONTENTS
1. Company Profile
2. Abstract
3. Introduction
4. Objectives
5. Week-1
6. Week-2
7. Week-3
8. Week-4
9. Outcomes of Internship
10. Internship Certificate
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2. Company (or) Institute Profile
• Company Name : KODACY
• Established in Year : 2020
• Company Profile :
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3. Abstract
• Electric vehicle (EV) technology represents a transformative shift in the automotive
industry, driven by the imperative to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and
dependence on fossil fuels. This paper provides an overview of the key
components and advancements in EV technology, emphasizing the critical role
they play in addressing environmental concerns and achieving sustainable
transportation.
• The propulsion system of an electric vehicle is centered around high-capacity
lithium-ion batteries, which store and provide electrical energy to electric motors.
These motors drive the vehicle's wheels, eliminating the need for traditional
internal combustion engines. The efficiency of these batteries, along with
advancements in energy density and charging infrastructure, is crucial for the
widespread adoption of EVs.
• Charging infrastructure development is a key focus area, with advancements in
fast-charging technologies and the proliferation of charging stations contributing
to increased convenience and acceptance among consumers. Moreover, the
integration of smart grid technologies facilitates efficient energy management and
grid balancing, optimizing the overall impact of EVs on the electricity
infrastructure.
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4. Introduction to Internship
Internship Period : 1 Month
Internship Duration : 21st June 2023 to 21st July 2023
Internship Company (or) Institute : KODACY
Mode of Learning Online (or) Offline : Online
Number of Hours Allocated for Internship : 4 Hours (Per Day)
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5. Objective of Internship
1. Component Familiarity:
Understand the key components of electric vehicles, including
batteries, motors, and charging systems.
2. Hands-On Experience:
Gain practical experience in assembling and disassembling electric
vehicle systems.
3. Battery Tech Understanding:
Learn about electric vehicle battery technologies, focusing on
lithium-ion batteries and management systems.
4. Charging Infrastructure Knowledge:
Understand different charging standards and technologies used in
electric vehicle charging infrastructure.
5. Software and Control Systems Exposure:
Familiarize yourself with software and control systems in electric
vehicles, including firmware and integration.
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6. Week-Wise Activity
Electric Vehicle Technology:
1.Classifications of EV.
Parts of EV.
2.Types of Motors and Working
Traction Motor.
3.Battery.
Battery Management System (BMS).
4.Regenerative Braking.
Converters and Inverters.
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7. Week-1
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8. Battery Electric Vehicles
(BEVs)
BEVs are also referred to as all-electric
cars (AEV). Electric drivetrains driven
solely by batteries are used in BEV-
based electric vehicles. The enormous
battery pack that houses the electricity
needed to power the car may be
charged by hooking it into the power
grid. One or more electric motors are
then powered by the fully charged
battery pack to drive the electric vehicle.
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9. Hybrid Electric
Vehicle (HEV)
HEVs are also referred to as parallel or
series hybrids. HEVs have an electric
motor in addition to an engine. Fuel
powers the engine, while batteries
provide electricity for the motor. Both the
engine and the electric motor turn the
transmission at the same time. Wheels
are then propelled by this.
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10. Plug-in Hybrid
Electric
Vehicle (PHEV):
• The term “series hybrid” also applies to
PHEVs. Both an engine and a motor
are present. You have a choice of two
types of fuels: conventional fuel (like
gasoline) and alternative fuel (such as
biodiesel). A battery pack that can be
recharged can also power it. The
battery can receive external charging.
• PHEVs have at least two operating
modes: All-electric Mode, in which the
automobile runs entirely on its motor
and battery Hybrid Mode, which uses
both electricity and gasoline or diesel
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11. Fuel Cell Electric
Vehicle (FCEV)
• Another name for FCEVs is
zero-emission vehicles. To
create the electricity needed
to power the car, they use
“fuel cell technology.” The
fuel’s chemical energy is
instantly transformed into
electric energy.
•
• Main Components of FCEV:
• Fuel-cell stack, hydrogen
storage tank, an electric
motor, and a battery with a
converter and a controller
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12. Parts of EV
• Battery Pack
• In contrast to an internal combustion engine, which has a gasoline tank full of petrol, an
electric vehicle’s energy source is its battery pack. The car’s drive, heating, cooling,
lights, and other equipment are all powered by the battery pack. Since battery packs
normally use direct current (DC) electricity, alternating current (AC), which is used when
charging at home (Level 2), is converted to DC.
• Electric/Traction Motor
• A traction motor is an electric motor used for propulsion of a vehicle, such as locomotives,
electric or hydrogen vehicles, elevators or electric multiple unit.
• Power Inverter
• A power inverter is needed to convert the DC power from the battery for use with AC motors.
The power inverter can also operate in reverse, transforming regenerative braking’s AC power
into the battery’s DC power.
• Onboard Battery Charger
• The majority of EVs come with an integrated battery charger. Instead of DC fast charging, these
devices are utilised for regular AC charging (level 1 or 2). To prevent any electric harm, they
serve the purpose of limiting the overall amount of power entering the battery.
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13. Week-2
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14. DC Motor
• The following three categories of DC motors:
• Standard-style “brushed” motor. This motor can produce a lot
of initial torque and has simple speed control, but it will
probably need more maintenance.
• DC brushes-less motors (BLDC). These are an improved
version of traditional DC motors because they do not contain
“brushes.” They require far less maintenance, are more
effective, and still provide a high starting torque.
• Synchronous Permanent Magnet Motor (PMSM). The PMSM
permanent magnet motor works similarly to a BLDC but uses
magnets to provide a steady magnetic field. Due to their high
power rating, you can find these motors in high-performance
EVs.
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15. AC Motor
• There are two categories of AC motors:​
• Asynchronous. The electric-powered stator
(coil of wire contained inside the engine
casing), sometimes referred to as an
induction motor, creates a rotating magnetic
field. For prolonged driving at greater speeds,
this motor is recommended.
• Synchronous. The revolving magnet really
functions as the motor rotor. The ideal use of
these motors is for city driving, which involves
frequent starting and stopping.
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16. Traction Motor
An electric motor used to propel a vehicle, such as a locomotive, an electric or
hydrogen vehicle, an elevator, or an electric multiple unit, is known as a traction
motor.
Mechanical Characteristics:
• A traction motor must be robust and capable to withstand continuous
vibrations since service conditions are extremely severe.
• The weight of the traction motor should be minimum in order to increase the
payload capacity of the vehicle. This is achieved by using high- speed
motors, the upper limit being fixed by excessive centrifugal stresses.
Electrical Characteristics:
• High Starting Torque:
• A traction motor must be capable of developing high starting torque,
especially when the train is to be accelerated at a reasonably high rate such
as in case of urban or suburban services.
• Simple Speed Control:
• The traction motor should be amenable to simple speed control methods as
an electric train has to be started and stopped very often.
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17. Week-3
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18. Battery
A battery is an essential component of any electric vehicle
(EV). The battery needs to be built to meet the demands of
the motor or motors and charging mechanism that a vehicle
uses. For plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVS), hybrid
electric vehicles (HEVS), and all electric cars, they are crucial
(EVs).
Physical limitations like effective packaging within the body of
the vehicle to maximise capacity are included in this. The
placement of the battery within a vehicle must be taken into
account by designers as the battery is the primary source of
weight in an EV and can affect power efficiency and handling
characteristics (which is typically why you will frequently see
batteries placed under the floor pan of the vehicle).
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19. Energy Storage Systems
In HEVS, PHEVS, and EVs, the following energy storage
systems are employed. Battery Types: Lithium-ion Due to
their high energy per unit mass compared to other electrical
energy storage methods, lithium-ion batteries are currently
employed in the majority of portable consumer electronics,
including cell phones and laptops. Additionally, they are
very energy-efficient and have a high power to weight ratio.
reduced self-discharge and strong performance at high
temperatures Although it is possible to recycle the majority
of lithium-ion battery parts, the expense of material
recovery continues to be an issue for the sector. The
majority of PHEVS and EVs on the market today use
lithium-ion batteries, albeit the chemistry is frequently
different from that of batteries used in consumer
electronics. To lower the price and increase their useful life,
research and development are continuing. 19

20. Week-4
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21. Battery Management System
(BMS)
• Any electronic system that controls a rechargeable battery (cell or
battery pack), such as by safeguarding it from operating outside of
its safe operating range, monitoring its state, calculating secondary
data, reporting that data, controlling its environment, authenticating
it, and/or balancing it, is referred to as a battery management
system (BMS).
• The BMS will also regulate the battery’s recharging by directing the
energy that has been collected (through regenerative braking)
back into the battery pack (typically composed of a number of
battery modules, each composed of a number of cells).
• When constructing a BMS, many considerations must be taken
into account. The precise end application for which the BMS will be
utilised determines all other considerations. BMS are utilised in
addition to electric vehicles (EVs) in any application that uses a
lithium battery pack, including solar panel arrays, wind turbines,
power walls, etc. No matter the application, a BMS design should
take into account all or some of the following elements.
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22. Regenerative Braking
Regenerative braking is a technology used in
some electric and hybrid vehicles that
converts the kinetic energy generated during
braking back into electrical energy. Instead of
relying solely on traditional friction-based
braking systems, regenerative braking
employs an electric motor acting as a
generator to capture and store the energy
typically lost as heat during braking. This
reclaimed electrical energy is then directed
back into the vehicle's battery for later use,
contributing to improved energy efficiency and
an extended electric driving range. 22

23. OUTCOMES OF INTERNSHIP
• Gained Practical Experience
• Skill Development
• Increased Confidence
• Enhanced Work Ethics
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24. INTERNSHIP CERTIFICATE
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25. CONCLUSION
• In conclusion, my internship in electric vehicle
technology has been an enriching experience. I've
gained hands-on knowledge about the components,
charging systems, and software used in EVs. The
exposure to testing, data analysis, and safety
standards has been invaluable. I appreciate the
opportunity to contribute to sustainable transportation
solutions.
• This internship has not only deepened my
understanding of EVs but also enhanced my skills in
teamwork, problem-solving, and continuous learning. I
look forward to applying these experiences and
insights in the dynamic and evolving field of electric
vehicles.
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