...in which I conclude that we will probably need more than we can feasibly build! Based on a presentation hosted by CATF and Third Way, 4 December 2020.
An entry-level presentation on climate risk and scenarios. I discuss mainly the key concepts.
I was one of the speakers at this event https://www.regjeringen.no/no/aktuelt/klimarisiko-og-rapportering-i-norske-selskaper/id2828115/, and my presentation is available https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_S7n7GV8umI
Emission scenarios and the need for Carbon Dioxide RemovalGlen Peters
A presentation I gave to a conference on "the way to climate neutrality" hosted by the Danish Ministry for Energy, Utilities, and Climate (13 November, 2018)
Why are CO2 emissions rising? And where do they need to go?
My presentation at Urban Future in Oslo (22 May 2019), describing latest trends and pathways to 1.5°C and 2°C
Opportunities and threats for Norwegian business and financial sector in a 1....Glen Peters
1) The Paris Agreement sets a goal of limiting global warming to well below 2°C and pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5°C.
2) Scenarios show that a 1.5°C pathway requires 50% reduction in emissions by 2030 and net-zero by 2050, along with 15 gigatons of negative emissions annually by 2100.
3) A 1.5°C future will require radical changes to the energy system including a large transition away from fossil fuels to non-fossil fuels and bioenergy.
My presentation at the launch of the Equinor Energy Perspectives 2019 (https://www.equinor.com/en/how-and-why/energy-perspectives.html). I discussed some historical context for an energy transition, but 1.5-2°C into context, & focussed on the future of oil
An entry-level presentation on climate risk and scenarios. I discuss mainly the key concepts.
I was one of the speakers at this event https://www.regjeringen.no/no/aktuelt/klimarisiko-og-rapportering-i-norske-selskaper/id2828115/, and my presentation is available https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_S7n7GV8umI
Emission scenarios and the need for Carbon Dioxide RemovalGlen Peters
A presentation I gave to a conference on "the way to climate neutrality" hosted by the Danish Ministry for Energy, Utilities, and Climate (13 November, 2018)
Why are CO2 emissions rising? And where do they need to go?
My presentation at Urban Future in Oslo (22 May 2019), describing latest trends and pathways to 1.5°C and 2°C
Opportunities and threats for Norwegian business and financial sector in a 1....Glen Peters
1) The Paris Agreement sets a goal of limiting global warming to well below 2°C and pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5°C.
2) Scenarios show that a 1.5°C pathway requires 50% reduction in emissions by 2030 and net-zero by 2050, along with 15 gigatons of negative emissions annually by 2100.
3) A 1.5°C future will require radical changes to the energy system including a large transition away from fossil fuels to non-fossil fuels and bioenergy.
My presentation at the launch of the Equinor Energy Perspectives 2019 (https://www.equinor.com/en/how-and-why/energy-perspectives.html). I discussed some historical context for an energy transition, but 1.5-2°C into context, & focussed on the future of oil
There has been pressure recently on the IPCC to upgrade its Sustainable Development Scenario (SDS) to be consistent with 1.5°C, and give it more focus. Is the IEA SDS really so bad? I compare some IEA scenarios to 1.5°C scenarios to understand the differences.
My presentation at the "Third Annual Conference of the Transatlantic University Collaboration for Climate and Energy Law" on 28 April 2021 in Oslo https://www.jus.uio.no/nifs/english/research/events/2021/04-28-tucccel.html
Emissions slowdown: Are we on the way to 2C?Glen Peters
Global carbon dioxide emissions growth has been near zero for the past three years. This slowdown is due to declining emissions in China, the US, and EU as well as continued growth in India. In China, the slowdown is attributed to slower GDP growth, improved emissions intensity, and increased renewable energy. While progress has been made in solar and wind power, carbon capture and storage has seen little development. Current country pledges and policies still do not put the world on a pathway to limit global temperature increase to 2°C. Increased climate policy ambition and accelerated clean energy deployment is needed to stay below 2°C of warming.
I discuss scenarios in three groups: no policy baselines, weak climate policy, and strong policy. Using the carbon budget as a tool, I then discuss why some targets are harder than others. And finally, I frame it in terms of risk.
A critical look at baseline climate scenariosGlen Peters
A presentation to the Tekna Energy, Industry, and Environment group on RCP8.5. Video available here https://www.tekna.no/fag-og-nettverk/miljo-og-biovitenskap/bio-og-klimabloggen/a-critical-look-at-baseline-climate-scenarios/
This document summarizes a presentation on scenarios assessed by the IPCC to limit global warming. It discusses the key goals of the Paris Agreement to limit warming to well below 2°C and pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5°C. It then examines the characteristics of pathways consistent with 1.5°C and 2°C warming levels as assessed by integrated assessment models, finding that 1.5°C pathways require deeper near-term emissions cuts, carbon neutrality by around 2050, and reliance on carbon dioxide removal technologies. However, it notes that the details of energy and economic transitions vary significantly between models, with uncertain implications for policymaking.
IEA Net Zero Emissions 2050 - Norway version (updated)Glen Peters
The document summarizes key findings from the International Energy Agency's Net Zero Emissions by 2050 scenario, including:
1) The IEA scenario reaches net zero fossil CO2 emissions by 2050, earlier than pathways consistent with 1.5°C warming assessed by the IPCC.
2) The IEA scenario uses less bioenergy with carbon capture and storage but more direct air capture with carbon storage than IPCC pathways.
3) For Norway, the IEA scenario shows oil declining faster than some IPCC scenarios through existing fields, gas production in line with IPCC ranges, and large-scale deployment of carbon capture and storage.
4) The IEA sees opportunities for Norway in hydrogen
Global Carbon Budget 2017 (Tekna presentation)Glen Peters
A presentation I gave at the launch of the 2°C magazine (in Norwegian). I discuss past trends in carbon dioxide emissions, emission scenarios, and carbon budgets.
http://klimastiftelsen.no/nytt-2c-magasin-operasjon-nullutslipp/
https://energiogklima.no/to-grader
https://www.tekna.no/kursarkiv/frokostseminar-med-tekna-klima-2c-lansering-34982/#om-kurset
A paper in 2017 argued for a considerable revision on the carbon budget for 1.5°C (https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo3031), & I had some concerns (http://www.cicero.uio.no/no/posts/nyheter/commentary-did-15c-suddenly-get-easier). This is an extended presentation from a debate with the authors (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L7JS6x5fBNk)
Emissions slowdown: Are we on the way to 2°C?Glen Peters
A presentation I gave to the School of Economics and Business at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences (invitation from Knut Einar Rosendahl). I discuss recent emission trends, and link those to emission scenarios consistent with keeping global warming below 2°C.
A presentation I gave at the Solar Geoengineering and Carbon Dioxide Removal conference in Berlin (13/10/2017). I focus mainly on how the carbon budget is estimated, its uncertainties, and issues in how it is used.
Can research projects help improve national emission inventories?Glen Peters
This document discusses whether a research project can help improve national emission inventories. It summarizes that national inventories are compiled by experienced teams but the research project takes a broader perspective to better characterize uncertainties. The document notes that while fossil CO2 emissions are hardest to verify, opportunities exist with land use change CO2, methane, nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases, where the largest uncertainties lie. It also provides some country-specific examples of where inventory problems have been detected. The document concludes that sharpening verification tools and operationalizing them can help make verification of inventories routine.
My presentation at the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters on the Terrestrial Carbon Cycle (2 October 2017). I do not using present so detailed on the carbon cycle, so the slide deck is not that well developed. I mainly focused on aspects of uncertainty, and the interplay between the land sources and sinks.
The document discusses whether 1.5°C global warming can be avoided according to the Paris Agreement goals. It summarizes that emission scenarios consistent with limiting warming to 2°C show a median temperature rise of 1.7-1.8°C. Nationally determined contributions are currently insufficient and would lead to around 2.5-3.5°C warming. Avoiding over 2°C of warming would require rapid declines in fossil fuel use, rapid growth of non-fossil sources like solar and wind, deployment of carbon capture and storage, and net-negative emissions globally by mid-century with participation from all countries and sectors.
The carbon budget and the future of fossil fuelsGlen Peters
Does the carbon budget mean the end of fossil fuels? No, Carbon Capture and Storage and Carbon Dioxide Removal allow the continued use of fossil fuels. But for how long? And what are the risks?
In December 2015, member states of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) adopted the Paris Agreement, which aims to hold the increase in the global average temperature to below 2°C and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C. The Paris Agreement requires that anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission sources and sinks are balanced by the second half of this century. Because some nonzero sources are unavoidable, this leads to the abstract concept of “negative emissions,” the removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere through technical means. The Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) informing policy-makers assume the large-scale use of negative-emission technologies. If we rely on these and they are not deployed or are unsuccessful at removing CO2 from the atmosphere at the levels assumed, society will be locked into a high-temperature pathway.
The document presents the Sky scenario, which outlines a pathway to achieving net-zero emissions by 2070 in line with the Paris Agreement goals.
Key aspects of the Sky scenario include rapid adoption of low-carbon technologies and policies like carbon pricing that strongly incentivize emission reductions. It requires simultaneous transformation across multiple sectors including energy, industry, transport, and land use. The scenario recognizes significant challenges including rising energy demand, potential rebound effects from efficiency gains, the difficulty of decarbonizing some industrial sectors, and coal's ongoing popularity in some regions. Sky envisions addressing these through concurrent climate policy action and mass deployment of disruptive technologies.
A presentation to some members of the Swedish Parliament on the carbon cycle, carbon budget, and emission pathways consistent with "well below 2°C". Hosted by Future Earth.
Presentation given by Dr Maria Chiara Ferrari from University of Edinburgh on "Capturing CO2 from air: Research at the University of Edinburgh" at the UKCCSRC Direct Air Capture/Negative Emissions Workshop held in London on 18 March 2014
There has been pressure recently on the IPCC to upgrade its Sustainable Development Scenario (SDS) to be consistent with 1.5°C, and give it more focus. Is the IEA SDS really so bad? I compare some IEA scenarios to 1.5°C scenarios to understand the differences.
My presentation at the "Third Annual Conference of the Transatlantic University Collaboration for Climate and Energy Law" on 28 April 2021 in Oslo https://www.jus.uio.no/nifs/english/research/events/2021/04-28-tucccel.html
Emissions slowdown: Are we on the way to 2C?Glen Peters
Global carbon dioxide emissions growth has been near zero for the past three years. This slowdown is due to declining emissions in China, the US, and EU as well as continued growth in India. In China, the slowdown is attributed to slower GDP growth, improved emissions intensity, and increased renewable energy. While progress has been made in solar and wind power, carbon capture and storage has seen little development. Current country pledges and policies still do not put the world on a pathway to limit global temperature increase to 2°C. Increased climate policy ambition and accelerated clean energy deployment is needed to stay below 2°C of warming.
I discuss scenarios in three groups: no policy baselines, weak climate policy, and strong policy. Using the carbon budget as a tool, I then discuss why some targets are harder than others. And finally, I frame it in terms of risk.
A critical look at baseline climate scenariosGlen Peters
A presentation to the Tekna Energy, Industry, and Environment group on RCP8.5. Video available here https://www.tekna.no/fag-og-nettverk/miljo-og-biovitenskap/bio-og-klimabloggen/a-critical-look-at-baseline-climate-scenarios/
This document summarizes a presentation on scenarios assessed by the IPCC to limit global warming. It discusses the key goals of the Paris Agreement to limit warming to well below 2°C and pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5°C. It then examines the characteristics of pathways consistent with 1.5°C and 2°C warming levels as assessed by integrated assessment models, finding that 1.5°C pathways require deeper near-term emissions cuts, carbon neutrality by around 2050, and reliance on carbon dioxide removal technologies. However, it notes that the details of energy and economic transitions vary significantly between models, with uncertain implications for policymaking.
IEA Net Zero Emissions 2050 - Norway version (updated)Glen Peters
The document summarizes key findings from the International Energy Agency's Net Zero Emissions by 2050 scenario, including:
1) The IEA scenario reaches net zero fossil CO2 emissions by 2050, earlier than pathways consistent with 1.5°C warming assessed by the IPCC.
2) The IEA scenario uses less bioenergy with carbon capture and storage but more direct air capture with carbon storage than IPCC pathways.
3) For Norway, the IEA scenario shows oil declining faster than some IPCC scenarios through existing fields, gas production in line with IPCC ranges, and large-scale deployment of carbon capture and storage.
4) The IEA sees opportunities for Norway in hydrogen
Global Carbon Budget 2017 (Tekna presentation)Glen Peters
A presentation I gave at the launch of the 2°C magazine (in Norwegian). I discuss past trends in carbon dioxide emissions, emission scenarios, and carbon budgets.
http://klimastiftelsen.no/nytt-2c-magasin-operasjon-nullutslipp/
https://energiogklima.no/to-grader
https://www.tekna.no/kursarkiv/frokostseminar-med-tekna-klima-2c-lansering-34982/#om-kurset
A paper in 2017 argued for a considerable revision on the carbon budget for 1.5°C (https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo3031), & I had some concerns (http://www.cicero.uio.no/no/posts/nyheter/commentary-did-15c-suddenly-get-easier). This is an extended presentation from a debate with the authors (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L7JS6x5fBNk)
Emissions slowdown: Are we on the way to 2°C?Glen Peters
A presentation I gave to the School of Economics and Business at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences (invitation from Knut Einar Rosendahl). I discuss recent emission trends, and link those to emission scenarios consistent with keeping global warming below 2°C.
A presentation I gave at the Solar Geoengineering and Carbon Dioxide Removal conference in Berlin (13/10/2017). I focus mainly on how the carbon budget is estimated, its uncertainties, and issues in how it is used.
Can research projects help improve national emission inventories?Glen Peters
This document discusses whether a research project can help improve national emission inventories. It summarizes that national inventories are compiled by experienced teams but the research project takes a broader perspective to better characterize uncertainties. The document notes that while fossil CO2 emissions are hardest to verify, opportunities exist with land use change CO2, methane, nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases, where the largest uncertainties lie. It also provides some country-specific examples of where inventory problems have been detected. The document concludes that sharpening verification tools and operationalizing them can help make verification of inventories routine.
My presentation at the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters on the Terrestrial Carbon Cycle (2 October 2017). I do not using present so detailed on the carbon cycle, so the slide deck is not that well developed. I mainly focused on aspects of uncertainty, and the interplay between the land sources and sinks.
The document discusses whether 1.5°C global warming can be avoided according to the Paris Agreement goals. It summarizes that emission scenarios consistent with limiting warming to 2°C show a median temperature rise of 1.7-1.8°C. Nationally determined contributions are currently insufficient and would lead to around 2.5-3.5°C warming. Avoiding over 2°C of warming would require rapid declines in fossil fuel use, rapid growth of non-fossil sources like solar and wind, deployment of carbon capture and storage, and net-negative emissions globally by mid-century with participation from all countries and sectors.
The carbon budget and the future of fossil fuelsGlen Peters
Does the carbon budget mean the end of fossil fuels? No, Carbon Capture and Storage and Carbon Dioxide Removal allow the continued use of fossil fuels. But for how long? And what are the risks?
In December 2015, member states of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) adopted the Paris Agreement, which aims to hold the increase in the global average temperature to below 2°C and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C. The Paris Agreement requires that anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission sources and sinks are balanced by the second half of this century. Because some nonzero sources are unavoidable, this leads to the abstract concept of “negative emissions,” the removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere through technical means. The Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) informing policy-makers assume the large-scale use of negative-emission technologies. If we rely on these and they are not deployed or are unsuccessful at removing CO2 from the atmosphere at the levels assumed, society will be locked into a high-temperature pathway.
The document presents the Sky scenario, which outlines a pathway to achieving net-zero emissions by 2070 in line with the Paris Agreement goals.
Key aspects of the Sky scenario include rapid adoption of low-carbon technologies and policies like carbon pricing that strongly incentivize emission reductions. It requires simultaneous transformation across multiple sectors including energy, industry, transport, and land use. The scenario recognizes significant challenges including rising energy demand, potential rebound effects from efficiency gains, the difficulty of decarbonizing some industrial sectors, and coal's ongoing popularity in some regions. Sky envisions addressing these through concurrent climate policy action and mass deployment of disruptive technologies.
A presentation to some members of the Swedish Parliament on the carbon cycle, carbon budget, and emission pathways consistent with "well below 2°C". Hosted by Future Earth.
Presentation given by Dr Maria Chiara Ferrari from University of Edinburgh on "Capturing CO2 from air: Research at the University of Edinburgh" at the UKCCSRC Direct Air Capture/Negative Emissions Workshop held in London on 18 March 2014
My presentation at ONS2018 (Centre Court) in Stavanger, 27 August 2018. http://www.ons.no/
Yes, there is place for new oil in a 2°C world, but how much & what criteria is up for discussion (and analysis).
Peter Styring (University of Sheffield) presenting 'Carbon Dioxide Utilisation as a Direct Air Capture Driver' at the UKCCSRC/IMechE/CO2Chem Air Capture Workshop on 20th February 2015 in London
Introduction to Carbon Dioxide RemovalAdam Briggle
This document discusses carbon dioxide removal as a means of addressing climate change. It notes that all pathways to limiting global warming to 1.5°C involve the use of carbon dioxide removal techniques to compensate for remaining emissions and achieve net negative emissions. Specifically, it will require removing 100-1000 gigatons of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere this century. However, large-scale deployment of carbon dioxide removal poses feasibility and sustainability challenges. Near-term emissions reductions can help limit required removal to a few hundred gigatons without relying heavily on bioenergy with carbon capture and storage. The document outlines natural carbon dioxide removal methods like afforestation as well as technological approaches.
This document discusses communicating the need for carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies. It argues that climate policy should focus on limiting cumulative carbon emissions rather than short-term emission rates. CCS is important for achieving long-term emission reduction goals by capturing carbon from fossil fuel use. However, CCS may not be economically viable based on carbon prices alone. Mandatory CCS requirements could help drive its deployment instead of waiting for high carbon prices. The goal of climate policy should be to achieve net-zero emissions before releasing one trillion tons of carbon or exceeding 2 degrees Celsius of warming.
Presentation given by Richard Darton of the University of Oxford on "The Sustainability of CCS" at the Alternative CCS Pathways Workshop, Oxford Martin School, 26 June 2014
Progressing CCS - From source to use: the role of fossil fuels in delivering a sustainable energy future. Presented by Jon Gibbins at the UNECE Committee on Sustainable Energy, Geneva, 19-20 November 2014
This document discusses carbon dioxide (CO2) capture from power plant flue gases. It begins by outlining the need to reduce CO2 emissions due to constraints on emissions and fossil fuel resources. It then discusses various CO2 capture technologies currently used or under development for post-combustion, pre-combustion, and oxy-fuel combustion processes. These include chemical absorption, adsorption, membranes, and cryogenic separation. The document also addresses the costs, challenges, and energy penalties associated with implementing CO2 capture at power plants.
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) will not adequately address climate change for three main reasons:
1. CCS cannot be deployed quickly or at a large enough scale to meet emissions reduction targets. Most experts believe it will not be in widespread use until late in the 21st century, too late to avoid dangerous climate change.
2. CCS is expensive and uses more energy and water than conventional power plants. It is a less cost-effective solution than energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies.
3. CCS creates long-term storage risks as the safety and integrity of underground storage sites cannot be guaranteed permanently. There is no proven solution for long-term liability in the event of storage failure or
This document discusses direct air capture (DAC) of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as a way to reverse climate change. It notes that CO2 levels have risen significantly since the Industrial Revolution and that CO2 is the largest contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. The document reviews different approaches to CO2 removal and explains that DAC is needed to capture emissions from scattered sources. It then discusses the importance of the work, identifies gaps in current research on DAC, and outlines the objectives, timeline, and expected outcomes of simulating a 1 ton/day DAC process on Aspen Plus to provide a cost analysis. Commercialization opportunities and social impacts of DAC are also summarized.
This document discusses scenarios for global carbon emissions and climate change mitigation over the next 100 years. It begins with background on historical emissions and projections for peak production of oil, gas, and coal. Unmitigated emissions would result in a doubling of atmospheric CO2 levels by 2100. Implementing stabilization "wedges" through strategies like renewable energy and efficiency could significantly reduce emissions. Modeling shows that applying 3 wedges cuts coal emissions to zero by 2100 and keeps atmospheric CO2 increases lower.
Presentation given by Dr EJ Anthony from Cranfield University about Direct Air Capture at the UKCCSRC Direct Air Capture/Negative Emissions Workshop held in London on 18 March 2014
This document summarizes Peter Eisenberger's presentation on closing the carbon cycle for sustainability. It discusses using CO2 captured from the air along with hydrogen from water to provide carbon-negative energy and sequester carbon. This approach could meet energy and economic needs sustainably while protecting the climate. It outlines Global Thermostat's technology to capture CO2 using solid sorbents on monolith contactors, which can then be used to produce fuels or sequestered underground. The technology aims to make closing the carbon cycle economically viable.
I presentation I gave at the Zero Conference (https://zerokonferansen.no/) on the role of mitigation in the industry sector relative to other sectors. The session was Scenarier for et Grønt Industrieventyr on 1 November.
2017 Masdar blogging contest competition entry on "the most important technological development over the next 10 years that will have the greatest impact in reducing climate risks". Wind, solar photovoltaics, coal and the IPCC are all discussed.
El 16 de marzo de 2016 visitó la Fundación Ramón Areces el físico Chris Llewellyn Smith, ex director del CERN, profesor de la Universidad de Oxford y presidente del Consejo de SESAME. Tituló su conferencia: '¿Serán las necesidades energéticas del futuro compatibles con la sostenibilidad?'. Esta actividad formó parte del ciclo organizado por la Fundación Ramón Areces en colaboración con la Real Sociedad Española de Física.
Presentation given by Klaus Lackner of Columbia University on "Closing the Carbon Cycle: Technology for Stopping Climate Change" at the Alternative CCS Pathways Workshop, Oxford Martin School, 26 June 2014
The document summarizes a presentation on simulating global temperature increases over the next century based on increasing CO2 concentration levels. It describes building simple linear and log models to relate CO2 levels to temperature and compares the results to projections from the IPCC. The IPCC projections show higher temperatures and more volatility due to additional factors their models incorporate like other greenhouse gases and physical processes.
Similar to Do we really need Carbon Capture & Storage? (20)
A presentation on net-zero CO2 and GHG emissions. I focus mainly on the conceptual background, discussing also the role of Carbon Dioxide Removal and offsets... Details https://klimastiftelsen.no/arrangement/klimafrokost-hva-betyr-netto-nullutslipp-i-2050-for-beslutninger-og-investeringer-i-dag/
What is the role of forests in the mitigation of climate change?Glen Peters
This document discusses the role of forests in mitigating climate change. It outlines several options for using forests, such as leaving them untouched, sustainable management, and using forest biomass for energy or other products. Afforestation and reforestation on non-forest lands are also discussed as options that likely provide climate benefits. The challenges of accounting for land use and bioenergy emissions are addressed. Scenarios showing large-scale afforestation, reforestation, and bioenergy crops by mid-century raise questions about impacts on land, water, and biodiversity. Overall, expanding forestry on existing lands and using forest biomass could help mitigate climate change if done sustainably, while large-scale conversion of forests or using
Beyond carbon budgets & back to emission scenariosGlen Peters
A presentation I gave at the International Energy Agency (IEA) 6 September 2018. I focussed on carbon budget and the diverse array of scenarios consistent with the same temperature level.
Allocating negative emissions to countriesGlen Peters
An advantage of the carbon budget is the ability to transparently share emissions to countries, for the purpose of comparability. Negative emissions makes that harder, and in this presentation we explore ways to allocate negative emissions to countries.
Tracking progress to "well below 2°C" in overshoot scenriosGlen Peters
My presentation at the International Conference on Negative CO₂ Emissions in Gothenburg, 22-24 May 2018. I focus on key issues on tracking progress when it is possible to overshoot the target, but didn't make much progress on actual indicators.
A presentation I gave for the Energy System Analysis course at the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies (led by Edgar Hertwich). I cover recent emission trends and a variety of aspects of energy system transitions in 2°C emission pathways.
Global Carbon Budget 2017 (press conference)Glen Peters
The presentation from the press conference of the Global Carbon Budget 2017 launch, with Corinne Le Quéré, myself, and Owen Gaffney (Future Earth) as chair. Webcast available here: https://unfccc.cloud.streamworld.de/webcast/the-global-carbon-budget-2017-and-tracking-progres
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
RoHS stands for Restriction of Hazardous Substances, which is also known as t...vijaykumar292010
RoHS stands for Restriction of Hazardous Substances, which is also known as the Directive 2002/95/EC. It includes the restrictions for the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment. RoHS is a WEEE (Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment).
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
3. Baseline: A world with no or little climate policy
Mitigation (Paris): We want to get to a world 1.5C or <2C, which means net-zeros emissions around 2050-2100
Source: Own calculations based on the IAMC 1.5°C Scenario Explorer
Anatomy of a scenario
4. Mitigation: Reduce emissions by technical and behavioural change (e.g., renewables, electric cars, efficiency)
Source: Own calculations based on the IAMC 1.5°C Scenario Explorer
Anatomy of a scenario
5. Fossil CCS: Perhaps we continue to use coal in industry or gas in electricity, but apply CCS to avoid emissions
Source: Own calculations based on the IAMC 1.5°C Scenario Explorer
Anatomy of a scenario
6. Non-CO2: Emissions in agriculture might be hard to avoid, such as paddy rice or meat consumption
Source: Own calculations based on the IAMC 1.5°C Scenario Explorer
Anatomy of a scenario
7. Land-use change: Large emissions from deforestation, but this needs to go to zero and preferably afforestation
Source: Own calculations based on the IAMC 1.5°C Scenario Explorer
Anatomy of a scenario
8. Carbon Dioxide Removal: We can’t get everything to zero, so we physically remove CO2 from the atmosphere
(BECCS: Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage)
Source: Own calculations based on the IAMC 1.5°C Scenario Explorer
Anatomy of a scenario
9. We now have now successfully kept global warming to 1.5C (we got to net-zero GHGs around 2060)
Source: Own calculations based on the IAMC 1.5°C Scenario Explorer
Anatomy of a scenario
10. How does CCS fit in?
Conventional mitigation Fossil with
CCUS
Removal involving
CCUS
Removal using other
techniques
11. There are many ways to 1.5C, even more ways to <2C, many pathways to 2.5C, and so on.
They all differ, but they all have the same general characteristics (less fossils, more non-fossil, some removals)
Source: Own calculations based on the IAMC 1.5°C Scenario Explorer
There are many alternative pathways
12. An average CCS facility is about 1MtCO2/yr. Building 1 per day will give 11GtCO2/yr in 2050!
Unlikely we can deploy CCS at these rates. This is just what a cost-optimising models shows!
Source: Own calculations based on the IAMC 1.5°C Scenario Explorer
Nearly all pathways require a lot of CCS
13. • Scenarios (generally) assume rationale behaviour, cost
optimisation over 100 years, discounting, “overshoot”, etc.
– They use a lot of carbon capture and storage
– Can argue scenarios use too much CCS
• But we will need some level of CCS (several GtCO2/yr)
– Mitigation: CCS may be cheapest (eg in industry)
– Removal: Offset hard-to-mitigate sectors & agriculture
– Overshoot: Reduce temperature (maybe)
• The question is not ‘if’, but ‘how much’ CCS do we need?
Do we *need* CCS?
Source: Sognnæs & Peters (2020)
14. We probably need more CCS than we can feasibly deploy!
A future for CCS? Yes…