Carbon capture and storage (CCS) will not adequately address climate change for three main reasons: 1. CCS cannot be deployed quickly or at a large enough scale to meet emissions reduction targets. Most experts believe it will not be in widespread use until late in the 21st century, too late to avoid dangerous climate change. 2. CCS is expensive and uses more energy and water than conventional power plants. It is a less cost-effective solution than energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies. 3. CCS creates long-term storage risks as the safety and integrity of underground storage sites cannot be guaranteed permanently. There is no proven solution for long-term liability in the event of storage failure or