Do probability distributions measure what did happen or what will pr.pdf

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Do probability distributions measure what did happen or what will probability happen? Please explain. Solution Probability distributions measure what may happen given the parameters. But, we can use probability distribution to find what plausibly did happen given the current observable data. This is called inferential statistics..

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What kind of organisms likely perished due to the increase of oxygen in the atmosphere three billion years ago? heterotrophs cyanobacteria obligate aerobes obligate anaerobes facultative anaerobes In the accompanying figure, note the variation in these closely related birds. What does this illustrate\'? hybridization macroevolution hybrid inviability adaptive radiation allometric radiation One critical requirement for life to arise on Earth was time for which to occur? The salinity of the oceans to stabilize The Earth\'s various climates to stabilize Molecules to accumulate and react with one another Solution 6 . B cyanobacteria Cyanobacteria increased in high amount 3 billion yrs ago dur to sudden increase in oxygen in the environment which caused fires. Anaerobes couldn\'t survive, as oxygen was toxic for them.

What kind of organisms likely perished due to the increase of oxygen .pdf

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what is the \"HTTP\" protocol used for? What are its major parts? Solution it is a application protocol for data communication for the world wide web request and response method: it contains what type of action does client want to perform uri:it is know as uniform resource indicator it will have the address of the required resource header fileds:it will tell extra information about the request body:it contains the data which sent by the client to the server via: these are used proxies to display intermediate sites that the request passes.

what is the HTTP protocol used for What are its major parts.pdf

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What is the between facial action unit and facial landmark differences ? Solution There is a difference between the facial action unit and facial landmark. The difference can be illustrated as follows: FACIAL ACTION UNIT: Humans interact far more naturally with each other tahn they do with machines. To approach the naturalness of face-to-face human interaction machines should be able to emulate the way humans communicate with each other. Although speech alone is often sufficient for communicating with another person, non-verbal communicative cues can help to synchronize the dialogue, to signal comprehensionor disagreement and to let the dialogue run smoother, with less interruptions. With facial expresssions we clarify what is said by means of lip-reading, we stress the importance of the spoken message by means of conversational signals like raisisng eyebrows, and siognal comprehension,disagrreement,boredom and intensions. Machine understanding of facial expressions could revolutionize user interfaces including ambient,automotiveand robot interfaces and has become,therefore,a hot topic in computer-vision approach. FACIAL LANDMARK: Localizing facial landmarks (i.e facial alignment) is a fundamental step in facial image analysis. However, the problem is still challenging due to the large variability in pose and appearence, and the existence of occlusions in real-world face images. EGM (Exemplar-based graph matching) framework is used in the facial landmark localization.Compared to conventional algorithms, EGM has three advantages:.

What is the between facial action unit and facial landmark differenc.pdf

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What are contemporary management challenges and opportunities? Solution Contemporary management challenges are:- The character of ownership Globalization and anti-globalization Social sustainability Corporate social responsibility and corporate criminality Environmentalsustainability Organizational misbehaviour and resistance Corporate governance Masculinisation and Feminisation of Management Organizational identity and identity work New forms of work such as emotional labour and aesthetic labour New organizational forms.

What are contemporary management challenges and opportunitiesSo.pdf

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Valinomycin is a potassium ionophore. What would be its effect on insulin secretion by cells that were exposed to valinomycin? Solution Ionosphore are the molecules which can transfer a particular ions across a semi-permeambke membrane..!! Valinomycin is also a ionophore which transfer the potassium across the cell memberane.. Due to which when it is exposed to the beta cells of insulin it inhibits the secretion of insulin in the body as potassium plays a major role in insulin secretion.. As the concentration of potassium is disturbed in the beta cells in inhibits the insulin secretion.. Hence the blood glucose level increases..!!.

Valinomycin is a potassium ionophore. What would be its effect on in.pdf

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The retrovirus genome is made of the nucleic acid before the virus becomes a provirus, in order for that to occur the form of the genome must be converted to Solution 1) Answer: The retrovirus genome is made of the nucleic acid, RNA before the virus become a provirus; in order that to occur, single stranded form of the genome must be converted to double stranded form. Explanation: A retrovirus is a single-stranded RNA virus with a DNA intermediate and, as an obligate parasite, targets a host cell. In most viruses, DNA is transcribed into RNA, and then RNA is translated into protein. However, retroviruses function differently, as their RNA is reverse-transcribed into DNA (by an enzyme reverse transcriptase), which is integrated into the host cell\'s genome (when it becomes a provirus), and then undergoes the usual transcription and translational processes to express the genes carried by the virus. 2) Answer: Human make RNA during a process called transcription. Synthesis of RNA is usually catalyzed by an enzyme—RNA polymerase—using DNA as a template, a process known as transcription..

The retrovirus genome is made of the nucleic acid before the virus be.pdf

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the probability that it is raining is .25. the orbability that it is windy is .30. if it is windy, the probability that it is raining is .40. what is the probabilty that it is raining and windy? assume that the events raining and windy are not independent. Solution Let R denote the event of raining and W that of winding. Given, P(R)=.25 P(W)=.3 and P(R|W) = .4 We know P(R|W) = P(RW) /P(W) => P(RW) = P(R|W)*P(W) =>P(RW)=P(It is raining and windy)=(.4)*(.3)=0.12.

the probability that it is raining is .25. the orbability that it is.pdf

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2)In presentation software, you can use a(n) ____ to add movement to.pdf

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Significance of Discoveries in Genetics and DNA Our understanding of genetic inheritance and the function of DNA in producing the characteristics of the individual have been developing for more than 150 years. Consider our current state of knowledge. Link genetic characteristics to DNA structure. Explain how DNA through the process of protein synthesis is responsible for the ultimate expression of the characteristics in the organism. Describe how interference in protein synthesis can result in disruption of cellular and bodily processes? How does the significance of one class of proteins, the enzymes, relate? Please answer all questions! Solution 1. Genes are segments of chromosome and correspond to DNA sequence(s). The DNA segment carries coded information for the synthesis of specific proteins which carry out different functions in the cell. The characters are expressed through proteins. DNA is packed into chromosomes. In gametes, the chromosome number is halved. The fusion of gametes in zygotes restores the chromosome number. 2. Segments of DNA called genes carry traits in encoded form. The genes undergo transcription (transfer of information from DNA to RNA). This is followed by translation which is the transfer of information from the RNA to the protein. The characters are expressed through proteins which are specific in function. 3. Various antimicrobial drugs interfere with the process of protein synthesis at the ribosome level. The information encoded in the nucleotides of DNA are expressed through proteins which carry out specific functions in the cell. Disruption of protein synthesis prevents the biochemical pathways and specific functions of proteins. 4. Enzymes are responsible for controlling various vital activities in the cell. They synthesize, deliver and eliminate various chemicals. Enzymes undergo slow depletion which reduces overall strength and viatality of the human body..

Significance of Discoveries in Genetics and DNA Our understandin.pdf

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Scope is much less complicated if functions cannot contain other function definitions (C++, Java: cannot; Ada, Pascal, Ada, Python, Ruby, Lisp: can). Give one good reason why functions should not contain other function definitions. Give one good reason why it should be allowed. Solution A function is the smallest block of code to perform a specific task. Which can be independently invoked. The variable defined in a function are available only to that block not to the whole program which gives abstraction. the scope and life of variable defined in the funciton are available only when it is invoked, which saves memory as well. b. To keep a function isolated. It\'s only used inside the function which is invoked i.e. one place. when it\'s locally used why define globally.It\'s just another way of breaking down a big function into smaller pieces without affecting the global namespace with another function name. Quite often the inner function isn\'t a stand-alone so doesn\'t rightfully belong in the global namespace..

Scope is much less complicated if functions cannot contain other func.pdf

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Refer to the drawings in Figure 13.2 of a single pair of homologous chromosomes as they might appear during various stages of either mitosis or meiosis, and answer the following questions (28). Which diagram represents chromosomes in prophase I of meiosis? I II III IV V VI Which diagram represents anaphase II of meiosis? I III IV V Solution 26) IV Explanation: During prophase I of meiosis, synapsed homologous chromosomes are observed as tetrads. 27) II Explanation: There is separation of centromeres. As a result, chromatids separate and they are now called independent chromosomes..

Refer to the drawings in Figure 13.2 of a single pair of homologous c.pdf

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Prions are viruses that cause proteins to misfold. Select one: True False Solution 12). FALSE Prion is an infectious agent completely made of a protein known as PrP, they are not viruses. Prions can fold in multiple ways to form different 3-D structures (means tertiary structure), which makes them resistant to many of the sterilization processes such as heat, UV light, formaldehyde and also resistant to proteases. Priones do not contain genetic material or capsid..

Prions are viruses that cause proteins to misfold. Select one True.pdf

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2.(Sorted list: array implementation)This sorted list ADT discussed in class should be extended by the addition of two new methods: //Interface: ArrayListADT //works for int public interface ArrayListADT { public boolean isEmpty(); //Method to determine whether the list is empty. public boolean isFull(); //Method to determine whether the list is full. public int listSize(); //Method to return the number of elements in the list. public int maxListSize(); //Method to return the maximum size of the list. public void print(); //Method to output the elements of the list. public boolean isItemAtEqual(int location, int item); //Method to determine whether item is the same as the item in the list at location. public void insertAt(int location, int insertItem); //Method to insert insertItem in the list at the position public void insertEnd(int insertItem); //Method to insert insertItem at the end of the list. public void removeAt(int location); //Method to remove the item from the list at location. public int retrieveAt(int location); //Method to retrieve the element from the list at location. public void replaceAt(int location, int repItem); //Method to replace the element in the list at location with repItem. public void clearList(); //Method to remove all the elements from the list. public int search(int searchItem); //Method to determine whether searchItem is in the list. public void remove(int removeItem); //Method to remove an item from the list. } //Class: ArrayListClass implements //Interface: ArrayListADT public abstract class ArrayListClass implements ArrayListADT { protected int length; //to store the length of the list protected int maxSize; //to store the maximum size of the list protected int[] list; //array to hold the list elements //Default constructor public ArrayListClass() { maxSize = 100; length = 0; list = new int[maxSize]; } //Alternate Constructor public ArrayListClass(int size) { if(size <= 0) { System.err.println(\"The array size must be positive. Creating an array of size 100.\"); maxSize = 100; } else maxSize = size; length = 0; list = new int[maxSize]; } public boolean isEmpty() { return (length == 0); } public boolean isFull() { return (length == maxSize); } public int listSize() { return length; } public int maxListSize() { return maxSize; } public void print() { for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) System.out.print(list[i] + \" \"); System.out.println(); } public boolean isItemAtEqual(int location, int item) { if (location < 0 || location >= length) { System.err.println(\"The location of the item to be compared is out of range.\"); return false; } return list[location]== item; } public void clearList() { for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) list[i] = 0; length = 0; System.gc(); //invoke the Java garbage collector } public void removeAt(int location) { if (location < 0 || location >= length) System.err.println(\"The location of the item to be removed is out of range.\"); else { for(int i = location; i < length - 1; i++) list[i] .

2.(Sorted list array implementation)This sorted list ADT discussed .pdf

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Organ transplants recipients take medications to suppress their immune system for a lifetime. What specific type(s) of immune response are they suppressing? What types of infections are they most susceptible to? Why? Solution Transplantation is the act of transferring cells, tissues, organs from one site to another. The malfunction of an organ system can be corrected with transplantation of an organ ( eg: kidney, liver, heart, lung, and pancreas) from donor Immunosuppressive drugs: 1. immunophillin binding agents: eg: cyclosporine, tacrolimus these agents suppress calcineurin inhibitors, they primarily suppress activation of T cells by inhibition of cytokine production IL-2 2.Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR inhibitors) which inhibitss IL-2 mediated signal transduction result of B-cells, T-cells arrest in G1-S phase. 3. Antiproliferative agents inhibits DNA replication and suppress B-cell, T-cells proliferation. 4. Steriods important for treating episodes of acute rejection 5. NK cell inactivation Use of immunosuppressive drugs requires balance between risk of loss of transplanted organ and toxicity agents Most susceptible infection of transplantation are shown below: Bacterial infections: The type of bacteria infection observed following organ transplantation are divided as follows: 1. Those related to transplantation operation 2. Those related to prolonged hospitalization (nosocomial infection) 3. Those related to immunosuppressive treatment Bacterial infection occurs in 33 to 68% of liver transplant recipients, 21 to 30% of heart transplant recipients and 35% pancrease transplant recipients, 47% of kidney transplant recipients. The following bacteria causes infection during transplantation are given below: Legionella spp Nocardia spp Salmonella spp Listeria monocytogenes Viral infections: Cytomegalovirus Herpes Simplex Virus Varicella Zoster Virus Epistein barr Virus HIV Hepatitis Virus Fungal infections: Candida spp Cryptococcus neoformans Endemic Dimorphic Fungi Parasitic infections: Toxoplasma gondii Strongylodies stercoralis.

Organ transplants recipients take medications to suppress their immu.pdf

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Need Bacteria Factor VIII Bio wiz please, last chance!! Incorrect. At least one of the statements you have selected is incorrect. Think about the similarities and differences between transcription and translation in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. What cellular machinery involved is similar in each type of organism? Order the steps that would be used in a laboratory to engineer a bacterium that could express the human gene coding for factor ViI. Not all steps will be placed. Continued below... solate the human gene that produces factor VIlI. The factor VIlI protein is isolated from human tissues. Isolate the mRNA of the factor VIlIl gene. Generate cDNA of the factor VIlI gene using reverse transcriptase.gene Insert the factor VIlII cDNA into a bacterial vector near a promoter site Transform the vector into an E. coli bacterium. Human DNA is introduced into the bacterial cell using a projectile gun and DNA-coated tungsten E. coli expresses factor VIII. Scroll up for feedback Solution In the first section the last statement you have selected is incorrect i.e. there is no fit for the sentence \"Human DNA is introduced into the bacterial cell using a projectile gun and DNA coated tungsten\" as in the process of transformation the plasmid vector containing factor VII gene under a bacterial promoter is already introduced inside the bacterial cell. The plasmid vector containing factor VII gene under a bacterial promoter inside the bacterial cell will be under bacterial promoter control. Universality of DNA sequence will allow it to transcribe but codon biasness may hinder the expression. There is degeneracy of genetic codon i.e. alternative triplet codon is used to mean for amino acids. When the triplet code for no amino acid (stop codon) or tRNA for that code is not available the transcription terminates. If the tRNA is not readily available then the transcription eventually terminates. So E. coli is added with another plasmid like RIL/RIPL plus to supplement those tRNA those are frequently and exclusively used in eukaryotic sequence. In RIPL plus cess there is no limited tRNA for R, I, P and L so the code reads without attenuation. So the Answer to the second question is \"The gene will induce attenuation in the bacterial cell, which will cause a delay in the transcription and translation of the factor VII gene. Instead of supplementing RIPL it would have been managed by modifying codon of the introduced gene of factor VII for bacteria optimised codons but in the question it is mentioned that the gene is unmodified. The eukaryotic gene under bacterial promoter can be transcribed and translated using prokaryotic system. The intronic sequence is not present in the cDNA when it is reverse transcribed from mRNA as introns are processed or removed in processed mRNA. The plasmid vector containing factor VII gene under a bacterial promoter inside the bacterial cell..

Need Bacteria Factor VIII Bio wiz please, last chance!! Incorrect. A.pdf

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Multiplexing Question. Describe (briefly) the technique of multiplexed switching of analogue signals. Solution Different type of multiplexing is used in communication. The following three major multiplexing techniques : 1.Frequency division multiplexing 2.Wavelength division multiplexing 3.Time division multiplexing 1. Frequency Division Multiplexing In this type of multiplexing, signals are generated by sending different device-modulated carrier frequencies, and these modulated signals are then combined into a single signal that can be transported by the link. To accommodate the modulated signal, the carrier frequencies are separated with enough bandwidth, and these bandwidth ranges are the channels through which different signals travel. These channels can be separated by unused bandwidth. Some of the examples for the time division multiplexing include radio and television signal transmission. 2. Wavelength Division Multiplexing Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is a technology in fiber optic communications; and, for the high capacity communication systems, wavelength division multiplexing is the most promising concept. This system uses multiplexer at transmitter to join signals and demultiplexer to split the signals apart, at the receiver end. The purpose of WDM is to combine multiple light sources into a single light source at the multiplexer; and, at the demultiplexer the single light is converted into multiple light sources. WDM is designed to use the high data rate capability of the fiber optic cable. The data rate of this cable is higher than the metallic transmission cable’s data rate. Conceptually, the wavelength division multiplexing is same as the frequency division multiplexing, except for the transmission through the fiber optic channels wherein the multiplexing and demultiplexing involves optical signals. 3. Time-Division Multiplexing Time division multiplexing is a technique used to transmit a signal over a single communication channel by dividing the time frame into slots – one slot for each message signal. Time-division multiplexing is primarily applied to digital signals as well as analog signals, wherein several low speed channels are multiplexed into high-speed channels for transmission. Based on the time, each low-speed channel is allocated to a specific position, where it works in synchronized mode. At both the ends, i.e., the multiplexer and demultiplexer are timely synchronized and simultaneously switched to the next channel. Types of TDM Time division multiplexing is classifieds into four types: *Synchronous time-division multiplexing *Asynchronous time-division multiplexing *Interleaving time-division multiplexing *Statistical time-division multiplexing.

Multiplexing Question.Describe (briefly) the technique of multiple.pdf

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need this program in java please and thanks! NOTICE: There are NO static variables allowed in this lab. The only class that a static method is allowed is in the TestDriver class. The only static method that you actually really need is main. The purpose of this lab is to give you an opportunity to create your own linked list data structure and implement all the methods specified below to do list operations. The following specifies the linked list class which you must implement. Only implement the methods listed below. Do NOT add any additional member variables. class OrderedLinkedList { private class Node { // NOTE: The member variables are public so the methods // of the OrderedLinkedList class have direct access to them // NO setters and getters are needed – more efficient access. public String payload; public int keyValue; public Node next; // Explicit value constructor for the Node class public Node(String payload, int value) { …. } } private Node first; // This is the only member variable allowed. // You can NOT add any other member variables!!! public OrderedLinkedList ( ) { … } // default constructor public boolean empty( ) { … } // returns true if list is empty public String getFirst( ) throws Exception { … } // The first node is removed from the list and its payload is returned. // An exception with a meaningful error message is thrown if the list is empty. public String getLast( ) throws Exception { … } // The last node is removed from the list and its payload is returned. // An exception with a meaningful error message is thrown if the list is empty. public void insert(String payload, int key) throws Exception { … } // The insert method creates a new node, puts the input parameter values // into the new node, and then inserts the node into the list in sorted order // based on the keyValue. For example, if a list has 3 nodes with key values // of 5, 10, and 15, insertion of a new node which has a key value of 12 would // require that the new node was inserted after the node with key value of 10. // If the key being inserted is already in the list, throw an Exception with a // meaningful error string. Make sure that you test all possible cases for insertion. public void remove(int key) throws Exception { … } // Traverse the list, keeping track of where the precedessor for each node // is located. When the value is found in some node in the list, make the // predecessor node bypass the node which holds the value. If the key value // is not found, throw an Exception that indicates the error has occurred. public int listCount( ) { … } // Returns the number of nodes in the list. public String getValue(int key) throws Exception { … } // Traverse the list until you locate the requested key value. Return the // payload from the node which has the requested key value. If the key value // is not found, throw an Exception that indicates the error has occurred. public String toString( ) { … } // Override the toString method and create a string t.

need this program in java please and thanks!NOTICE There are NO s.pdf

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A researcher follows Great Horned Owls throughout Idaho. They collect the pellets and estimate the amount of DDT in the adult owls given what they are eating to follow the impacts this chemical has on owl reproduction. Define what level of ecological research is being addressed (population, community or ecosystem ecology) and explain your reasoning for why this study fits this ecological level. Solution The level of ecological research that is being addressed here is population.This is because, throughout Idaho,all the Great Horned Owls together make a population.Estimation that is being carried out is among all the members of the same species i.e Great Horned Owls.Further,in this ecological research,the effect of one variable i.e DDT on owl\'s reproduction is being studied which will give a clue as to if the population of owl is decreasing or increasing in response to DDT intake..

A researcher follows Great Horned Owls throughout Idaho. They collect.pdf

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Introduction: Programmers for a Better Tomorrow Programmers for a Better Tomorrow is an organization dedicated to helping charities, medical societies, and scholarship organizations manage various tasks so that they can focus on making the world a better place! They have asked you and your classmates to help them develop some new programs to benefit their organizations. Problem: Food Bank Management (foodbank.c) Programmers for a Better Tomorrow is now in partnership with a local Food Bank which distributes food items to people in need. People come in to a Food Bank and make their donations, and others might come in to make a request for any food item they want. A Food Bank Management Program is used to keep track of the stock the Food Bank has (i.e., the donations), keep a record of requests that come in, fulfilling requests and printing the status report which consists of the amount of stock present in the food bank and the requests that are not yet fulfilled. The program will require you to make at least one array. You may choose to make multiple one- dimensional arrays: one to serve as a Donations Table and one to serve as a Request Table. The index of the array will represent the inventory type. The value in the array will represent the amount present or needed of that type. You may, instead, choose to combine these to two arrays into a single two-dimensional array. There are 5 inventory types: Protein Dairy Grains Vegetables Fruits Your program should allow the user the following options: Enter a Donation Enter a Request Fulfill Requests Print status report Exit Option 1: Ask the user for the inventory type and amount of the donation to be made. When the donation has been added to the donations table, the program should notify the user by printing out “Donation Added”. Option 2: Ask the user for the inventory type and amount of the request to be made. When the request has been added to the requests table, the program should notify the user by printing out “Request Added”. Option 3: Check each type of inventory in the Request Table. For each item that has a value in the request table, check to see if there is inventory of the same type in the donations table. If there are no donations of that type, print “ requests cannot be fulfilled.” Replace with the correct inventory type (Dairy, Fruit, etc.). If there is some inventory in the donations table, but not enough to process all requests, print “ requests will be partially fulfilled”. Reduce both the donation and request amounts based on how much of the request was able to be fulfilled. Replace with the correct inventory type (Dairy, Fruit, etc.). If there is enough inventory to fulfill the request, print “type x> requests will be fulfilled.” Reduce the appropriate amount from the Donations Table and remove the amount from the Request Table. Replace with the correct inventory type (Dairy, Fruit, etc.). Option 4: Print both tables, indicating which is for donations and which is for requests.

Introduction Programmers for a Better TomorrowProgrammers for a B.pdf

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Is there any way in which we can accept Hobbes\' view of human being in the state of nature, and yet reject his positivistic account of politics and law? Solution Hobbes’s view of human being says that all are equal with freedom that creates rights and liabilities. Further, Hobbes says that if there is no law then there is no justice. Former statement can be accepted while later statement can be denied due to following reasons:.

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