Significance of Discoveries in Genetics and DNA Our understanding of genetic inheritance and the function of DNA in producing the characteristics of the individual have been developing for more than 150 years. Consider our current state of knowledge. Link genetic characteristics to DNA structure. Explain how DNA through the process of protein synthesis is responsible for the ultimate expression of the characteristics in the organism. Describe how interference in protein synthesis can result in disruption of cellular and bodily processes? How does the significance of one class of proteins, the enzymes, relate? Please answer all questions! Solution 1. Genes are segments of chromosome and correspond to DNA sequence(s). The DNA segment carries coded information for the synthesis of specific proteins which carry out different functions in the cell. The characters are expressed through proteins. DNA is packed into chromosomes. In gametes, the chromosome number is halved. The fusion of gametes in zygotes restores the chromosome number. 2. Segments of DNA called genes carry traits in encoded form. The genes undergo transcription (transfer of information from DNA to RNA). This is followed by translation which is the transfer of information from the RNA to the protein. The characters are expressed through proteins which are specific in function. 3. Various antimicrobial drugs interfere with the process of protein synthesis at the ribosome level. The information encoded in the nucleotides of DNA are expressed through proteins which carry out specific functions in the cell. Disruption of protein synthesis prevents the biochemical pathways and specific functions of proteins. 4. Enzymes are responsible for controlling various vital activities in the cell. They synthesize, deliver and eliminate various chemicals. Enzymes undergo slow depletion which reduces overall strength and viatality of the human body..

1. Significance of Discoveries in Genetics and DNA
Our understanding of genetic inheritance and the function of DNA in producing the
characteristics of the individual have been developing for more than 150 years.
Consider our current state of knowledge.
Link genetic characteristics to DNA structure.
Explain how DNA through the process of protein synthesis is responsible for the ultimate
expression of the characteristics in the organism.
Describe how interference in protein synthesis can result in disruption of cellular and bodily
processes?
How does the significance of one class of proteins, the enzymes, relate?
Please answer all questions!
Solution
1. Genes are segments of chromosome and correspond to DNA sequence(s). The DNA segment
carries coded information for the synthesis of specific proteins which carry out different
functions in the cell. The characters are expressed through proteins.
DNA is packed into chromosomes. In gametes, the chromosome number is halved. The fusion of
gametes in zygotes restores the chromosome number.
2. Segments of DNA called genes carry traits in encoded form. The genes undergo transcription
(transfer of information from DNA to RNA). This is followed by translation which is the transfer
of information from the RNA to the protein. The characters are expressed through proteins which
are specific in function.
3. Various antimicrobial drugs interfere with the process of protein synthesis at the ribosome
level. The information encoded in the nucleotides of DNA are expressed through proteins which
carry out specific functions in the cell. Disruption of protein synthesis prevents the biochemical
pathways and specific functions of proteins.
4. Enzymes are responsible for controlling various vital activities in the cell. They synthesize,
deliver and eliminate various chemicals. Enzymes undergo slow depletion which reduces overall
strength and viatality of the human body.