DNA contains all the genetic information of an organism that is passed from one generation to the next through inheritance. DNA is made up of nucleotides containing four bases that provide the code for an organism's traits. During cell division and reproduction, DNA is copied and passed from parents to offspring in the form of genes on chromosomes, allowing inheritance of physical and behavioral characteristics.

1. ● Presented by: Sawera Rasheed (24)
Sehrish (25)
● Topic: DNA and it's role in inheritance

2. DNA
● The macromolecule that stores all of an organism’s genetic
information.
● DNA is a type of nucleic acid.
● Important property of DNA is that it can replicate or make
copies of itself.
● Chromosome is a long, coiled piece of DNA.
● Gene is segment of DNA that codes for speci c trait or
protein.

3. ● DNA is important for not only humans but also for
other organisms.
● Every cell in person's body has same DNA.
● Structure of DNA was established by Watson and Crick
in 1953.
● Complete set of DNA is called genome. It contain 3
billion bases, 20,000 genes, 23 pairs of chromosomes.
● Inheritance is transmission of information from one
generation to another.

5. Types of DNA
Nuclear DNA
● Most DNA is located in
cell nucleus, called
nuclear DNA.
● It is combination of
both your ancestor's
DNA.
Mitochondrial DNA
● Small amount of DNA
can also be found in
mitochondria, called
mitochondrial DNA.
● Which you can only get
from your mother.

7. How genes are inherited?
● One copy is inherited from mother (via eggs) and other
from father (via sperm).
● Sperm and egg each contain one set of 23 chromosomes
● When sperm fertilizes egg 2 copies of each chromosome are
present ( and therefore 2 copies of gene ) and so an embryo
forms.

9. What role does DNA play in inheritance?
● It packs in all the genetic information and passes it onto the
next generation.
● DNA make gene, gene make chromosomes.

10. DNA and it's role in inheritance
● DNA contain tons of information and is actually very long. If
you took all the DNA out of one of your cell and stretched it out,
it would be about 5 feet long. This is why DNA condenses into
chromosome to t inside the cell.
● The information in DNA is stored as a code made up of four
chemical bases.
1. Adenine (A). 2. Cytosine (C)
3. Thyamine(T). 4. Guanine(G)

12. ● These four bases control everything about an organism
from hair color to number of legs.
● Human DNA consist of 3 billion bases connected together.
● More than 99% of these bases are same in all people.
● They are all sorted in just 23 pairs of chromosomes.
● The order or sequence of these bases determine the
information available for building and maintaining an
organism.
● DNA bases pair up with eachother, A with T, C with G to
form units called base pairs.

13. ● Each base is attached to sugar molecule and a phosphate
molecule.
● Together a base, sugar and a phosphate is called
nucleotide.
● Nucleotides are arranged in 2 long strands that form a
spiral called double helix.
● Order of nucleotide in an organism's DNA results in
physical and even some behavioural characteristics of an
organism.

14. Questions regarding topic
Q1 : De ne the terms, DNA, gene, chromosome, inheritance,
nucleotide, double helix, base pairs, genome.
Q2 : How genes are inherited?
Q3 : What role does DNA play in inheritance?
Q4 : What is the role of nucleotide and four chemical bases?
Q5 : Why do you resemble one parent so much but not other?