all the data of dna

1. Presented By:
YASWANTH G
15471A0481

2. CONTENT:
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY OF
STORAGE
DEVICES
PROBLEMS WITH
PRESENT
STORAGE DIVICE
WHAT IS DNA?
WHY DNA AS
STORAGE DEVICE
DATA
ENCODING
CHALLENGES
RELATED TO
DNA
ADVANTAGES OBSTRUCTIONS
FUTURE SCOPE CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION :
 Every day we produce about
25billion GB digital data .
 Total digital data worldwide
is forecast to grow over 18
zeta bytes in 2018.
 At present we storage devices
like hard discs ,magnetic
tapes ,pen drives etc.
 But if the same goes on all the
recourses will be vanished by
a few decades
 To solve this DNA came into
play a major role in data
storage

4. PROBLEMS WITH PRESENT
STORAGE DIVICE :
 Capacity of existing storage media :keeping up
this is the major problem people around the world
creating big warehouses to store information this
facilities require large quantity electricity, plenty
of space and regular maintenance.
 Durability in hard disks is also a major problem
 Present devices are not working properly in
extreme environment.
 Attacking with virus and other malware .
 Attack with the hackers .
 Becomes expensive with a increase in storage .

5. “ That means cost is increasing
but our budgets are not “
So it’s the time to use innovative
substitute
i.e., long lived ,stable and easily
synthesized ,high secured .
That is nothing but
DNA

6. “What is
DNA……!!”

7. What is DNA…… ?
 Deoxyribose nucleic acid
 It is a molecule that encodes the genetic
instructions.
 Most DNA molecules are double-stranded
helices.
 Each molecule consists of two long biopolymers
made of simpler units called nucleotides—each
nucleotide is composed of a nucleobase recorded
using the letters G, A, T, and C.
 DNA is well-suited for biological information
storage.

8. Why DNA as Storage Device ………
 Storing digital data on DNA holds tremendous potential because it overcomes all
the shortcomings of current data storage science .
 It will contains all genetic information related to life and it is the oldest natural
data storage device in the world it has all the information of every animal from its
origin to evolution .
 DNA contains information about thousands of different enzymes with the
sequences of nucleotides ATGC we use different algorithms to convert binary
information into sequence of nucleotides.
 If it is successfully done we can store 1 Exabyte of data in 1mm DNA
 it is a very compact storage system 1 gm of DNA can store up to 215 peta bytes
of data

9.  DNA data storage don’t need energy source so it’s not susceptible to
data loss in the event of power loss.
 It is long lasting as long as medium is kept in relative stable state, it can
last thousands years without degradation half-life of DNA in
unfavourable conditions also is more than 500 years.
 DNA data storage doesn’t get corrupted by different bugs and malware
as regular data storing devices.
 It does not degrade with exposure to magnetic fields or to extreme
temperatures
 We can store our whole history of mankind, literature, art, knowledge
safely with the help of DNA for future generations without losing any
data.

10. DATA ENCODING :

11. EXAMPLE OF ENCODING
 First we should use numbers to represent the letters in ASCII code
From ASCII code table
Y=89
A=65
S=83
H=72
Change to “quaternary numbers”
89=1121
65=1001
83=1103
72=1020
Using DNA “A ,T, C & G” as coding
0=A
1=T
2=C
3=G
YASH : 1121100111031020
TTCGTAATTTAGTACA
This A ,G, C, T sequence avoids any reading errors,
particularly when encountering repetitive base
sequences. Also, rather than synthesize one long
string of DNA to code for an entire item of
information, they broke the file down to smaller
chunks, so that no errors occur during synthesis or
read-out. These chunks are then read in an
appropriate manner or protocol, providing for 100
per cent accuracy.

12. OTHER CODES FOR ENCODING :
 The Huffman Code
 The Comma Code
 The Alternate Code
 Comma Free Code
 Improved Huffman Coding
 Perfect Genetic Code

13. Challenges in DNA storage..
 The process is very costly the cost related to sequence the DNA is much
higher.
 The recovery speed of data is very slow.
 On these both points scientists are finding the way out .
 DNA synthesis and sequencing both technologies are improving at an
exponential rate with advances in biotechnology industry and one day the
major challenges may solve.

14. Advantages:
 Needs no active maintenance.
 Stores digital files without electricity
for thousands of years.
 Last for tens of thousands of years .
 We can store 2.2 peta bytes in one
gram of DNA.
 Highly reliable.

15. Obstructions :
 Today the Speed is low .
 Cost is high.
 New type of coding methods

16. Future scope :
“Goodbye Silicon, Hello DNA. The Future of Data
Storage device”
DNA can be used in :
 1.DNA Computing
 2.DNA Nanotechnology

17. “BOON OF GREEN
GLOBE…..”
DNA MEMORY