It's about biological computing,DNA and bio computer,and also their advantages,dis advantages and limitations.

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SANJNANA URMY
13CSE030

3. WHAT IS BIO COMPUTER?
Bio computers are not robots or any spiritual
beings but they work like a powerful computer.
It has the CPU as its brain and DNA are its
softwares.
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4. WHATISTHEMEANING OFTHETERM
“BIO”
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5. Biological Computing
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6. WHAT IS BIOLOGICAL
COMPUTING?
 Biological Computing means such a computing
process which use synthesized biological
components to store and manipulate data
analogous to processes in the human body.
 The result is faster computing process that
operates with great accuracy.
 Main biological component used in
Biological Computing is : DNA
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7. WHY BIO
COMPUTING ??
 Moore’s Law states that silicon
microprocessor complexity will double in
every 18 months.
 To overcome the limitations of current
Computing Technology BIO-Chips made up
of DNA is used as a substitute for silicon
chips.
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8. TYPES OF BIO-COMPUTERS
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9. WHAT IS DNA?
 DNA Stands for De-Oxy Ribo Nucleic Acid.
 A hereditary material found in almost all living
organisms.
 Located inside the nucleus of a cell.
 Helps in long term storage of information.
 DNA is stored as a
code made of four chemical bases(A,T,G,C).
-These bases are like 0’s and 1’s used in Silicon
Computers.
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10. STRUCTURE OF DNA
 The two strands of DNA
molecule are anti parallel
where each strand runs in
opposite direction.
 Complementary base pairs
Adenine(A) & Thymine(T)
Guanine(G) & Cytosine(C)
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11. WHAT IS A DNA COMPUTER?
 DNA computer is a molecular computer that works
biochemically to solve complex problems and different
possible solutions are created all at once.
 It computes using enzymes that react with DNA strands
and cause chain reactions.
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12. EVOLUTION OF THE DNA
COMPUTER
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13. EVOLUTION OF THE DNA
COMPUTER(1)
 Began in 1994 when Dr.Leonard Aldemsn wrote
the paper “Molecular computation of solutions to
combinatorial problems”.
 He then carried out this experiment successfully-
although it took him days to do so!
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14. INVENTOR
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I believe things like DNA computing
will eventually lead the way to a
“molecular revolution,” which
ultimately will have a very dramatic
effect on the world.
L. Adleman

15. EVOLUTION OF THE DNA
COMPUTER(2)
 DNA computer moved from test tubes on to gold plates
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16. EVOLUTION OF THE DNA
COMPUTER(3)
 First Practical DNA computer unveiled in 2002 , used
in gene analysis.
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17. EVOLUTION OF THE DNA
COMPUTER(4)
 Self powered DNA computer unveiled in 2003.
o First programmable autonomous computing
machine in which the input,output,software and
hardware are all made of DNA molecules.
o Can perform a billion operations per second with
99.8% accuracy
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18. EVOLUTION OF THE DNA
COMPUTER(5)
 Biological computer developed that could be
used to fight cancers.
 ‘Designer DNA’ identifies abnormal and is
attracted to it.
 The Designer molecule then releases
chemicals to inhibits its growth or even kill
the malignant cells.
 Successfully tested on animals.
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19. HOW DNA WORKS AS A
COMPUTER
Electronic computers store data in binary
form then resemble and interpret the
information in meaningful way.
A DNA computer has the same basic abilities
to store information and compute solutions .But
its working method is different. It works off
molecular automations and preset reactions.
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20. PROPERTIES OF A DNA
COMPUTER
 Dense data storage.
 Massively parallel computation.
 Extraordinary energy efficiency.
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21. HOW DENSE IS THE DATA
STORAGE?
 1 gram of DNA =2.2 Petabytes
 1 PB = 1000000000000000B =
1015
bytes = 1000 terabytes.
Photo: European Molecular Biology
Laboratory
Nick Goldman
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22. HOW DENSE IS THE DATA
STORAGE?(CONTINUOUS……….)
 The number of CDs required to hold this
amount of information, lined up edge to edge,
would circle the Earth 375 times, and would
take1630 centuries to listen to. 22

23. HOW ENORMOUS IS THE
PARALLELISM?
 A test tube of DNA can contain trillions of
strands. Each operation on a test tube of
DNA is carried out on all strands in the tube
in parallel !
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24. HOW EXTRAORDINARY IS THE
ENERGY EFFICIENCY?
 Modern supercomputers = 109
operations/joule
 DNA computer = 2*10^19
operations/joule
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25. CONVENTIONAL VS. BIOLOGICAL
COMPUTERS
Conventional Biological
Component
materials
Inorganic, e.g. silicon Biological,e.g.DNA
Processing scheme Sequential and limited
massively parallel
Massively parallel
Energy efficient ? No Yes
Quantum effects a
problem?
Yes No
Toxic components? Yes No 25

26. APPLICATIONS OF DNA
COMPUTING
 DNA chips
 Cryptography
 Genetic Programming
 Medical Application
 Cracking of coded messages
 DNA fingerprinting
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27. ADVANTAGES OF DNA
COMPUTERS
 Cheap resource & plentiful supply.
 DNA biochips can be made cleanly so no toxic
materials are used.
 Many times smaller in size than current Computers.
 Parallel Computing
 Low power- The only power needed is to keep DNA
from denaturing.
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28. FUTURE
 Taiwan introduces world's 1st DNA chip
 They are planning to use this Chip on ID
card to crack down frauds using fake ID
cards.
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29. LIMITATIONS / CURRENT
PROBLEMS
 It involves a relatively large amount of error.
 Requires human assistance.
 Time consuming laboratory procedures.
 No universal method of data representation.
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30. DISADVANTAG
ES
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31. CONCLUSION
 DNA computers showing enormous potential,
especially for medical purposes as well as data
processing applications.
 Still a lot of work and resources required to
develop it into a fully fledged product.
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32. QUESTIONS????
THANK YOU !!!!!
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