This document discusses factors that influence disease transmission and different types of pathogens. It identifies environmental factors like climate and socio-economic factors like sanitation that can impact disease spread. It then categorizes different elements in the chain of infection and provides examples of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention levels. The document proceeds to define different types of pathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and parasitic worms. It provides examples of diseases caused by each and their symptoms.

2. Factors that Influence Disease
Transmission
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTOR
SANITATION
AND
SANITATION
FACILITIES
CLIMATE
POLLUTION
CULTURAL
PRACTICES
PROSTITUTION
LIVING
ARRANGEMENT
S
ACTIVITY NO.2

3. DIFFERENT ELEMENTS
OF THE CHAIN OF
INFECTION

4. A.
B.
C.
E.
D.
ACTIVITY NO.4

5. A. GERM
B. SOURCE OF GERM
C. TRANSMISSION OF DISEASE
E. HOW DISEASE INFECTS
D. INFECTED

6. Fill in each blank with
appropriate entry/word. Then,
follow these guidelines to
reduce the spread of
infections.
ACTIVITY NO.5

7. .
1. everyday to keep your skin, hair, and nails clean.
2. Avoid sharing or drinking utensils.
3. Store & prepare food in a safe way to prevent food
_____________
4 . your hands after using the toilet and wash
5. your hands before and _________ eating.
6. If you are sick, avoid sharing your sickness to others.
Cover your when coughing.
7-10. There are three other ways to protect yourself from
__________ diseases. You can become by
having the disease. You can be immunized by injection.
If a ______ is available, then you can practice
__________ back.

8. 1. PRIMARY LEVEL is used before the person
gets the disease.
- includes getting immunized
- eating a healthy diet
- getting enough sleep.

9. 2. SECONDARY LEVEL

10. 3.TERTIARY LEVEL

11. WHAT I SHOULD DO WHAT I SHOULD NOT BE DOING
1
2
3 .
4
5
ACTIVITY NO.6

12. WHAT I SHOULD DO WHAT I SHOULD NOT BE DOING
Drink using my own bottle/glass 1 I should NOT drink from someone’s bottle/glass.
Use my own hair comb/brush 2 I should NOT use someone’s hair comb/brush.
Use my own towel 3 I should NOT use other’s towel.
Use a clean sock everyday 4 I should NOT use other’s sock.
Wash my hands with clean water and soap before and
after I use it (hands)
5 I should NOT be lazy to wash my hands before and after
using it (hands).

14. PATHOGEN -
.

15. 1. BACTERIA
-are one-celled microscopic organisms that
rank among the most widespread of living
things.
-most bacteria do not cause disease.
- in order to live, all bacteria must have a food
supply, as well as suitable temperature,
moisture and darkness
- some bacteria digest nonliving food materials
such as milk and meat

16. PARASITE.
HOST.

17. 2. TOXIN BACTERIA
produces a certain poison.
BOTULISM is a food poison.
These bacterial live in the
soil. Once they enter the
body through a wound,
they can cause tetanus or
lockjaw. Other bacteria
cause pneumonia.

19. 3.RESIDENT BACTERIA
It lives in the human mouth
and intestines and on our
skin
- These help protect us from
harmful bacteria
- Resident bacteria cause
infection when it moves
from where residents are

20. LACTOBACILI- found in
the gastro- intestinal
tract, produce lactic
acid from simple
carbohydrate
COLIFORM BACILLI-
found in the intestines,
help break down
carbohydrates and
combat disease-
causing bacteria

21. RICKETTSIAS -organisms
that are considered
intermediate, that is,
somewhere between a
virus and a bacterium.
- requires living cells in
order to grow and
multiply.
- Ex. Typhus fever

22. VIRUS - are small, simple
life-like forms from one
half to 100 the size of a
bacteria.
- Worst enemies of
human
- Parasites
Ex. Rabies virus, Cold
virus, mumps, polio
virus
Warts, chicken pox

23. FUNGI-
saprophytes(cannot
prefer their own food)
prefer dark, damp
environments
- invade mainly deep
tissues of the hair, nails
and skin.
- Yeast and mushrooms
- ring worm, athlete’sfoot

24. PROTOZOANS- single-
celled organisms that are
larger than bacteria and
have a more complex
cellular structure.
Most are harmless and
they are most common
in tropical areas that
have poor sanitation.
Excause malaria, African
sleeping sickness and
amoebic dysentery, a
severe intestinal
infection.

25. PARASITIC
WORMS

27. A parasite is a disease-causing organism that
lives on or in a human or another animal and
derives its nourishment from its host.
-A worm is classified as a parasite.
-also called HELMINTHS live in humans

28. HELMINTH- is derived from the Greek "helmins"
(worm)
Helminth eggs contaminate food, water, air, feces, pets and wild
animals, and objects such as toilet seats and door handles.
The eggs enter the body of a human through the mouth, the
nose, and the anus. Once inside the body, helminth eggs
usually lodge in the intestines, hatch, grow, and multiply

29. Helminthology is the study of parasitic worms.

30. Common helminths and the problems they
cause include the following:
• ROUNDWORM:
Roundworms hatch and
live in the intestines.
The eggs usually enter the
body through
contaminated water or
food or on fingers placed
in the mouth after the
hands have touched a
contaminated object.

31. Symptoms of their presence
• fatigue,weight loss,
irritability, poor
appetite, abdominal pain
and diarrhea
Without
treatment, anemia and
malnutrition can develop.

32. 2. PINWORM - called
seatworms and
threadworms,
Hatch and live primarily in the
intestines. The eggs usually enter
the body through the anus,
through the nose or mouth via
inhaled air, or through the mouth
on fingers that have touched a
contaminated object.

33. Symptoms
anal itching, pale skin ,
stomach discomfort,
discharge, itching

34. TRICHINA SPIRALIS- lives in the
intestines and causes a
serious illness known
as trichinosis. The eggs usually
enter the body via raw or
undercooked pork, sausage or
bear meat. In the intestines, the
eggs hatch, mature, and migrate
to other parts of the body
through the bloodstream and the
lymphatic system

35. Symptoms
vomiting, diarrhea,
abdominal cramps,
high fever, puffiness of
the face and muscle
pain
requires analysis of a
tissue sample (biopsy)
taken from muscles.

36. TAPEWORM- live in the
intestines. The eggs
usually enter the body via
raw or uncooked beef.
Symptoms of their
presence are usually
absent

37. Some patients experience
abdominal pain, fatigue, weight
loss, and diarrhea

38. Fluke - live in different
locations in the body,
including the intestines,
bladder, rectum, liver,
spleen, lungs, and veins

39. They can enter the body of
humans by penetrating the skin
of persons swimming, bathing,
or washing in water where
flukes are active.
Most infected persons experience no
symptoms. However, some infected
persons may experience rash,
itching, muscle aches, coughing,
chills, and fever. Flukes can invade
the spinal cord or brain and cause
seizures and paralysis.