Disease prevention and control

1. DISEASE
PREVENTION AND
CONTROL
(Communicable)
ROBBIE JEAN B. ALVARADO
DLNNNHS

2. COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
A communicable disease is one that is spread from one p
erson to another through a variety of ways that include: con
tact with blood and bodily fluids; breathing in an airborne vi
rus; or by being bitten by an insect.

3. Can you name some common
communicable diseases?

4. Common Communicable Disease
Tuberculosis Dengue
Flu Typhoid fever
Measles Rabies
HIV/AIDS Cholera
Malaria Diphtheria
Hepatitis A Ringworm
Hepatitis B
Chicken Pox
Meningitis
Mumps
Common cold

5. Factors that Influence Disease Transmission
FACTORS
ENVIRONMENTAL
SANITATION
FOOD AND WATER
POLLUTION
FLOODS
CLIMATE
SOCIO-ECONOMIC
CULTURAL PRACTICES

6. Three Levels of Preventing Diseases
PRIMARY PREVENTION
- activities are done to prevent one from having the disease.
- includes getting immunized, eating a healthy diet and getting enough
sleep.
SECONDARY PREVENTION
- activities are done to prevent further damages when the disease has
already started.
- includes prompt diagnosis and treatment.
TERTIARY PREVENTION
- the focus is rehabilitating the sick person so as to prevent long-term
complications of the disease.

7. TYPES OF PATHOGENS AND THEIR NATURE
Pathogens are microorganisms that causes most common diseases.
They invade the body and attack its cells and tissues.
TYPES OF PATHOGEN NATURE
BACTERIA
- one-celled microscopic organisms that rank among th
e most widespread of living things.
- In order to live, all bacteria must have a food supply, as
well as suitable temperature, moisture and darkness.
- Saprophytes are bacteria that digest non-living food m
aterials such as milk and meat.
- Parasite are bacteria that feed off a living plant or anim
als (host).
- Tetanus, pneumonia, ear infections are caused by bacter
ia.

8. TYPES OF PATHOGEN NATURE
RICKETTSIAE
- Organisms that are somewhere
between a virus and a bacteriu
m.
- Most grow in the intestinal trac
ts of insects.
- Requires living cells in order to
grow and multiply.
- Blood sucking insects such as li
ce, mites and ticks carry rickettsi
ae to humans.
- Typhus fever is a disease caused
by these organisms

9. TYPE OF PATHOGEN NATURE
VIRUSES
- small, simple life-like forms.
- The human body’s worst enemy.
- All viruses are parasites.
- When a virus enters the body, it att
aches itself to a cell and releases it
s nucleic acid into the host cell.
- Rabies, polio, viral hepatitis, mumps
, smallpox, chicken pox, shingles an
d warts are all caused by virus.

10. TYPE OF PATHOGEN NATURE
FUNGI
- Simple organisms that cannot mak
e their own food. They live on dea
d animals, insects and leaves.
- Yeast and mushrooms are common
fungi.
- Disease-producing fungi invade ma
inly deep tissues of hair, nails and
skin.
- Athlete’s foot and ring worms are f
ungi infections.
- They can also cause brain inflamma
tion and serious lung infection

11. TYPE OF PATHOGEN NATURE
PARASITIC WORMS
- Is classified as a parasite, a disease
-causing organism that lives in hum
ans or other animals and derives its
nourishment from its host.
- Parasitic worms (helminths) live in h
umans. Their eggs contaminate wa
ter, food, air, feces, pets, wild anima
ls and objects such as toilet seats a
nd door handles.
- Once inside the body, they lodge in
the intestines, hatch, grow and mul
tiply.
- Roundworms, pinworms, tapeworms
, and flukes.

12. CHAIN OF INFECTION
PATHOGEN
RESERVOIR
PORTAL OF EXIT
MODE OF
TRANSMISSION
PORTAL OF
ENTRY
SUSCEPTIBLE
HOST
An organism that causes disease (i.e
bacteria, virus, fungi etc)
A place within which microor
ganism can thrive and reprod
uce.
Provides a way for the microo
rganism to leave the reservoir
.
The method by which the organism moves fr
om one host to another (i.e contact, airborn
e, food-borne etc)
An opening allowing the micro
organism to enter the host (i.e.
body orifices, mucus membran
e, break in the skin)
A person who cannot resist a
microorganism invading the b
ody.

13. SEATWORK:
Copy the figure in your lecture notebook and put the differe
nt chain of infection in the box based on the story below. Re
member that the elements are sequentially arranged.
PATHOGEN
RESERVOIR
PORTAL OF EXIT
MODE OF
TRANSMISSION
PORTAL OF
ENTRY
SUSCEPTIBLE
HOST
Peter joined the school fun run; his desire is to win s
o he didn’t mind if he was stepping on water wherei
n his feet got soaked. Even if this made him uncomfo
rtable because his feet were very itchy, he didn’t do
anything but removed his socks that evening.
He hanged his pair of socks at the back of the refrige
rator to dry and immediately went to sleep because
he was so tired.
Early that morning, his brother John saw the dried pa
ir of socks and used it thinking that it was clean

14. BACTERIA OR
FUNGI
WATER
SOCKS
THROUGH THE
SOCKS (DIRECT
CONTACT)
FEET/ SKIN
JOHN

15. PREVENTIVE MEASURES
MODE OF TRANSMISSION EXAMPLES OF DISEASES PREVENTIVE MEASURES
I. DIRECT
1. Contact transmission
- Kissing
- Handshakes with a sic
k person
- Sleeping with someon
e with lice
2. Food-borne/ water-bo
rne transmission
Hand, foot and mouth disease
Acute conjunctivitis
Scabies
Head and lice infestation
Chicken pox
Viral gastroenteritis
Cholera
Bacillary dysentery
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis E
- Adopt proper isolation f
or the sick
- No human contact
- Keep both hands clean a
nd perform hand hygien
e properly
- Clean and disinfect prop
erly the items used by p
atients.
- Do not share towels and
other personal items.
- Wear gloves when makin
g contact with patients

16. PREVENTIVE MEASURES
MODE OF TRANSMISSION EXAMPLES OF DISEASES PREVENTIVE MEASURES
I. DIRECT
2. Food-borne/ water-bo
rne transmission
Viral gastroenteritis
Cholera
Bacillary dysentery
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis E
- Ensure all foods are ade
quately cooked especiall
y high risk food like shell
fish
- Perform hand hygiene b
efore meals and after usi
ng the toilet
- Handle vomitus and excr
eta properly
- Sick food-handlers shoul
d refrain from work and
seek medical advice early

17. PREVENTIVE MEASURES
MODE OF TRANSMISSION EXAMPLES OF DISEASES PREVENTIVE MEASURES
I. DIRECT
3. Vector-borne transmiss
ion
Mosquito bites
Insect bites
Dengue fever
Malaria
Encephalitis
- Maintain environment
al hygiene to prevent
breeding of mosquito
es/ insects in stagnant
water
- Take personal protecti
on to prevent insect/
mosquito bites.

18. PREVENTIVE MEASURES
MODE OF TRANSMISSION EXAMPLES OF DISEASES PREVENTIVE MEASURES
II. INDIRECT
1. Droplet Transmission
Coughing Influenza
Common cold
- Maintain good indoor
ventilation
- Keep both hands clea
n. Perform hand hygie
ne properly and imme
diately after making c
ontact with sick perso
ns having respiratory
secretions

19. PREVENTIVE MEASURES
MODE OF TRANSMISSION EXAMPLES OF DISEASES PREVENTIVE MEASURES
II. INDIRECT
1. Droplet Transmission
Sneezing Streptococcus
Pneumonia
- Cover mouth and nose w
hen sneezing or couchin
g. Use tissue paper to co
ntain respiratory secretio
ns and dispose it in garb
age bins with lid.
- Wear surgical masks
- Keep one meter distance
from a sick person
- Seek medical advice
- Adopt proper isolation f
or the sick
- Use protective equipmen
t when necessary

20. PREVENTIVE MEASURES
MODE OF TRANSMISSION EXAMPLES OF DISEASES PREVENTIVE MEASURES
II. INDIRECT
2. Air-borne transmission Pulmonary
Tuberculosis
Measles
Chickenpox
- Maintain good indoor
ventilation
- Seek medical advice i
mmediately if unwell
- Anyone with symptom
s suggestive of air-bor
ne transmissible disea
ses should not attend
school.

21. FILM SHOWING: Contagion
Watch the film “Contagion” then write a reaction paper.

22. QUIZ 4.1
DISEASE PREVENTION
AND CONTROL
(Communicable)
Jan. 27, 2020

23. QUIZ 4.1
A. Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct word described by the stat
ement.
_______________1. It is one that is spread from one person to another throug
h a variety of ways that include: contact with blood and bodily fluids; breathing i
n an airborne virus; or by being bitten by an insect.
_______________ 2. They are activities are done to prevent one from having t
he disease.
_______________ 3. They are one-celled microscopic organisms that rank a
mong the most widespread of living things.
_______________ 4. They are considered the human body’s worst enemy.
_______________ 5. They are disease-causing pathogen that cannot make th
eir own food.

24. QUIZ 4.1
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct word described by the state
ment.
_______________ 6. They are a disease-causing organism that lives in human
s or other animals and derives its nourishment from its host.
_______________ 7. It is a place within which microorganism can thrive and re
produce.
_______________ 8. It is the method by which the organism moves from one
host to another (i.e contact, airborne, food-borne etc)
_______________ 9. It is an opening allowing the microorganism to enter the
host (i.e. body orifices, mucus membrane, break in the skin)
_______________ 10. It refers to a person who cannot resist a microorganism
invading the body.

25. QUIZ 4.1
B. Directions: List down 2 preventive measures for the following transmis
sion:
1. CONTACT TRANSMISSION
a. _______________________________________________________
b. _______________________________________________________
2. FOOD-BORNE/ WATER-BORNE TRANSMISSION
a. _______________________________________________________
b. _______________________________________________________
3. VECTOR-BORNE TRANSMISSION
a. _______________________________________________________
b. _______________________________________________________
4. DROPLET TRANSMISSION
a. _______________________________________________________
b. _______________________________________________________
5. AIR-BORNE TRANSMISSION
a. _______________________________________________________
b. _______________________________________________________

26. QUIZ 4.1
C. Directions: Draw the flow of the CHAIN OF INFECTION