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1. Lesson 2 – PREGNANCY-RELATED
CONCERNS AND PRE-NATAL CARE

2. A New Beginning
After marriage, a couple’s
desire is to build a family.
Humans are reproduced
through sexual reproduction.
FERTILIZATION - the
reproductive cells of man
and woman join together to
make a new human cell

3. IMPLANTATION- the
attachment of the
developing cells to the
uterus.
PREGNANCY is the time
when a new cell is formed
during fertilization, grows
and develops into a baby
in the woman’s uterus.

4. EMBRYO - the developing
human, that the ovum
and the sperm cell unite
until the end of the eight
week
FETUS -the developing
human, from the eight
week until birth.
A normal pregnancy
generally lasts until 9
months or 38-40 weeks.

6. Teenage Pregnancy
are premature
because they
occur in mothers
who may be too
young and/or
immature to care
for a child
adequately

7. Consider this statistics:
• Teens 15 and younger, face
a 60% higher risk of death
during pregnancy and
child birth than young
mothers on the age of 20.
• Babies born to young
teenage mothers are two
to three times more likely
to die during their first
year than babies born to
older mothers.

8. • Teen mothers are twice
more likely to have low
birth weight infants
• Seventy percent of
teen mothers get no
medical care at all
during critical first
months of pregnancy
and 25% get no
prenatal care at all

9. • Even with good prenatal
care, teenager mothers
are more likely to have
premature labor and to
deliver low birth-weight
babies.
• Young teen mothers are
likely to drop out of
school and face high risk
of unemployment,
poverty, and
dependence on parents.

10. • If they marry due to
pregnancy, their risk of
break up or separation is
high.
• The young mother is
more likely to be angered
and disillusioned by her
baby’s demands and may
become an abusive
parent.

11. Changes in the Mother’s Body
• “MORNING SICKNESS” -
usually last for 3 months
• the woman’s breast enlarge
and prepare to produce milk
• the woman’s uterus stretches
to hold a full-sized newborn
baby
• experiences swelling of legs,
difficulty in sleeping,
restlessness, and irritability as
the fetus gets larger

13. Normal physical changes and symptoms throughout
pregnancy
• Fatigue
• Morning sickness
• Sleep problems
• Breast changes
• Changes in vaginal discharge
• Nosebleeds and bleeding gums
• Constipation
• Varicose veins
• Hair changes
• Stretch marks, itchiness, and other skin changes
• Leg cramps
• Back pain
• Pelvic ache and hip pain
• Hand pain, numbness, or weakness

14. Nourishing the Baby
PLACENTA is an organ that
grows in the woman’s
uterus during pregnancy
and allows nutrients,
gases, and wastes to be
exchanged between the
mother and the fetus.

15. • Nutrients, fluids, and
oxygen flow through the
membrane from the
mother to the fetus
• Waste products and
carbon dioxide flow
across the placenta from
the fetus to the mother.
• the fetus gets its
nutrition from food the
mother eats

16. Phases of pregnancy
FIRST TRIMESTER OF
PREGNANCY lasts from
week 1 through week
12. Your first sign of
pregnancy may be a
missed menstrual
period.

17. SECOND TRIMESTER OF
PREGNANCY
(from week 13 to week 27)
is the time when most
women start to look
pregnant and may begin to
wear maternity clothes
• the easiest part of
pregnancy
• physical discomforts of late
pregnancy have yet to start

18. THIRD TRIMESTER
lasts from week 28 to
the birth. Many
women have some
discomfort during this
time as their belly gets
bigger. Sleep problems
are common during
this period.

19. COMPLICATIONS of Pregnancy
SPECIAL CONDITION PREVENTION AND
MANAGEMENT
Nausea / Improper body weight
Toxemia
Morning sickness
Anemia
Diabetes
Constipation
small frequent feedings instead of three
large meals and high carbohydrates, low
fat foods such as crackers and jelly and
liquids should be taken between meals
proper nutrition
iron and folic acid prescribed by the
physician
folic acid prescribed by the doctor
proper nutrition
fluid intake, proper nutrition and
exercise

20. BIRTH- is the passage of a
baby from its mother’s
uterus to the outside of
her body
Labor is the process that
lasts from the time
contractions starts until
the delivery of the child
and the placenta

22. THERE ARE THREE DISTINCT
STAGES OF LABOR:
1st Stage – Begins with the
first contraction and last
until the cervix has opened
enough to allow the baby
to pass through.
Contraction happens every
few minutes and lasts a
minute.

23. 2nd Stage – Starts when
the cervix is completely
open and lasts until the
baby is delivered.
During this period,
contraction happens
every 2-3 minutes.
After the baby is born,
the doctor cuts the
umbilical cord. Healthy
babies breathe and cry
almost immediately.

24. 3rd Stage – This is the final
stage of labor. It is when
the placenta is delivered.
In this stage, the
mother’s uterine
contractions push the
placenta or “afterbirths”
out of her body. At this
time, the birth is
completed.

26. CEASARIAN SECTION (CS)- the doctor surgically
removes the baby and the placenta from the
mother’s uterus.

27. Mother’s role during and after pregnancy:
• Avoid vices such as smoking and drinking
alcoholic beverages.
• Avoid stressful activities.
• See to it that she gets the necessary pre-natal
and post natal check-up.
• Do exercises like walking, yoga, etc.
• Eat nutritious food