IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Energy Efficient Routing Strategies for Large Scale Wireless Sensor in Hetero...ijtsrd
The efficiency of a wireless sensor network depends on its life time. By conserving the energy of each sensor for increase in the network life time. The basic operations of a wireless sensor network are sensing 1 the data to the energy sink term is for next transmitting node. The communication or routing 2 process operation be allowed in any operations for all nodes 3 . We propose to select a specific collection of nodes for communication with considering the importance of wireless sensor where security 4 and power usage 5 is taken as top priority. O. Sampath | . P. Suryanarayana Babu "Energy Efficient Routing Strategies for Large Scale Wireless Sensor in Heterogeneous Networks" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd20281.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-network/20281/energy-efficient-routing-strategies-for-large-scale-wireless-sensor-in-heterogeneous-networks/o-sampath
misrouting attack in wireless sensor networks under replication attack. agent based security schemes in Security schemes for wireless sensor networks. International journal paper on wireless sensor networks.
Review of Flooding Attack Detection in AODV Protocol for Mobile Ad-hoc Networkijsrd.com
Ad Hoc Networks are extremely vulnerable to attacks due to their dynamically changing topology, absence of conventional security infrastructures, vulnerability of nodes and channels and open medium of communication. Denial of Service (DoS) and Distributed DoS (DDoS) attacks are two of the most harmful threats to the network functionality. The Prevention methods like authentication and cryptography techniques alone are not able to provide the security to these types of networks. Therefore, efficient intrusion detection must be deployed to facilitate the identification and isolation of attacks. Major attacks on Mobile Ad hoc networks are flooding, selective forwarding, sinkhole, wormhole etc. We have presented various intrusion detection techniques in MANET. Then we have proposed a method to detect flooding attack in MANET.
A Novel Energy Efficient and Administrator Based Secured Routing in MANETIJNSA Journal
The lack of static infrastructure causes several issues in mobile Ad Hoc network , such as energy utilization, node authentication and secure routing. In this paper we propose a new scheme for energy efficient secure routing of data packets in MANET. This approach will reduce the computational overhead to make it more energy efficient than existing schemes. As there is no stationary infrastructure,each node in MANET acts a router that forwards data packets to other nodes. Therefore selection of effective, suitable, adaptive and robust routing scheme is of utmost importance. We have reduced the amount of network activity for each node required to route a data packet. This leads to lesser wastage of energy and increases security.Our simulation results will show how this is energy efficient and
secure. Finally we have discussed how this scheme prevents various attacks which may jeopardize any wireless network.
Performance Evaluation of LEACH Protocol for Wireless Sensor NetworkAM Publications
This paper gives performance of LEACH protocol. LEACH is the first network protocol that uses hierarchical
routing for wireless sensor networks to increase the life time of network. All the nodes in a network organize themselves into
local clusters, with one node acting as the cluster-head. All non-cluster-head nodes transmit their data to the cluster-head,
while the cluster-head node receive data from all the cluster members, perform signal processing functions on the data (e.g.,
data aggregation), and transmit data to the remote base station. Therefore, being a cluster-head node is much more energyintensive
than being a non-cluster-head node. Thus, when a cluster-head node dies all the nodes that belong to the cluster lose
communication ability. This paper gives performance of LEACH protocol considering parameters i) Packet Delivery Ratio ii)
Throughput iii) Delay iv) lifetime.
The focus of this Paper is the actual implementation of Network Router and verifies the functionality of the
three port router for network on chip using the latest verification methodologies, Hardware Verification
Languages and EDA tools and qualify the IP for Synthesis an implementation. This Router design contains three
output ports and three input ports, it is packet based Protocol. This Design consists Registers and FIFO. For
larger networks, where a direct-mapped approach is not feasible due to FPGA resource limitations, a virtualized
time-multiplexed approach was used. Compared to the provided software reference implementation, our directmapped
approach achieves three orders of magnitude speedup, while our virtualized time multiplexed approach
achieves one to two orders of magnitude speedup, depending on the network and router configuration.
Energy Efficient Routing Strategies for Large Scale Wireless Sensor in Hetero...ijtsrd
The efficiency of a wireless sensor network depends on its life time. By conserving the energy of each sensor for increase in the network life time. The basic operations of a wireless sensor network are sensing 1 the data to the energy sink term is for next transmitting node. The communication or routing 2 process operation be allowed in any operations for all nodes 3 . We propose to select a specific collection of nodes for communication with considering the importance of wireless sensor where security 4 and power usage 5 is taken as top priority. O. Sampath | . P. Suryanarayana Babu "Energy Efficient Routing Strategies for Large Scale Wireless Sensor in Heterogeneous Networks" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd20281.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-network/20281/energy-efficient-routing-strategies-for-large-scale-wireless-sensor-in-heterogeneous-networks/o-sampath
misrouting attack in wireless sensor networks under replication attack. agent based security schemes in Security schemes for wireless sensor networks. International journal paper on wireless sensor networks.
Review of Flooding Attack Detection in AODV Protocol for Mobile Ad-hoc Networkijsrd.com
Ad Hoc Networks are extremely vulnerable to attacks due to their dynamically changing topology, absence of conventional security infrastructures, vulnerability of nodes and channels and open medium of communication. Denial of Service (DoS) and Distributed DoS (DDoS) attacks are two of the most harmful threats to the network functionality. The Prevention methods like authentication and cryptography techniques alone are not able to provide the security to these types of networks. Therefore, efficient intrusion detection must be deployed to facilitate the identification and isolation of attacks. Major attacks on Mobile Ad hoc networks are flooding, selective forwarding, sinkhole, wormhole etc. We have presented various intrusion detection techniques in MANET. Then we have proposed a method to detect flooding attack in MANET.
A Novel Energy Efficient and Administrator Based Secured Routing in MANETIJNSA Journal
The lack of static infrastructure causes several issues in mobile Ad Hoc network , such as energy utilization, node authentication and secure routing. In this paper we propose a new scheme for energy efficient secure routing of data packets in MANET. This approach will reduce the computational overhead to make it more energy efficient than existing schemes. As there is no stationary infrastructure,each node in MANET acts a router that forwards data packets to other nodes. Therefore selection of effective, suitable, adaptive and robust routing scheme is of utmost importance. We have reduced the amount of network activity for each node required to route a data packet. This leads to lesser wastage of energy and increases security.Our simulation results will show how this is energy efficient and
secure. Finally we have discussed how this scheme prevents various attacks which may jeopardize any wireless network.
Performance Evaluation of LEACH Protocol for Wireless Sensor NetworkAM Publications
This paper gives performance of LEACH protocol. LEACH is the first network protocol that uses hierarchical
routing for wireless sensor networks to increase the life time of network. All the nodes in a network organize themselves into
local clusters, with one node acting as the cluster-head. All non-cluster-head nodes transmit their data to the cluster-head,
while the cluster-head node receive data from all the cluster members, perform signal processing functions on the data (e.g.,
data aggregation), and transmit data to the remote base station. Therefore, being a cluster-head node is much more energyintensive
than being a non-cluster-head node. Thus, when a cluster-head node dies all the nodes that belong to the cluster lose
communication ability. This paper gives performance of LEACH protocol considering parameters i) Packet Delivery Ratio ii)
Throughput iii) Delay iv) lifetime.
The focus of this Paper is the actual implementation of Network Router and verifies the functionality of the
three port router for network on chip using the latest verification methodologies, Hardware Verification
Languages and EDA tools and qualify the IP for Synthesis an implementation. This Router design contains three
output ports and three input ports, it is packet based Protocol. This Design consists Registers and FIFO. For
larger networks, where a direct-mapped approach is not feasible due to FPGA resource limitations, a virtualized
time-multiplexed approach was used. Compared to the provided software reference implementation, our directmapped
approach achieves three orders of magnitude speedup, while our virtualized time multiplexed approach
achieves one to two orders of magnitude speedup, depending on the network and router configuration.
Mlrt an mysterious location based efficient routing protocol in manetseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
An mysterious location based efficient routing protocol in manetseSAT Journals
Abstract Mysterious Location-based Efficient Routing Protocol (MLRT) is an anonymous routing protocol its play a vital role in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). MLRT provide a secure communication by hiding the node identities and preventing the traffic analysis attacks from outside observers in order to provide a mysterious protection. It dynamically partition the network into subzones till the sender and receiver are in different zones and the nodes in the zones are connected as intermediate relay nodes. It uses random relay node selection is difficult for intruder detection and dynamically generating an unpredictable routing path for a message. It maintains a time limit for message transmission due to security and control the time delay. MLRT offers mysterious protection to sources, destinations and routes. It achieves better route anonymity protection and lower cost compared to other anonymous routing protocols. It has a strategy to effectively solve the intersection attacks and avoid timing attacks because of its non-fixed routing paths for a source and destination pair. Also MLRT mainly works on Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) algorithm. .Key Words: Mysterious, routing protocol, mobile ad hoc networks, GPSR.
Black hole Attack Avoidance Protocol for wireless Ad-Hoc networksijsrd.com
A Mobile Ad-Hoc Network is a collection of mobile nodes or a temporary network set up by wireless mobile nodes moving arbitrary in the places that have no network infrastructure in such a manner that the interconnections between nodes are capable of changing on continual basis. Thus the nodes find a path to the destination node using routing protocols. However, due to security vulnerabilities of the routing protocols, wireless ad-hoc networks are unprotected to attacks of the malicious nodes. Various attacks and one of those attacks is the Black Hole Attack against network integrity absorbing all data packets in the network. Since the data packets do not reach the destination node on account of this attack, data loss will occur. Therefore, it is a severe attack that can be easily employed against routing in mobile ad hoc networks. There are lots of detection and defense mechanisms to eliminate the intruder that carry out the black hole attack. . Virtual Infrastructure achieves reliable transmission in Mobile Ad Hoc Network. Black Hole Attack is the major problem to affect the Virtual Infrastructure. In this paper, approach on analyzing and improving the security of AODV, which is one of the popular routing protocols for MANET. Our aim is to ensuring the avoidance against Black hole attack.
MANET is a dynamic network with large number of mobile nodes .As the traffic increases over the manet it will leads to number of problems i.e congestion and packet loss .This congestion and packet loss problems occurs due to the attack in manet .one of attack is black hole attack .As a result some packet loss over the network and slows the communication process.In this paper we are providing the solution against black hole attack which is based on fuzzy rule .fuzzy rule based solution identify the infected node as well as provide the solution to reduce data loss over network.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A Survey on Secure Hierarchical LEACH Protocol over Wireless Sensor NetworkIJERD Editor
Wireless Sensor Network contain number of nodes. Lifetime of Sensor nodes depend on their battery
power, which cannot be reenergize. Thus, to save the node energy & lifetime of the Network energy efficient
LEACH protocol is introduced. Wireless sensor networks are facing many experiments such as the partial source
in processing power, storage and energy. The inadequate energy source is one of the main tasks facing the security
in such networks. LEACH doesn’t shield the safety harms. So we want to improve security scenario of Secure
LEACH protocol. Hierarchical or cluster base routing protocol for WSNs is the most energy-efficient among other
routing protocols. This paper shows different security mechanism used in LEACH protocol. This all protocol is
based on Hierarchical routing protocol. This paper shows basic scenario of security in LEACH.
Efficient distributed detection of node replication attacks in mobile sensor ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
A adaptive neighbor analysis approach to detect cooperative selfish node in m...Jyoti Parashar
A mobile network is a dynamic reconfigurable network with heavy traffic over the network. As the network is available widely, there are more chances of inclusion of external nodes that behave as the attack node. One of the problems in mobile network is the cooperative selfish node attack. In which more than one node cooperatively perform the attack. In such attack, the malicious nodes communicate effectively between them but as they get the packet from some other node, they do not forward the packets. The presented work is about the table driven cross check performed over each node to identify the trustfulness of a node.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Key Establishment using Selective Repeat Automatic Repeat Request Mechanism f...ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Mlrt an mysterious location based efficient routing protocol in manetseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
An mysterious location based efficient routing protocol in manetseSAT Journals
Abstract Mysterious Location-based Efficient Routing Protocol (MLRT) is an anonymous routing protocol its play a vital role in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). MLRT provide a secure communication by hiding the node identities and preventing the traffic analysis attacks from outside observers in order to provide a mysterious protection. It dynamically partition the network into subzones till the sender and receiver are in different zones and the nodes in the zones are connected as intermediate relay nodes. It uses random relay node selection is difficult for intruder detection and dynamically generating an unpredictable routing path for a message. It maintains a time limit for message transmission due to security and control the time delay. MLRT offers mysterious protection to sources, destinations and routes. It achieves better route anonymity protection and lower cost compared to other anonymous routing protocols. It has a strategy to effectively solve the intersection attacks and avoid timing attacks because of its non-fixed routing paths for a source and destination pair. Also MLRT mainly works on Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) algorithm. .Key Words: Mysterious, routing protocol, mobile ad hoc networks, GPSR.
Black hole Attack Avoidance Protocol for wireless Ad-Hoc networksijsrd.com
A Mobile Ad-Hoc Network is a collection of mobile nodes or a temporary network set up by wireless mobile nodes moving arbitrary in the places that have no network infrastructure in such a manner that the interconnections between nodes are capable of changing on continual basis. Thus the nodes find a path to the destination node using routing protocols. However, due to security vulnerabilities of the routing protocols, wireless ad-hoc networks are unprotected to attacks of the malicious nodes. Various attacks and one of those attacks is the Black Hole Attack against network integrity absorbing all data packets in the network. Since the data packets do not reach the destination node on account of this attack, data loss will occur. Therefore, it is a severe attack that can be easily employed against routing in mobile ad hoc networks. There are lots of detection and defense mechanisms to eliminate the intruder that carry out the black hole attack. . Virtual Infrastructure achieves reliable transmission in Mobile Ad Hoc Network. Black Hole Attack is the major problem to affect the Virtual Infrastructure. In this paper, approach on analyzing and improving the security of AODV, which is one of the popular routing protocols for MANET. Our aim is to ensuring the avoidance against Black hole attack.
MANET is a dynamic network with large number of mobile nodes .As the traffic increases over the manet it will leads to number of problems i.e congestion and packet loss .This congestion and packet loss problems occurs due to the attack in manet .one of attack is black hole attack .As a result some packet loss over the network and slows the communication process.In this paper we are providing the solution against black hole attack which is based on fuzzy rule .fuzzy rule based solution identify the infected node as well as provide the solution to reduce data loss over network.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A Survey on Secure Hierarchical LEACH Protocol over Wireless Sensor NetworkIJERD Editor
Wireless Sensor Network contain number of nodes. Lifetime of Sensor nodes depend on their battery
power, which cannot be reenergize. Thus, to save the node energy & lifetime of the Network energy efficient
LEACH protocol is introduced. Wireless sensor networks are facing many experiments such as the partial source
in processing power, storage and energy. The inadequate energy source is one of the main tasks facing the security
in such networks. LEACH doesn’t shield the safety harms. So we want to improve security scenario of Secure
LEACH protocol. Hierarchical or cluster base routing protocol for WSNs is the most energy-efficient among other
routing protocols. This paper shows different security mechanism used in LEACH protocol. This all protocol is
based on Hierarchical routing protocol. This paper shows basic scenario of security in LEACH.
Efficient distributed detection of node replication attacks in mobile sensor ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
A adaptive neighbor analysis approach to detect cooperative selfish node in m...Jyoti Parashar
A mobile network is a dynamic reconfigurable network with heavy traffic over the network. As the network is available widely, there are more chances of inclusion of external nodes that behave as the attack node. One of the problems in mobile network is the cooperative selfish node attack. In which more than one node cooperatively perform the attack. In such attack, the malicious nodes communicate effectively between them but as they get the packet from some other node, they do not forward the packets. The presented work is about the table driven cross check performed over each node to identify the trustfulness of a node.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Key Establishment using Selective Repeat Automatic Repeat Request Mechanism f...ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A remote monitoring system for a three phase 10-kva switchable distribution t...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Effect of modulus of masonry on initial lateral stiffness of infilled frames ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
“Optimizing the data transmission between multiple nodes during link failure ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A comprehensive review on performance of aodv and dsdv protocol using manhatt...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Behaviour of bituminous concrete modified with polyethylene glycol for blade ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Experimental investigations of diesel engine using fish oil biodiesel and its...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Proposed mac protocol for reduce energy consumption over wsn networkeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
SECURED GREEDY PERIMETER STATELESS ROUTING FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS ijasuc
Wireless sensor networks are collections of large number of sensor nodes. The sensor nodes are featured
with limited energy, computation and transmission power. Each node in the network coordinates with
every other node in forwarding their packets to reach the destination. Since these nodes operate in a
physically insecure environment; they are vulnerable to different types of attacks such as selective
forwarding and sinkhole. These attacks can inject malicious packets by compromising the node.
Geographical routing protocols of wireless sensor networks have been developed without considering the
security aspects against these attacks. In this paper, a secure routing protocol named secured greedy
perimeter stateless routing protocol (S-GPSR) is proposed for mobile sensor networks by incorporating
trust based mechanism in the existing greedy perimeter stateless routing protocol (GPSR). Simulation
results prove that S-GPSR outperforms the GPSR by reducing the overhead and improving the delivery
ratio of the networks.
SECURED GREEDY PERIMETER STATELESS ROUTING FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS ijasuc
Wireless sensor networks are collections of large number of sensor nodes. The sensor nodes are featured
with limited energy, computation and transmission power. Each node in the network coordinates with
every other node in forwarding their packets to reach the destination. Since these nodes operate in a
physically insecure environment; they are vulnerable to different types of attacks such as selective
forwarding and sinkhole. These attacks can inject malicious packets by compromising the node.
Geographical routing protocols of wireless sensor networks have been developed without considering the
security aspects against these attacks. In this paper, a secure routing protocol named secured greedy
perimeter stateless routing protocol (S-GPSR) is proposed for mobile sensor networks by incorporating
trust based mechanism in the existing greedy perimeter stateless routing protocol (GPSR). Simulation
results prove that S-GPSR outperforms the GPSR by reducing the overhead and improving the delivery
ratio of the networks.
An efficient routing approach for aggregated data transmission along with per...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Analysis of multi hop relay algorithm for efficient broadcasting in manetseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A review on distributed beam forming techniques an approach in wireless rela...eSAT Journals
Abstract Physical layer security can be considered to solve the security problem from the point of view of information theory in wireless networks. The combination of cryptographic schemes with channel coding techniques is called for in the basic principle of information-theoretic security. Due to the presence of one or more eavesdropper in wireless relay networks, secrecy of communication is in jeopardy. For such a scenario secrecy rate of the network provide a good measure of performance of the system. In this paper our focus is on secrecy capacity and its optimization with appropriate weight designs of relays taking into consideration the channels through which the eavesdroppers are connected to the relays. We propose the AF and DF based optimal beam forming scheme to improve the wireless security against eavesdropping attack by detecting and removing the eavesdroppers from the wireless relay networks and thus finding measures to maximize the efficiency, response time and the throughput of the system It includes an auto-regression technique as first approach and the use of RC6 algorithm for encrypting the confidential messages. The scheme is a two way approach that will not only provides security to the confidential messages, to be communicated within a wireless relay network in presence of multiple relays and eavesdroppers, but also it will deal with the saving the consumed power by detecting and removing the nodes which are malicious or defected which in turn will consume more power in order to perform malicious activity on the messages or may try to create interferences in the network. The eavesdropper nodes in the proposed system are considered to be working as relays so it may either be connected to source or destination directly or in between the relays. Keywords: Beamforming, Channel State Information, Eavesdropper Attack, Power Consumption, Secrecy Capacity.
ENERGY EFFICIENT, LIFETIME IMPROVING AND SECURE PERIODIC DATA COLLECTION PROT...ijcsa
The most emerging prominent sensor network applications collect data from sensor nodes and monitors
periodically. Resource constraint Sensor motes sense the environment and transit data to the remote sink
via multiple hops. Minimum energy dissipation and secure data transmission are crucial to such
applications. This paper delivers an energy efficient, lifetime improving, secure periodic Data Gathering
scheme that is a hybrid of heuristic path establishment and secure data transmission. This protocol uses
artificial intelligence (AI) based A* heuristic search algorithm to establish energy efficient admissible
optimal path to sink in terms of high residual energy, minimum hop counts and high link quality. This
scheme also adopts block encryption Rivest Cipher (RC6) Algorithm to secure the transmission of packets.
This code and speed optimized block encryption provides confidentiality against critical data and
consumes less energy for encryption. This proposed method increases the network lifetime there by
reducing the total traffic load. Evaluation of performance analysis of this algorithm using Network
Simulator (NS2) shows the superiority of the proposed scheme
IRJET-Structure less Efficient Data Aggregation and Data Integrity in Sensor ...IRJET Journal
Kavita Sunchu, Dhainje Prakash " Structure less Efficient Data Aggregation and Data Integrity in Sensor Network ", International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume2,issue-01 April 2015.e-ISSN:2395-0056, p-ISSN:2395-0072. www.irjet.net .published by Fast Track Publications
Abstract
Recently, several data aggregation schemes based on privacy homomorphism encryption have been proposed and investigated on wireless sensor networks. These data aggregation techniques provide higher security compared with traditional aggregation since cluster heads (aggregator) can directly aggregate the cipher texts without decryption; consequently, transmission overhead. Data aggregation protocol can reduce the communication cost, so the life time of sensor network is extended. The structure based has the overhead in dynamic scenarios for any event based application. The goal of our work is to design techniques and protocol that is structure free and ensure data integrity and aggregation with low transmission overhead and transmission cost. Experiment results demonstrate that the transmission overhead is still reduced even if on sensing data. Further, the design has been generalized and adopted in wireless sensor networks.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Implementation of dynamic source routing (dsr) in mobile ad hoc network (manet)eSAT Journals
Abstract Generally, the Base station (BS) is fixed in the mobile communication system however in Mobile Ad hoc network, Base Station (BS)s is not used, thus it is named as infrastructure less network which can manage its network independently. The Routing protocol plays an important role and a lot of research has been done in this area. This paper presents a protocol for routing mobile ad hoc network (MANET) that uses dynamic source routing. This protocol adapts quickly to the change in the routing path as the host is changing its location frequently. DSR allows the network to be fully self-organising and self-configuring without the need for any existing network. The protocol is composed of the two mechanisms of route discovery and route maintenance work together to search for the shortest path and also to maintain source route to arbitrary destination in the Mobile ad hoc network, we used optimize routing protocol in Mobile ad hoc network (MANET).This optimization is done on DSR (Dynamic Source Routing) protocol using ANT algorithm. The performance of DSR is analyzed using Qualnet 5.2 with respect to QOS (Quality of Service) of throughput, end to end delay, Routing overhead, Average hop count. All the parameter are analyzed in three different scenario of velocity, pause time and traffic connection. All the result are compared with the result of standard DSR routing protocol. The comparison shows that the DSR-ant has better performance than standard DSR. By using Ant algorithm, the DSR optimization can be improved with a smaller delay and the number of hop to transfer information between nodes. Keywords: MANET, DSR, ANT Algorithm
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Features of wsn and various routing techniques for wsn a surveyeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Features of wsn and various routing techniques for wsn a surveyeSAT Journals
Abstract A Wireless Sensor Network is the collection of large number of sensor nodes, which are technically or economically feasible and measure the ambient condition in the environment surrounding them. The difference between usual wireless networks and WSNs is that sensors are sensitive to energy consumption. Most of the attention is given to routing protocols, for energy awareness, since they might differ depending on the application and network architecture. Routing techniques for WSN are classified into three categories based on network structure: Flat, hierarchical and location-based routing. Furthermore, these protocols can be classified into multi-path based, query based, negotiation-based, QoS-based, and coherent–based, depending on the protocol operation. In this paper the survey of routing techniques in WSNs is shown. It is also outlined the design challenges and performance metrics for routing protocols in WSNs. Finally We also highlight the advantages and performance issues of different routing techniques by it’s comparative analysis. Future-directions for routing in sensor network is also described. Index Terms: Wireless sensor network, Routing techniques, Routing challenges and future directions.
CODE AWARE DYNAMIC SOURCE ROUTING FOR DISTRIBUTED SENSOR NETWORKIJNSA Journal
Sensor network facilitates monitoring and controlling of physical environments. These wireless networks consist of dense collection of sensors capable of collection and dissemination of data. They have application in variety of fields such as military purposes, environment monitoring etc. Typical deployment of sensor network assumes central processing station or a gateway to which all other nodes route their data using dynamic source routing (DSR). This causes congestion at central station and thus reduces the efficiency of the network. In this work we will propose a better dynamic source routing technique using network coding to reduce total number of transmission in sensor networks resulting in better efficiency.
A comparitive study of efficient anonymous routing protocols in maneteSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Shortest path algorithm for data transmission in wireless ad hoc sensor networksijasuc
Wireless sensor networks determine probable in military, environments, health and commercial
applications. The process of transferring of information from a remote sensor node to other nodes in a
network holds importance for such applications. Various constraints such as limited computation, storage
and power makes the process of transferring of information routing interesting and has opened new arenas
for researchers. The fundamental problem in sensor networks states the significance and routing of
information through a real path as path length decides some basic performance parameters for sensor
networks. This paper strongly focuses on a shortest path algorithm for wireless adhoc networks. The
simulations are performed on NS2 and the results obtained discuss the role of transferring of information
through a shortest path.
Abstract— A MANETs is a self-configuring network is a collection of mobile hosts that are connected via a wireless link. Opportunistic data forwarding has drawn much attention in the research community of multihop wireless networks. Opportunistic data forwarding is the lack of an efficient, lightweight proactive routing scheme with strong source routing capability. In this project proposed to a lightweight proactive source routing (PSR) protocol. PSR can be maintained at different network topology information than distance vector (DV), link state (LS), optimized link State routing (OLSR), then reactive source routing [e.g., dynamic source routing (DSR)]. In this project concentrate on reducing the overhead at the base line protocols, then testing to the better data transportation. Network Simulator (NS-2) help in testing and implementing to this project for effectively reduced to the overhead in the data transportation.
Similar to Discovering adaptive wireless sensor network using β synchronizer (20)
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Discovering adaptive wireless sensor network using β synchronizer
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 03 | Mar-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 517
DISCOVERING ADAPTIVE WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK USING
β-SYNCHRONIZER
Pradhnya S. Kalaskar1
, Prachi Jaini2
1
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, G. H. Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur-16, India
2
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, G. H. Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur-16, India
Abstract
When we consider the standard Bellman-Ford algorithm, it uses static values of link cost function and distance function. These static
values are stored in sink node so that the sink node requires memory to keep data safe. Therefore the space, message and time
complexity of a network and node increases. To overcome this we discover Fast Time Dependent Shortest Path algorithm with
message and used in network with β synchronizer. The FTSP algorithm uses dynamic values of link cost function and distance
function and to store these values we are using vector compression method so that there is no need to store the data into the sink node.
Because of this the message, time and space complexity of node will be decreases.
Keywords- Duty cycle, Time dependent, β synchronizer
------------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
When we consider the traditional MAC protocols which are
used to maximize the packet throughput, provide fairness, and
minimize latency. But it consumes more power in wireless
sensor network where the energy is an important constraint. To
reduce the energy consumption of a node there is strong
requirement of reducing the latency of a node, reducing the
average time required o complete one duty cycle and total
message count which are used to update the node information.
There are various sources which are used in wireless sensor
network but it consumes huge amount of energy for example
overhearing, collision of packets, idle listening and control
packet overhead [10]. Because of this the valuable data will be
affected from the network while communication is going on.
The budget of wireless sensor network is very limited so that it
is not possible to maintain the communication with central
coordinator. This type of network topology is partitioned and
time-dependent. The time factor is most important in wireless
sensor network hence synchronization between nodes in the
network should be strong.
For designing the adaptive network the shortest path algorithm
should be strong so that it will help to reduce the power
consumption of a node, message, space and time complexity of
a sink node. In wireless sensor network the sink node is
responsible for whole communication from source to
destination. Sink node stores the all necessary information of a
node like IP-address of source and destination, link updates,
network update. To store such type of information the sink node
requires the enough memory.
In our proposed FTSP algorithm there are two stages for
constructing shortest path, first stage is building spanning tree
and in the second stage calculating the shortest path and sends
an acknowledgement to the sink node.
The FTSP algorithm works with the β synchronizer. β
synchronizer is a special type of synchronizer used to broadcast
the packets in the network and to decrease the message
complexity of asynchronous systems [1]. The β synchronizer
has an initialization phase in which nodes are initialized in the
network, from which one leader node is selected and the
spanning tree is rooted around this leader. After execution of
one phase the leader node learns that all the nodes in the
network are “safe” and then broadcasts the message along the
spanning tree. All the nodes in the network then generate new
clock pulse. After that β synchronizer learns that all the nodes
in the network are safe or not once it is cleared then it sends an
acknowledgement to the parent node [1].
2. RELATED WORK
The time dependent shortest path algorithm was first studied for
GPS navigation and for centralized approach. It defines the two
different policies for time dependent shortest path one is
waiting policy and second is non waiting policy. Waiting means
wait for data to be delivered to the destination. The non waiting
means the sender sends the packet over network when the
receiver awake [1].
Low power listening was used by CSMA based technology to
achieve the low power communication. The B-MAC uses the
independent sleep and awake mechanism for scheduling. But B-
MAC consumes the energy and it also surpasses the existing
latency and throughput.
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 03 | Mar-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 518
To overcome this disadvantage the XMAC and DSP-MAC was
proposed with short preamble for replacing the long preamble
in B-MAC. To overcome the overhearing problem, the
receiver’s information was also embedded in short preamble
[1].
Based on the node’s residual energy adaptive low power
listening was proposed in [15]. ALPL supports point-to-point
latency and time dependent link cost.
Delay is also an important factor for routing in wireless sensor
network. Routing becomes too difficult in wireless sensor
network because of two reasons one by changing in
transmission latency and other one is intermittent connection
between two neighbour nodes.
To overcome this disadvantage the on demand routing approach
was proposed which were used the probe messages for
determining the least latency route.
3. PROPOSED WORK
3.1 Maintaining the Dynamic Route
When we consider the static network the sink node require to
store the route information so that when the link changes or
node changes its duty cycle or if it also joins any dynamic
network, the link which is connecting to all nodes in the
network will be changed multiple times. Therefore the sink
node will be overloaded and multiple links will be affected.
To maintain the dynamic route of a multicast network our
proposed algorithm stores only the route information in the sink
node, when one node updated the other node does not update
the path for whole multicast network but it updates the
necessary nodes in the network.
First the network identifies the node which needs to be updated
and after that the FTSP updates the shortest path for this
identified node.
3.2 Router
Router is used to route the packet from source to destination in
the network. It is consist of source node, destination node and
13 nodes from N1 to N13. The router stores information of a
network in a database. In this database it stores attacker details
like hacker which specify whether any attack is occurred in the
network or not. The IP-address field shows the IP-address of
the node on which attack is occurred. Node name tells the node
number on which attack is occurred. The date field display the
date and time of attack is occurred.
The node status details shows the detail information of node
name, destination node, digital signature which are used for
security and keep the information of whether any active or
passive attack is occurred in the network or not. It also keep the
node compromising attacker details like if there is any attack
occurred then it shows yes otherwise it displays no.
Fig. 1 Router with nodes from N1 to N13
3.3 Sender
Sender module has the browse button which selects the file
from the system to forward to the destination. The initialize
node button is then used to initialize the nodes in the network
by accepting the IP-address of both the sender and receiver.
After that the nodes will be initialized in the network.
The submit button is used to submit the data in the network and
starts packet forwarding. When the packet is reach to the
destination the popup window shows the message that the file is
reach to the destination.
3.4 Destination
The destination window shows the file which is reached to the
destination. And save this file into the receiver folder.
Fig. 2 Simulation of packet transmission with shortest path
from source to destination
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 03 | Mar-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 519
3.5 Passive Attacker
The passive attacker is the attacker who can make attack on the
node while communication is going on. When this attack is
detected on the router, the router blocks that node and the sink
hole is created.
3.6 Active Attacker
The active attacker is the known attacker who can make the
attack while communication is going on. When this attack is
detected on the router, the router blocks that node and the sink
hole is created.
3.7 Node Compromising Attack
When the node compromising attack is occurred in the network,
the network then chooses the other safe node for forwarding the
packet to the destination.
4. RESULTS
Fig. 3 FTSP takes minimum time comparing to TD-Bellman
Ford and DSSP1.
Fig. 4 When nodes change the input the FTSP-M takes less
memory as compared to DSDV and Full Dynamic system.
Fig. 5 when network size increases FTSP takes less average
time to complete the process.
5. CONCLUSIONS
In this paper we have studied the actual simulation results
which show that the FTSP algorithm with β synchronizer
decreases message, space and time complexity of the multicast
WSN as compared to the traditional Bellman Ford algorithm.
For decreasing the time, space and message complexity of a
node we also studied the distributed shortest path routing
problem in duty cycled wireless sensor network using β
synchronizer and adaptive duty cycle.
REFERENCES
[1] S. Lai and B. Ravindran, “Least-Latency Routing over
Time Dependent Wireless Sensor Networks,” in IEEE
transaction 2013
[2] S. Lai and B. Ravindran, “On Distributed Time-
Dependent Shortest Paths over Duty-Cycled Wireless
Sensor Networks,” in IEEE INFOCOM, 2010
[3] B. Ding, J.X. Yu, and L. Qin, “Finding Time-Dependent
Shortest Paths over Large Graphs,” Proc. 11th Int’l
Conf. Extending Database Technology (EDBT ’08), pp.
205-216, 2008
[4] L. Su, C. Liu, H. Song, and G. Cao, “Routing in
Intermittently Connected Sensor Networks,” in IEEE ,
2008.
[5] Y. Gu, T. He, M. Lin, and J. Xu, “Spatiotemporal Delay
Control for Low-Duty-Cycle Sensor Networks,” in
IEEE, 2009
[6] G.F. Italiano, “Distributed Algorithms for Updating
Shortest Paths (Extended Abstract),” Proc. Fifth Int’l
Workshop Distributed Algorithms 2000.
[7] S.Lai, B. Zhang, B. Ravindran, and H.Cho, “CQS-Pair:
Cyclic Quorum System Pair for Wakeup Scheduling in
Wireless Sensor Networks,” 2008.
[8] P. Sommer and R. Wattenhofer, “Gradient Clock
Synchronization in Wireless Sensor Networks,” In ACM
2009.
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 03 | Mar-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 520
[9] Y.Sun, O. Gurewitz, and D.B. Johnson, “RI-MAC: A
Receiver Initiated Asynchronous Duty Cycle MAC
Protocol for Dynamic Traffic Loads in Wireless Sensor
Networks,” In ACM, 2008.
[10] W. Ye, J. Heidemann, and D. Estrin, “Medium Access
Control With Coordinated Adaptive Sleeping for
Wireless Sensor Networks,” In IEEE/ACM Transaction
2004.
[11] T.V. Dam and K. Langendoen, “An Adaptive Energy-
Efficient Mac Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks,”
in ACM 2003.
[12] M. Zuniga and B. Krishnamachari, “Analyzing the
Transitional Region in Low Power Wireless Links,” in
IEEE 2004
[13] C. Schurgers and M.B. Srivastava,“Energy Efficient
Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks,” 2001.
[14] A. Woo, T. Tong, and D. Culler, “Taming the
Underlying Challenges of Reliable Multihop Routing in
Sensor Networks,” 2003.
[15] C.M. Vigorito, D. Ganesan, and A.G. Barto, “Adaptive
Control of Duty Cycling in Energy-Harvesting Wireless
Sensor Networks,” 2007
[16] K.L. Cooke and E. Halsey, “The Shortest Route through
a Network with Time-Dependent Internodal Transit
Times,” J. Math Analysis Application 1966
[17] A. Orda and R. Rom, “Distributed Shortest-Path
Protocols for Time-Dependent Networks,” Distributed
Computing, 1996.
[18] C. Serafino, D. Gabriele, F. Daniele, and N. Umberto,
“A Fully Dynamic Algorithm for Distributed Shortest
Paths,” Theoretical Computer Science, 2003
[19] S. Haldar, “An “All Pairs Shortest Paths” Distributed
Algorithm Using 2n2 Messages,” J. Algorithms, 1997
[20] K.V.S. Ramarao and S. Venkatesan, “On Finding and
Updating Shortest Paths Distributively,” J. Algorithms,
1992
[21] B. Awerbuch, “Complexity of Network
Synchronization,” J. ACM, 1985