IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Numerical Investigation of Single Stage of an Axial Flow Compressor for Effec...IJERA Editor
In present work, a compressor configuration is taken from literature which will be studied for aspect ratio (ratio between length of blade to chord length) influence over performance. Performance in the sense is pressure ratio of compressor. The aspect ratio of the blade is an important parameter and has a strong influence on the performance of axial flow compressor. There are so many literatures available on influence of design parameters of axial flow compressor over its performance. Few literatures only are available for effects of aspect ratio of blade over performance of compressor. A study is proposed to be carried out to verify the effect of aspect ratio on the performance of single stage subsonic compressor through ANSYS-CFX software. The analysis will be carried out for the constant tip diameter of the compressor rotor blade having an aspect ratio 1, 2 and 3 and to obtain the pressure loss and flow parameters of the compressor stage. Further increase in aspect ratio will lead to structural problem of compressor. Therefore, there will be optimum aspect ratio between 2 and 3. Simulation will be conducted to aspect ratios of 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8 and 2.9 to find optimum ratio using ANSYS-CFX commercial CFD software.
Performance improvement of mixed flow pump impeller through cfd analysiseSAT Journals
Abstract Centrifugal pumps are the largest used hydraulic machine. However, the performance of centrifugal pump is generally not very good. Making them more efficient is a major challenge. The performance of the centrifugal pump greatly depends on its geometrical parameters and the vane profile. Computation fluid dynamics (CFD) has been found to be very good tool for numerical analysis of flow through complex system including centrifugal pumps. The present study deals with the performance analysis of a mixed flow type centrifugal pump designed centrifugal pump to deliver 0.25 m3/s water at a head of 20 m running at 1450 rpm using ANSYS CFX 14.0 software. Modeling of the pump unit has been done using PTC Cre-o 2.0 software. The performance of the pump was first determined using the initially obtained vane angles. The inlet vane angle and outlet vane angle are then varied to analyses the improvement in pump performance .The results shows that for an initial inlet angle 20.08˚ and outlet angle 16.28˚, the efficiency of the pump is 83 %.however, for an optimized angles at inlet and outlet as 20.16˚ and 16.62˚ respectively, the efficiency of pump raised to 88 % thus showing an improvement in the performance of mixed flow pump. Keywords: Computation Fluid Dynamics Analysis, mixed flow pump, overall efficiency
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Effect of tip clearance on performance of a centrifugal compressoreSAT Journals
Abstract The centrifugal compressor is to study the effect of tip clearance on the performance characteristics and the wall static pressure for a different flow co-efficient. The method of testing the compressor is run at a constant speed at 2000rpm. The tip clearance is varied by using spacers. The volume flow rate is varied with the help of throttling device to conduct the performance test. The performance characteristic of the centrifugal compressor showing the variation of discharge pressure with volume flow rate is plotted. Obtaining the performance characteristics showing the variation of discharge pressure with volume flow rate for different tip clearance, viz. =2.2%, 4%, 6.1% and 7.9%. Measurement of periodic pressure at various tip clearance viz. =2.2%, 4%, 6.1% and 7.9%. For each tip clearance pressure measured in radial location of impeller at 6 positions for different flow co efficient values. Five flow coefficients viz., ф =0.40, =0.34 (both above design flow), =0.28 (near design flow), =0.21=0.18 (both below design flow) and four values of non-dimensional tip clearance viz., =2.2%, 4%, 6.1% and 7.9%, are chosen for experimental work. The objective of the research work is to measure the periodic variation static pressure on the casing over the rotor at different values of tip clearance and flow coefficients. With the availability of these data, it is possible to improve the tip clearance flow in centrifugal compressor.
Optimization of design of mixed flow centrifugal pump impeller using cfdeSAT Journals
Abstract
Centrifugal pumps are widely used hydraulic machines, irrespective of the fact that their performance is generally not very good. So, turning them into more efficient machines is quite a challenge. The performance of a centrifugal pump is highly dependent on its geometrical parameters and its vane profile. In order to analyze the flow through complex systems like centrifugal pumps, Computation fluid dynamics (CFD) has been used. This work aims to study the performance analysis of a centrifugal mixed flow pump designed to deliver 0.25 m3/s of water with a head of 20 m at a speed of 1450 rpm using ANSYS CFX (ver.14.0). PTC Creo (ver. 2.0) has been used to model the pump unit. The performance of the pump was first determined using the existing vane angles and thickness of the blade then, the inlet vane angle, the outlet vane angle along with the thickness of the blade has been varied to analyze the pump’s performance . The results show that for an initial inlet angle 21.08˚, outlet angle 16.28˚ and blade thickness as 10mm, the efficiency of the pump was 84%. However, the efficiency of pump rises to 89.19% for the optimized angles and blade thickness.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Numerical Investigation of Single Stage of an Axial Flow Compressor for Effec...IJERA Editor
In present work, a compressor configuration is taken from literature which will be studied for aspect ratio (ratio between length of blade to chord length) influence over performance. Performance in the sense is pressure ratio of compressor. The aspect ratio of the blade is an important parameter and has a strong influence on the performance of axial flow compressor. There are so many literatures available on influence of design parameters of axial flow compressor over its performance. Few literatures only are available for effects of aspect ratio of blade over performance of compressor. A study is proposed to be carried out to verify the effect of aspect ratio on the performance of single stage subsonic compressor through ANSYS-CFX software. The analysis will be carried out for the constant tip diameter of the compressor rotor blade having an aspect ratio 1, 2 and 3 and to obtain the pressure loss and flow parameters of the compressor stage. Further increase in aspect ratio will lead to structural problem of compressor. Therefore, there will be optimum aspect ratio between 2 and 3. Simulation will be conducted to aspect ratios of 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8 and 2.9 to find optimum ratio using ANSYS-CFX commercial CFD software.
Performance improvement of mixed flow pump impeller through cfd analysiseSAT Journals
Abstract Centrifugal pumps are the largest used hydraulic machine. However, the performance of centrifugal pump is generally not very good. Making them more efficient is a major challenge. The performance of the centrifugal pump greatly depends on its geometrical parameters and the vane profile. Computation fluid dynamics (CFD) has been found to be very good tool for numerical analysis of flow through complex system including centrifugal pumps. The present study deals with the performance analysis of a mixed flow type centrifugal pump designed centrifugal pump to deliver 0.25 m3/s water at a head of 20 m running at 1450 rpm using ANSYS CFX 14.0 software. Modeling of the pump unit has been done using PTC Cre-o 2.0 software. The performance of the pump was first determined using the initially obtained vane angles. The inlet vane angle and outlet vane angle are then varied to analyses the improvement in pump performance .The results shows that for an initial inlet angle 20.08˚ and outlet angle 16.28˚, the efficiency of the pump is 83 %.however, for an optimized angles at inlet and outlet as 20.16˚ and 16.62˚ respectively, the efficiency of pump raised to 88 % thus showing an improvement in the performance of mixed flow pump. Keywords: Computation Fluid Dynamics Analysis, mixed flow pump, overall efficiency
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Effect of tip clearance on performance of a centrifugal compressoreSAT Journals
Abstract The centrifugal compressor is to study the effect of tip clearance on the performance characteristics and the wall static pressure for a different flow co-efficient. The method of testing the compressor is run at a constant speed at 2000rpm. The tip clearance is varied by using spacers. The volume flow rate is varied with the help of throttling device to conduct the performance test. The performance characteristic of the centrifugal compressor showing the variation of discharge pressure with volume flow rate is plotted. Obtaining the performance characteristics showing the variation of discharge pressure with volume flow rate for different tip clearance, viz. =2.2%, 4%, 6.1% and 7.9%. Measurement of periodic pressure at various tip clearance viz. =2.2%, 4%, 6.1% and 7.9%. For each tip clearance pressure measured in radial location of impeller at 6 positions for different flow co efficient values. Five flow coefficients viz., ф =0.40, =0.34 (both above design flow), =0.28 (near design flow), =0.21=0.18 (both below design flow) and four values of non-dimensional tip clearance viz., =2.2%, 4%, 6.1% and 7.9%, are chosen for experimental work. The objective of the research work is to measure the periodic variation static pressure on the casing over the rotor at different values of tip clearance and flow coefficients. With the availability of these data, it is possible to improve the tip clearance flow in centrifugal compressor.
Optimization of design of mixed flow centrifugal pump impeller using cfdeSAT Journals
Abstract
Centrifugal pumps are widely used hydraulic machines, irrespective of the fact that their performance is generally not very good. So, turning them into more efficient machines is quite a challenge. The performance of a centrifugal pump is highly dependent on its geometrical parameters and its vane profile. In order to analyze the flow through complex systems like centrifugal pumps, Computation fluid dynamics (CFD) has been used. This work aims to study the performance analysis of a centrifugal mixed flow pump designed to deliver 0.25 m3/s of water with a head of 20 m at a speed of 1450 rpm using ANSYS CFX (ver.14.0). PTC Creo (ver. 2.0) has been used to model the pump unit. The performance of the pump was first determined using the existing vane angles and thickness of the blade then, the inlet vane angle, the outlet vane angle along with the thickness of the blade has been varied to analyze the pump’s performance . The results show that for an initial inlet angle 21.08˚, outlet angle 16.28˚ and blade thickness as 10mm, the efficiency of the pump was 84%. However, the efficiency of pump rises to 89.19% for the optimized angles and blade thickness.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Numerical simulation and optimization of high performance supersonic nozzle a...eSAT Journals
Abstract The Principle purpose of a nozzle is to accelerate the flow to higher exit velocities. The fluid acceleration is based on the design criteria and characteristics. To achieve good performance characteristics with minimum energy losses a nozzle must satisfy all the design requirements at all operating conditions. This is possible only when the nozzle theory is assumed to be isentropic irrespective of the changes in pressure, temperature and density which is generally caused due to formation of a Shock Wave. The thesis focuses on the design, development and optimization of a Supersonic Convergent-Divergent Nozzle where the analytical results are validated using theory calculations. The simulation work is carried out for CD Nozzles with different angles of divergence keeping the other inputs fixed. The objective of the proposed thesis is to show the best Expansion ratio, Nozzle Pressure ratio (NPR) and Nozzle Area Ratio(NAR) where the thrust obtained by the supersonic nozzle is maximum. The simulation is then repeated for expansion gas the results of which are later compared with standard air to show which possesses better performance characteristics. The Nozzle design chosen is based upon existing literature studies. Key Words: CD Nozzle, Expansion Ratio, Nozzle Pressure Ratio (NPR), Nozzle Area Ratio(NAR),Divergence Angle etc…
An Investigation on the Performance Characteristics of a Centrifugal CompressorIJERD Editor
The design and off-design performance characteristics of single stage centrifugal compressor
consisting of 12 vanes impeller interfacing with 11 vanes diffuser have been studied experimentally and
numerically. The impeller has been designed and developed with radial exit, 30o inlet blade angle (with
tangent), 77 mm diameter and the discharge volute considering constant mean flow velocity. The performance
of the compressor at varying capacity (60 to 120 % of design) by controlling the discharge valve and with the
variation of rotating speed (15000 to 35000 rpm) by regulating speed of the coupled gas turbine has been
conducted at the recently developed test rig. The numerical simulation has been done by adopting viscous
Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with and without Coriolis Force & Centrifugal Force in
rotating reference frame (impeller) and stationary reference frame (casing) respectively utilizing CFD software
Fluent 14. The flow around a single vane of impeller interfacing with single vane of diffuser, the rotational
periodicity and sliding mesh at the interfacing zone between rotating impeller and stationery diffuser are
considered. Non dimensional performance curves derived from experimental and numerical results are
presented and compared. The numerical results are found to match very closely with the experimented data near
the design point and deviation is observed at the both side of the designed operating point. Non-uniform
pressure profiles towards the impeller exit and strong cross flow from blade to blade are detected at low flow
operating conditions. Total pressure, static pressure and velocity distributions at design and off design
operation obtained from the CFD results are analysed and presented here.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Experimental investigation of damping force of twin tube shock absorberIJERA Editor
A shock absorber is a mechanical device to damp shock impulse and convert kinetic energy into thermal energy. The damping effect of shock absorber depends on damping force and damping force is affected by various process parameters. In this analysis three process parameters damping diameter(A), number of holes(B) and suspension velocity(C) were considered and their effect on damping force of shock absorber was studied and accordingly suitable orthogonal array was selected by taguchi method. Experiment conducted on servo hydraulic testing machine and after conducting experiments damping force was measured and with the help of S/N ratio, ANOVA, Regression analysis optimum parameter values can be obtained and confirmation experiments was carried out. Twin tube shock absorber was used to carry out experimentation.
The turbo machine is an energy conversion device which converts mechanical energy to kinetic/pressure energy or vice versa. The conversion is done through the dynamic interaction between a continuously flowing fluid and rotating machine component. Turbo machines comprise various types of fans, blowers, compressors, pumps, turbines etc. More and more experimental research work is available in the field of turbo machine design and its evaluation. Literature review has revealed that a few literatures are available on three dimensional numerical analysis of a centrifugal fan/blower. Literature review in present work is highly focused on centrifugal blower and use of CFD techniques in turbo machines. In this course of work, input parameters and design parameters of centrifugal blower is obtained as per church and Osborne design methodology developed by Kinnari Shah, PROF. NitinVibhakar. Fluid model is made as per this design data in PRO-E SOFTWARE. And this fluid model is simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach in ANSYS (CFX). Numerical analysis carried out in this work is to understand the flow characteristics at design and off-design conditions under varying mass flow rates, varying rotational speeds and number of blades in both design methodology. This numerical analysis is under consideration of steady flow and for rotational domain (frozen rotor interference) is used. Performance curves are obtained under different variable inlet parameters like volume flow rate, rotational speed and number of impeller blades. Here mass flow rate as a inlet boundary condition and static pressure as a outlet boundary condition. Volume flow rate is changed by changing the mass flow rate at inlet. Overall work carried out on flow behaviour and performance graphs for different cases are discussed in length in results and discussions chapter. Comparative evaluation of two design method indicates that error in static pressure gradient is higher in Osborne design rather than church design, and performance parameters are better for church design than the Osborne design.
Natural Gas Pipeline Transmission Cost & EconomicsVijay Sarathy
In any pipeline project, an economic analysis has to be performed to ensure the project is a viable investment. The major capital components of a pipeline system consists of the pipeline, Booster station, ancillary machinery such as mainline valve stations, meter stations, pressure regulation stations, SCADA & Telecommunications. The project costs would additionally consist of environmental costs & permits, Right of Way (ROW) acquisitions, Engineering & Construction management to name a few.
The following tutorial is aimed at conducting a pipeline economic analysis using the method of Weight Average Capital Cost (WACC) to estimate gas tariffs, project worth in terms of Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Profit to Investment Ratio (PIR) and payback period. The cost of equity is estimated using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM).
Design and Development of Transonic Axial Flow Compressor Rotor BladeIJERDJOURNAL
Abstract:- This paper is about a new computational fluid dynamics developed for the transonic flow in a compressor rotor. Due to 3-Dimensional blade modification the arrangements satisfying the required boundary condition. Engine compressor towards distorted inflow has to be taken in account which is already in the design phase. Flow separation over the blade surface reduction and elimination can improve better aerodynamic, performance, efficiency and stall margin. NASA transonic rotor tip critical in baseline blade rotor performance energizing the low momentum boundary layer, controlling the inception of stall. A Profile generator are attached on the inner casing of the rotor ahead to the loading edge of the rotor and it is influenced on the overall performance which has been studied.
Cavitation Effects in Centrifugal Pumps- A ReviewIJERA Editor
Cavitation is one of the most challenging fluid flow abnormalities leading to detrimental effects on both the
centrifugal pump flow behaviors and physical characteristics. Centrifugal pumps’ most low pressure zones are the
first cavitation victims, where cavitation manifests itself in form of pitting on the pump internal solid walls,
accompanied by noise and vibration, all leading to the pump hydraulic performance degradation. In the present
article, a general description of centrifugal pump performance and related parameters is presented. Based on the
literature survey, some light were shed on fundamental cavitation features; where different aspects relating to
cavitation in centrifugal pumps were briefly discussed.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Numerical simulation and optimization of high performance supersonic nozzle a...eSAT Journals
Abstract The Principle purpose of a nozzle is to accelerate the flow to higher exit velocities. The fluid acceleration is based on the design criteria and characteristics. To achieve good performance characteristics with minimum energy losses a nozzle must satisfy all the design requirements at all operating conditions. This is possible only when the nozzle theory is assumed to be isentropic irrespective of the changes in pressure, temperature and density which is generally caused due to formation of a Shock Wave. The thesis focuses on the design, development and optimization of a Supersonic Convergent-Divergent Nozzle where the analytical results are validated using theory calculations. The simulation work is carried out for CD Nozzles with different angles of divergence keeping the other inputs fixed. The objective of the proposed thesis is to show the best Expansion ratio, Nozzle Pressure ratio (NPR) and Nozzle Area Ratio(NAR) where the thrust obtained by the supersonic nozzle is maximum. The simulation is then repeated for expansion gas the results of which are later compared with standard air to show which possesses better performance characteristics. The Nozzle design chosen is based upon existing literature studies. Key Words: CD Nozzle, Expansion Ratio, Nozzle Pressure Ratio (NPR), Nozzle Area Ratio(NAR),Divergence Angle etc…
An Investigation on the Performance Characteristics of a Centrifugal CompressorIJERD Editor
The design and off-design performance characteristics of single stage centrifugal compressor
consisting of 12 vanes impeller interfacing with 11 vanes diffuser have been studied experimentally and
numerically. The impeller has been designed and developed with radial exit, 30o inlet blade angle (with
tangent), 77 mm diameter and the discharge volute considering constant mean flow velocity. The performance
of the compressor at varying capacity (60 to 120 % of design) by controlling the discharge valve and with the
variation of rotating speed (15000 to 35000 rpm) by regulating speed of the coupled gas turbine has been
conducted at the recently developed test rig. The numerical simulation has been done by adopting viscous
Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with and without Coriolis Force & Centrifugal Force in
rotating reference frame (impeller) and stationary reference frame (casing) respectively utilizing CFD software
Fluent 14. The flow around a single vane of impeller interfacing with single vane of diffuser, the rotational
periodicity and sliding mesh at the interfacing zone between rotating impeller and stationery diffuser are
considered. Non dimensional performance curves derived from experimental and numerical results are
presented and compared. The numerical results are found to match very closely with the experimented data near
the design point and deviation is observed at the both side of the designed operating point. Non-uniform
pressure profiles towards the impeller exit and strong cross flow from blade to blade are detected at low flow
operating conditions. Total pressure, static pressure and velocity distributions at design and off design
operation obtained from the CFD results are analysed and presented here.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Experimental investigation of damping force of twin tube shock absorberIJERA Editor
A shock absorber is a mechanical device to damp shock impulse and convert kinetic energy into thermal energy. The damping effect of shock absorber depends on damping force and damping force is affected by various process parameters. In this analysis three process parameters damping diameter(A), number of holes(B) and suspension velocity(C) were considered and their effect on damping force of shock absorber was studied and accordingly suitable orthogonal array was selected by taguchi method. Experiment conducted on servo hydraulic testing machine and after conducting experiments damping force was measured and with the help of S/N ratio, ANOVA, Regression analysis optimum parameter values can be obtained and confirmation experiments was carried out. Twin tube shock absorber was used to carry out experimentation.
The turbo machine is an energy conversion device which converts mechanical energy to kinetic/pressure energy or vice versa. The conversion is done through the dynamic interaction between a continuously flowing fluid and rotating machine component. Turbo machines comprise various types of fans, blowers, compressors, pumps, turbines etc. More and more experimental research work is available in the field of turbo machine design and its evaluation. Literature review has revealed that a few literatures are available on three dimensional numerical analysis of a centrifugal fan/blower. Literature review in present work is highly focused on centrifugal blower and use of CFD techniques in turbo machines. In this course of work, input parameters and design parameters of centrifugal blower is obtained as per church and Osborne design methodology developed by Kinnari Shah, PROF. NitinVibhakar. Fluid model is made as per this design data in PRO-E SOFTWARE. And this fluid model is simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach in ANSYS (CFX). Numerical analysis carried out in this work is to understand the flow characteristics at design and off-design conditions under varying mass flow rates, varying rotational speeds and number of blades in both design methodology. This numerical analysis is under consideration of steady flow and for rotational domain (frozen rotor interference) is used. Performance curves are obtained under different variable inlet parameters like volume flow rate, rotational speed and number of impeller blades. Here mass flow rate as a inlet boundary condition and static pressure as a outlet boundary condition. Volume flow rate is changed by changing the mass flow rate at inlet. Overall work carried out on flow behaviour and performance graphs for different cases are discussed in length in results and discussions chapter. Comparative evaluation of two design method indicates that error in static pressure gradient is higher in Osborne design rather than church design, and performance parameters are better for church design than the Osborne design.
Natural Gas Pipeline Transmission Cost & EconomicsVijay Sarathy
In any pipeline project, an economic analysis has to be performed to ensure the project is a viable investment. The major capital components of a pipeline system consists of the pipeline, Booster station, ancillary machinery such as mainline valve stations, meter stations, pressure regulation stations, SCADA & Telecommunications. The project costs would additionally consist of environmental costs & permits, Right of Way (ROW) acquisitions, Engineering & Construction management to name a few.
The following tutorial is aimed at conducting a pipeline economic analysis using the method of Weight Average Capital Cost (WACC) to estimate gas tariffs, project worth in terms of Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Profit to Investment Ratio (PIR) and payback period. The cost of equity is estimated using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM).
Design and Development of Transonic Axial Flow Compressor Rotor BladeIJERDJOURNAL
Abstract:- This paper is about a new computational fluid dynamics developed for the transonic flow in a compressor rotor. Due to 3-Dimensional blade modification the arrangements satisfying the required boundary condition. Engine compressor towards distorted inflow has to be taken in account which is already in the design phase. Flow separation over the blade surface reduction and elimination can improve better aerodynamic, performance, efficiency and stall margin. NASA transonic rotor tip critical in baseline blade rotor performance energizing the low momentum boundary layer, controlling the inception of stall. A Profile generator are attached on the inner casing of the rotor ahead to the loading edge of the rotor and it is influenced on the overall performance which has been studied.
Cavitation Effects in Centrifugal Pumps- A ReviewIJERA Editor
Cavitation is one of the most challenging fluid flow abnormalities leading to detrimental effects on both the
centrifugal pump flow behaviors and physical characteristics. Centrifugal pumps’ most low pressure zones are the
first cavitation victims, where cavitation manifests itself in form of pitting on the pump internal solid walls,
accompanied by noise and vibration, all leading to the pump hydraulic performance degradation. In the present
article, a general description of centrifugal pump performance and related parameters is presented. Based on the
literature survey, some light were shed on fundamental cavitation features; where different aspects relating to
cavitation in centrifugal pumps were briefly discussed.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Log into android mobile to fetch the device oriented information using remote...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Fpga based highly reliable fault tolerant approach for network on chip (noc)eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Wireless data transmission through uart port using arm & rf transceivereSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
System to convert 2 d x-ray image into 3-d x-ray image in dentistryeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Design and implementation of address generator for wi max deinterleaver on fpgaeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Analyzing the rainfall and temperature influence on municipal water consumpti...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Development of csp using convex lenses for domestic water heatingeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Rule based messege filtering and blacklist management for online social networkeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Optimization of design of mixed flow centrifugal pump impeller using cfdeSAT Journals
Abstract
Centrifugal pumps are widely used hydraulic machines, irrespective of the fact that their performance is generally not very good. So, turning them into more efficient machines is quite a challenge. The performance of a centrifugal pump is highly dependent on its geometrical parameters and its vane profile. In order to analyze the flow through complex systems like centrifugal pumps, Computation fluid dynamics (CFD) has been used. This work aims to study the performance analysis of a centrifugal mixed flow pump designed to deliver 0.25 m3/s of water with a head of 20 m at a speed of 1450 rpm using ANSYS CFX (ver.14.0). PTC Creo (ver. 2.0) has been used to model the pump unit. The performance of the pump was first determined using the existing vane angles and thickness of the blade then, the inlet vane angle, the outlet vane angle along with the thickness of the blade has been varied to analyze the pump’s performance . The results show that for an initial inlet angle 21.08˚, outlet angle 16.28˚ and blade thickness as 10mm, the efficiency of the pump was 84%. However, the efficiency of pump rises to 89.19% for the optimized angles and blade thickness.
Keywords: Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis, Mixed Flow Pump, Overall Efficiency.
Influence of number of impeller and diffuser blades on the pressure recovery ...eSAT Journals
Abstract Impeller is a very important element in rotating devices to deliver energy to/from the fluid. The diffusers are essential for effective transformation of the kinetic power produced by the rotor in a centrifugal fan. Hence the flow in the impeller and diffuser passages is the important phenomenon in optimizing the performance. These impeller and diffuser flow passages are the most complex regions to predict the flow behavior. With the advanced development of Particle Image Velocimetry as well as convenient numerical CFD tools, it has become possible to reach at an accurate result well-matched with the real behavior of the flow. Hence, in this work moving mesh technique is used to get a numerical solution for the estimation of actual flow manner. Numerous research works have been done recently to get the physics of fluid flow through impeller and diffuser, both numerically and experimentally. But it is found from the literature that the study on the performance of the fan by changing the number of impeller and diffuser blades together in a combination has not been the emphasis of attention in these works. Hence a numerical analysis has been carried out in this paper to comprehensively lookout the fluid interaction in impeller-diffuser as well as to envisage the flow behavior of the fan by changing the number of impeller and diffuser blades together in combination. For the same number of impeller blades, it is found from the analysis that a higher static pressure rise coefficient is achieved at the outlet of the fan for smaller number of diffuser blades. It is also found that larger the number of impeller blades, larger is the static pressure rise coefficient for the same number of diffuser blades, hence performance gets improved. Key Words: Unsteady flow, Recirculation zone, Turbulence, Impeller vane, Diffuser vane, Static pressure rise.
Design optimization of an axial flow compressor for industrial gas turbineeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Effect of flow coefficient and loading coefficient on the radial inflow turbi...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Before attempting to the design of radial inflow turbine, some of the techniques used to describe and present the effect of coefficient
on geometry, need to be appreciated. The user of turbine will generally require parameters which readily describe the overall
dimension of the machine so that assessments and comparisons can be easily made. The designer requires parameters which will
enable him to select the correct machine and make valid comparisons between competing designs. This allows the designer to
compute more easily the dimension of the machine at different coefficient, to assess the performance of a range of geometrically
similar machines. A paper describes the basic design parameters and effect of coefficient on radial inflow turbine impeller geometry
for 25kW application.
Index Terms: radial turbine design, flow and loading coefficient
COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF FLUID FLOW THROUGH ROTATING VANELESS DIFFUSERIjripublishers Ijri
The main objective of the work is to analyze the behavior of the fluid flow through a rotating vaneless diffuser,
flow near wall conditions, performance characteristics and means to reduce the flow losses in a centrifugal
compressor. The project presents a numerical procedure to investigate the pressure distortion at
exit flow of impeller and flow fields around impeller blade and to validate computational results against experimental
data with various models. In rotating vane less diffuser, there are various concepts. The concept
of blade cut back is to be employed in back ward curved impeller to obtain the rotating vaneless diffuser,
which rotates with the speed of the centrifugal impeller and the performance parameters is to be compared
with the static vane less diffuser.
Development of Software for Sizing of Axial Flow Fans -- Zeus NumerixAbhishek Jain
Above Research Paper can be downloaded from www.zeusnumerix.com
The research paper aims to showcase the development of software for the aerodynamic design of cooling tower fans. The software inputs requirements from the user and outputs the 3D CAD of an optimized fan. The software calculates power consumption, efficiency, torque, and sound level of the fan. The software has been found to overpredict the performance by few percentage points due to uncertainty in manufacturing. Authors - Abhishek Jain (Zeus Numerix), Ketan Bhokray (IIT Bombay)
Numerical assessment of the backward facing steps nozzleeSAT Journals
Abstract The backward facing steps nozzle (BFSN) is a flow adjustable exit area nozzle for large rocket engines. It consists of two parts, the first is a base nozzle with small area ratio and the second part is a nozzle extension with surface consists of backward facing steps. The number of steps and their heights are carefully chosen to produce controlled flow separation at steps edges that adjust the nozzle exit area at all altitudes (pressure ratios). The BFSN performance parameters are assessed in terms of thrust and side loads against the dual-bell nozzle (DBN) with the same pressure ratios and cross sectional areas. The DBN is a two-mode flow adjustable exit area nozzle for low and high altitude. Three-dimensional turbulent flow solutions are obtained for the BFSN indicating that the flow is axi-symmetric and does not generate significant side loads. Further confirmation of the axi-symmetric flow is obtained by comparing the three-dimensional flow with the two-dimensional axi-symmetric solutions. The comparison of the thrust generated over the PR range from 50 to 1500 shows that BFSN generates more uniform and higher thrust than the DBN in the intermediate pressure ratios. At PR 1500 (high altitude), the BFSN thrust is 0.28% less than the DBN. All numerical solutions are obtained using the Fluent code. Keywords: Backward facing steps nozzle, Turbulent flow in supersonic nozzle, Side load in supersonic nozzle.
Numerical analysis for two phase flow distribution headers in heat exchangerseSAT Journals
Abstract A flow header having number of multiple small branch pipes are commonly used in heat exchangers and boilers. In beginning the headers were designed based on the assumption that the fluid distribute equally to all lateral pipes. In practical situation the flow is not uniform and equal in all lateral pipes. Mal distribution of flow in heat exchangers significantly affects their performance. Non-uniform flow distribution from header to the branch pipes in a flow system will lead to 25% decrease in effectiveness of a cross flow heat exchanger. Mal distribution of flow in the header is influenced by the geometric parameters and operating conditions of the header. In this work the flow distribution among the branch pipes of dividing flow header system is analyzed for two phase flow condition. In the two phase flow condition, the effect of change in geometric cross sectional shape of the header (circular, square), inlet flow velocities are varied to find the flow mal distribution through the lateral pipes are investigated with the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics software. Keywords: circular, square headers and Computational Fluid Dynamics software. (CFD)
Performance, Optimization and CFD Analysis of Submersible Pump Impellerijsrd.com
To improve the efficiency of submersible flow pump, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis is one of the advanced tools used in the pump industry. A detailed CFD analysis was done to predict the flow pattern inside the impeller which is an active pump component. From the results of CFD analysis, the velocity and pressure in the outlet of the impeller is predicted. CFD analyses are done using ANSYS CFX software. In this research paper we will modified the impeller design by choosing some parameter.
Knowledge Based Design of Axial Flow CompressorIJERA Editor
In the aerospace industry with highly competitive market the time to design and delivery is shortening every day. Pressure on delivering robust product with cost economy is in demand in each development. Even though technology is older, it is new for each customer requirement and highly non-liner to fit one in another place. Gas turbine is considered one of a complex design in the aircraft system. It involves experts to be grouped with designers of various segments to arrive the best output. The time is crucial to achieve a best design and it needs knowledge automation incorporated with CAD/CAE tools. In the present work an innovative idea in the form of Knowledge Based Engineering for axial compressor is proposed, this includes the fundamental design of axial compressor integrated with artificial intelligence in the form of knowledge capturing and programmed with high level language (Visual Basis.Net) and embedded into CATIA v5. This KBE frame work eases out the design and modeling of axial compressor design and produces 3D modeling for further flow simulation with fluid dynamic in Ansys-Fluent. Most of the aerospace components are developed through simulation driven product development and in this case it is established for axial compressor.
Knowledge Based Design of Axial Flow CompressorIJERA Editor
In the aerospace industry with highly competitive market the time to design and delivery is shortening every day. Pressure on delivering robust product with cost economy is in demand in each development. Even though technology is older, it is new for each customer requirement and highly non-liner to fit one in another place. Gas turbine is considered one of a complex design in the aircraft system. It involves experts to be grouped with designers of various segments to arrive the best output. The time is crucial to achieve a best design and it needs knowledge automation incorporated with CAD/CAE tools. In the present work an innovative idea in the form of Knowledge Based Engineering for axial compressor is proposed, this includes the fundamental design of axial compressor integrated with artificial intelligence in the form of knowledge capturing and programmed with high level language (Visual Basis.Net) and embedded into CATIA v5. This KBE frame work eases out the design and modeling of axial compressor design and produces 3D modeling for further flow simulation with fluid dynamic in Ansys-Fluent. Most of the aerospace components are developed through simulation driven product development and in this case it is established for axial compressor.
CFD ANALYSIS IN AN EJECTOR OF GAS TURBINE ENGINE TEST BEDIAEME Publication
An Ejector system has been used to provide high mass flow to the aero-gas turbine engine in a ground test bed facility. CFD method has been used to determine the performance of the ejector with and without a debris guard. In the first case of flow analyses without debris guard in the ejector, the back pressure was reduced to an extent to know the entrainment ratio. It was found that a pressure of 0.1 bar is required to attain this condition called double choking of the ejector. Further analysis was carried out for a back pressure of 0.9 bar with debris guard. Total pressure loss of 8.56% was found across the debris guard. Also the mass flow through the ejector has reduced by 15% due to debris guard.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Cfd simulation of single stage axial flow compressor
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 02 Issue: 11 | Nov-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 502
CFD SIMULATION OF SINGLE STAGE AXIAL FLOW COMPRESSOR
FOR VARYING BLADE ASPECT RATIO
Kumbhar Anil H1
, Aashish Agarwal2
1
PG Student, 2
Associate Professor, Technocrats Institute of Technology, Bhopal, M.P, India,
anil2929@gmail.com, er_ashishagarwal@yahoo.com
Abstract
The aspect ratio of blade is an important parameter and has a strong influence on the performance of axial flow compressor. The
performance of axial flow compressors is known to be affected by the choice of aspect ratio (the ratio of blade height to axial chord
length). A study has been carried out to verify the effect of aspect ratio on the performance of 1.2 pressure ratio single stage subsonic
compressor through AxStream analysis using Axial flow compressor design. The analysis has been carried out for the constant tip
diameter of the compressor rotor blade having an aspect ratio 1, 2 and 3 and obtained the pressure loss and flow parameters of the
compressor stage. This paper shows that the best operating conditions occur for the aspect ratio between 2 and 3.
Keywords: Axial flow compressor, Aspect ratio, Computational Fluid Dynamic, AxStream
----------------------------------------------------------------------***------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
In the recent decades the axial flow compressor is an
important part of any efficient gas turbine. An axial-flow
compressor its working fluid by first accelerating the fluid and
then diffusing it to obtain a pressure increase. The fluid is
accelerating by a row of rotating airfoils or blades (rotor) and
diffused by a stationary blade (stator). The diffusion in the
stator converts the velocity gained in the rotor to a pressure
rise. one rotor and one stator make up a stage in a compressor.
One additional row of fixed blades (inlet guide vane) is
frequently used at compressor inlet to insure that air enters the
first-stage rotor at desired angle. Compressor efficiency is
very important in the overall performance of the gas turbine as
it consume 55-60% of the power generated by gas turbine. The
industrial pressure ratio is low for reason that the operating
range needs to be large. The operating range is the range
between the surge point and chock point
Now a day research and developmental efforts in the area of
axial flow compressors for gas turbine application are aimed
to improving its operating range without sacrificing efficiency.
An increase in aspect ratio (the ratio of blade height to chord
length) has been observed to have an adverse effect on the
performance of single-stage axial flow compressors.
In experimental, numerical and theoretical investigations have
been performed in the past, studying the effects of aspect ratio
on compressor performance, but yielded mixed results
Meherwan P. Boyce [2003],G.J. Fohmi[1971], J.H. Horlock
[1967], Ronuld J. Steinke und James E. Crozcse [1967],
observed a Effects of Aspect Ratio on blade loading, blade
excitation, and the pre-twist blade angles. At high aspect ratios
the blades had to be designed with mid span shrouds, and tip
shrouds. This decreases the efficiency of the stage; however,
without the shrouds the pre-twist blade angle had to be
increased and the blade excitation resulted in blade failure.
Ronuld J. Steinke und James E. Crozcse study under the
Lewis Research Center Cleveland, Ohio. Results of their
studies do not indicate any basic limit on aspect ratio other
than possible supersonic meridional velocities for acceptable
design point performance. they note that off-design
performance and mechanical design problems may limit the
maximum usable aspect ratio. The high axial pressure
gradients associated with higher aspect ratio blading could
require refinements in the profile loss correlation that was
used in order to predict performance accurately.
This paper describes the effect of aspect ratio by using 3-
Dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)
commercial code AxStream to investigate the influence of
aspect ratio on a single stage subsonic axial flow compressor.
The objective of this paper is CFD analysis of single stage
subsonic axial flow compressor at various aspect ratio (AR)
configurations such as 1, 2 and 3 to obtain the pressure loss
and flow parameters to find best operating range of aspect
ratio.
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPRESSOR
In this paper various flow parameters and pressure loss are
calculated for single stage axial flow compressor by
considering different blade aspect ratios 1, 2 and 3. The
objectives of this paper are to evaluate the effect of aspect-
ratio curvature variations and radial distributions of pressure
loss on flow parameters such as meridional velocity, Mach
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 02 Issue: 11 | Nov-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 503
number and to determine whether any basic limit of aspect
ratio exists in order to maintain acceptable design point
performance between range of aspect ratio 1, 2 and 3. The
single stage axial flow compressor having inlet guide vane,
Rotor & stator is considering with constant tip diameter of
pressure ratio 1.2.
2.1 Main specification of axial flow compressor:
Type of compressor: Single Stage Axial Flow compressor
Working fluid : Ideal Gas
Corrected rotational speed: 14800 rpm
Corrected mass flow rate : 15.5 kg/s
Inlet pressure : 101.3250 Kpa
Stage total pressure ratio : 1.21
3. METHODOLOGY
The single stage axial flow compressor having inlet guide
vane, rotor and stator are design for the operating range
specified above with constant tip diameter in preliminary
design mode. The preliminary design mode will give the
outline of the compressor with inlet and outlet parameters.
Initial data for the design are Preliminary design solution.
3.1 Preliminary Design
The design process starts with preliminary design procedure. It
gives wide range of results to rapidly select optimal main flow
path parameters, such as the number of stages, geometrical
dimensions and angles, heat drop distributions etc. Preliminary
design procedure performs calculation i.e. based on boundary
conditions and calculates flow path geometry. After the
calculation is finished its Calculation results will show on
map.
Fig.1 Pressure variation with mass flow rate
3.2 Post Design and Streamline Calculations
In this mode we are able to change aspect ratio of given
compressor and run the streamline calculations. The paper will
illustrate the aspect ratio variation only for the rotor. First
select the rotor aspect ratio one and run the program it will
give the result for aspect ratio one, and run the further
calculations by changing aspect ratio 2 and 3. The result with
aspect ratio 1 ,2 and 3 will show the various flow parameters
i.e. static pressure distribution in compressor , total pressure
and absolute pre distribution, meridonal velocity and mach no.
is shown in fig. 2. The meridonal velocity is also shown in
fig.2 that will be vary through the compressor, maximum
velocity is in the potion of IGV and rotor interaction gap and
minimum at the inlet of the IGV of the given compressor.
Fig.2 pressure and velocity distribution
The fig. 2 is indicating that the static pressure is maximum at
the stator outlet of the compressor and minimum at the inlet
guide vane inlet of compressor. The maximum relative
pressure is at the inlet of the rotor and minimum at the inlet of
inlet guide vane of compressor, similarly total absolute
pressure is at the stator outlet of the compressor and minimum
at the inlet guide vane inlet of compressor.
The mach number is vary thought the compressor fig. 3 shows
that the relative mach number is maximum at the inlet of rotor
which is indicate the high velocity at the inlet of rotor and
minimum at the inlet of IGV and the stator outlet which is
indicate the low velocity at the entrance and exit of the axial
flow compressor.
Fig.3 Mach number
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 02 Issue: 11 | Nov-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 504
The major problem in compressor tuning is to choose proper
criteria to estimate the effects of applying stators restaggering
and bleeding. In a scope of current study the equivalent
diffusion factor introduced by Lieblien. Equivalent diffusion
factor introduced by Lieblien is
Deq
=
Where,
W – Relative velocity Beta – Blade angle
1/2 –Inlet/Outlet station m- Meridional component
3.3 3D Blade Design and Modal Analysis
The next step of is to perform profiling on plain profiles
section to obtain optimal flow characteristics and pressure
distributions. On the next step 3D blade design, stacking and
shaping are performed, and complete geometry ready to export
is obtained. In this section we adjust the curve of blade make
the curvature of blade smooth to get the optimum result. This
task is performed by blade parameter editing command i.e.
Edit mode. The fig.4 will show smooth curve of blade, After
completing blade editing 2D calculation is run to get the 2D
result.
Fig.4 Blade profile Fig.5 Modal analysis
3D structural and modal analysis will carried out for
performing analysis. Modal analysis will give the frequency at
various mode shown in fig. 5.This mode also shows the
assembly of the IGV, rotor and stator for detail study of at
various modes of frequency. The next mode of study will give
the final result of the compressor with various flow
parameters.
3.4 Flow Analysis
To evaluate designed blades in 3D CFD, AxCFD is used into
AxSTREAM as express flow analysis with automatic mesh-
generation. Results are display on screen as per selected mode
of parameter. The fig.6 is shows the variation of static
pressure with different blade aspect ratio. The result will vary
with aspect ratio, the static pressure is increase with increasing
aspect ratio. The results are indicate that maximum pressure at
aspect 1,2 and 3 are 158.6 kpa, 195.1 kpa and 159.6 kpa is
shown in fig. 6.
Fig.6 Static pressure
The total absolute pressure and relative pressure is shown in
fig. 7 and 8 that will also increased with increasing aspect
ratio. Results are shows that maximum total absolute pressure
at AR 1,2 and 3 are 236.2 kpa, 237.1 kpa and 239.7 kpa
respectively.
Fig.7 Total absolute pressure
Total relative pressure are is variation are little change as
compare to the static pressure and total absolute pressure, the
maximum pressure is achieved by considering aspect ratio
these aspect ratio are 174.9 kpa, 175.3 kpa and 173.2 kpa.
These result indicate that maximum pressure achieved in
aspect ratio 2 then slightly less in aspect ratio 1 and minimum
is at the aspect ratio 1.This result is shows that aspect ratio 2
will give maximum total relative pressure as compare to
aspect ratio 1 and 3 shown in fig.8.
Fig.8 Total relative pressure
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology
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The maximum maridonal velocity is 165.4 m/s in third case
then continuously decrease with decreasing aspect ratio are
162.7 m/s and 162.2 m/s shown in fig. 9
Fig.9 Meridonal velocity
The mach number is important parameter in compressor, the
absolute mach number is also increased with increasing aspect
ratio shown in fig.10
Fig.10 Absolute Mach number
The Relative Mach number is also increased with incr
aspect ratio shown in fig.10. The maximum mach number is at
the inlet of the rotor which is 1.081 that is illustrate the
velocity is maximum at the rotor inlet, the minimum mach
number at the outlet of the stator that shows the velocity is
decrease in that section and pressure is increase.
Fig.11 Relative Mach number
The result of axial flow compressor is also compare with the
varying aspect ratio from 1 to 3 are in the chart below. The
CFD package will give the facility compare the result at
various section in the axial flow compressor.
IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319
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2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
The maximum maridonal velocity is 165.4 m/s in third case
then continuously decrease with decreasing aspect ratio are
The mach number is important parameter in compressor, the
absolute mach number is also increased with increasing aspect
Absolute Mach number
number is also increased with increasing
aspect ratio shown in fig.10. The maximum mach number is at
the inlet of the rotor which is 1.081 that is illustrate the
velocity is maximum at the rotor inlet, the minimum mach
number at the outlet of the stator that shows the velocity is
in that section and pressure is increase.
Relative Mach number
The result of axial flow compressor is also compare with the
varying aspect ratio from 1 to 3 are in the chart below. The
CFD package will give the facility compare the result at
various section in the axial flow compressor.
Fig.12
Fig.13 Total absolute pressure
Fig.14 Total relative pressure
Fig.15 Meridonal velocity
Fig.16 Absolute Mach number
eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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505
Fig.12 Static pressure
Total absolute pressure
Total relative pressure
Meridonal velocity
Absolute Mach number
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Fig.17 Relative Mach number
The result shown in the graphs are the distribution of various
flow parameters of axial flow compressor at the various
sections. The sections are created at the entrance and exit of
inlet guide vane, rotor and stator. Also the result display in the
chart with various flow parameters.
3.5 Results
Sr No. Property Unit AR 1 AR 2 AR3
01 Stat. Pressure At Outlet Kpa 113.7122 114.174756 114.165971
02 Total Pressure At Outlet Kpa 121.5935 121.593498 121.637599
03 Power KW 270.6084 261.047898 262.802038
04 Total Efficiency - 0.901984 0.902032 0.901957
05 Polytropic Efficiency - 0.903580 0.903683 0.903608
06 Total-Static Pressure Ratio - 1.122253 1.126817 1.126731
07 Diffusion Factor(By Nasa) 0.285267 0.284491 0.283775
08 Diffusion Factor By De Haller 0.826342 0.823076 0.823087
09 Average Flow Coefficient 0.3328 0.336 0.3382
10 Total Pressure Rise Kpa 20.26850 20.26849 20.312599
11 Total Pressure Loss Factor 0.03229 0.045350 0.046292
12 Profile Pressure Loss Factor 0.016394 0.022687 0.023610
CONCLUSIONS
In this paper the computational fluid dynamic analysis has
been carried out by varying AR 1, 2 and 3 on a single stage
subsonic axial flow compressor of 1.2 pressure ratio to obtain
the overall performance of the compressor using commercial
code AxStream. The result shows that power consumption
decrease in AR 2, Total efficiency is increased in AR2. It is
also indicate that with increasing AR the diffusion factor (by
NASA) is decrease and diffusion factor by de Haller is slightly
decrease in AR2 . Total pressure rise is increased with
increasing AR, furthermore total pressure loss factor and
profile loss factor is also increased with increasing AR.
Through this paper, it has been clearly brought out that, the
best aspect ratio for the referred single stage axial flow
compressor is in between 2 and 3. The computational results
should be validate by performing experimental work under
controlled conditions.
Hence future work will be to do the analysis taking aspect
ratios in more discrete manner i.e. 2, 2.2, 2.4, 2.6, 2.8, 3 in this
way we can get optimum aspect ratio.
REFERENCES
[1] Boyce, M.P. 2003. Gas Turbine Engineering Handbook,
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[2] Werner R. Britsch, Walter M. Osborn and Mark R.
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Middle Stages. NASA Technical Paper 15230
[3] Hanoca P, Shobhavathy M T. 2011.CFD analysis to
investigate the effect of axial spacing in a single stage
transonic axial flow compressor. Symposium on Applied
6. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 02 Issue: 11 | Nov-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 507
Aerodynamics and Design of Aerospace Vehicle
(SAROD 2011) November 16-18, Bangalore, India.
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