Disaster Management Organization

Disaster Management Organization
Disaster Management involves a continuous and integrated process of planning, organising,
coordinating and implementing measures which are necessary or expedient for : "Prevention of
danger or threat of any disaster". "Mitigation or reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity or
consequences". "Capacity building including research and knowledge management". "Preparedness
to deal with any disaster". "Prompt response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster".
"Assessing the severity or magnitude of effects of any disaster". "Evacuation, rescue and relief".
"Rehabilitation and reconstruction". Experts in the relevant vista of disaster handling list a number
of issues which correctly applied can lead to better DM, in order of importance, these are :
"Coordination". "Prevention/Preparedness". "Evidence–based planning". "Local capacity". "Relief–
to–recovery orientation". "Emergency health and medical care". "Capacity to respond to
catastrophic disasters" The most important issue highlighted has been coordination. This is centered
around the following cardinal points: "Experienced professional leadership", "Coordination without
control," "Humanitarian orientation", and "Unity of doctrine". Almost all the nations of world have
their own disaster management systems in place. The resources available and the scale of threat
determine their degree of readiness. Disaster management organizations need to be simple and
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The National Department Of Homeland Security
The events of September 11th, 2001 forever changed the organizational make–up of Emergency
Management. Prior to 9/11, FEMA was the premier organization in the United States that dealt with
any sort of disaster management. While FEMA was not without its own particular struggles early
on, it had grown into an effective program; often emulated by other Governments for its
effectiveness. As the primary Emergency Management function for the United States it was afforded
a cabinet level position; thus allowing direct access to the President (Haddow, Bullock, & Coppola,
2011). Functioning as its own entity, FEMA was also able to spend its money as they saw fit,
develop its own hierarchy, and most importantly; decide which natural disasters/emergencies to
focus a majority of their resources on. Unfortunately for FEMA all of that was lost with the creation
of The Department of Homeland Security (DHS). According to (Haddow, Bullock, & Coppola,
2011), "In the aftermath of September 11, 2001, when the Department of Homeland Security was
established and FEMA lost its status as an independent agency, emergency management became a
minor player" (p. 343). The shift from a focus on natural disasters, to a focus on terrorism has been
detrimental for FEMA. First and foremost, FEMA lost its cabinet position and the direct line to the
President that it was afforded. While funding was accelerated to DHS in quantities never before seen
in emergency management, FEMA, being a subordinate of

Human Deaths And The Canadian Columbia Forest Fires Of 2004
For example, in Canada, the number of human deaths has been small in comparison to those that
have occurred in developing nations as a result of extreme events of similar magnitude and intensity.
Nevertheless, there have been a number of disasters that have caused enormous disruption and/or
damage, including the 1998 Ice Storm, the Prairie droughts of the 1930s, 1980, 1987 and 1989, the
Red River flood of 1997, the British Columbia forest fires of 2004, the Saguenay flood of 1997,
Hurricanes Hazel (1954) and Juan (2004), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS, 2003) and
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) (Haque, C.E and Etkin, D 2007).
Policy development regarding emergency management with examples of Alberta Nova scotia,
Ontario and Quebec
Years have passed since the wakeup calls of July 21, 1987 (Edmonton Tornado), July 20, 1996
(Saguenay River floods in Quebec), April 29, 1997 (Red River floods in Manitoba), January 9, 1998
(ice storms in eastern Ontario and western Quebec), September 11, 2001 (terrorists attacks in
Manhattan and Washington, DC), March 5, 2003 (SARS epidemic in Toronto), August 14, 2003
(largest power blackout in North American history), September 28, 2003 (Hurricane Juan, Nova
Scotia) the blackout in central and eastern Canada in August 2003 and The Emergency Management
Act was passed on June 22nd, 2007. The 2007 Emergency Management Act replaces parts of the
1985 Emergency Preparedness Act to "strengthen the Government of Canada's response to

Emergency Management And The Homeland Security Information...
Introduction Emergency management functions around four main ideas, mitigation, preparedness,
response, and recovery. These terms are widely used throughout the federal emergency management
agency, which in turn integrates them into every aspect of emergency management as a whole.
Using the terms mentioned helps create programs such as web–based situational awareness
programs the Homeland Security Information Network known as "HSIN". Web–based situational
awareness programs are vital programs to have during any emergency event, whether it is used
during an active emergency event, training for an event, or for everyday use. The city of Everett
currently uses one form of web–based situational awareness program that is mainly used by first
responders such as police and fire agencies. Integrating a new system that is beneficial for all
federal, state, local, and tribal agencies as well as organizations is the most beneficial for
interoperability. The current city emergency management plans uses HAZUS software, Wireless
Emergency Alert and some other great software programs. But, using a system like HSIN allows for
each program to be dumped into one system that paints a broad picture of situations as it unfolds
that allows emergency managers or incident commanders delegate responsibilities.
Program Overview
Everett is currently the third most populated county in Washington State. The county is roughly
three quarters of a million people, with Everett being the most

Disasters Caused Destruction On The Health Of The Public
All through the history, people have been endangered by unexpected events that caused destruction,
various injuries and death. Preparation for the disasters and effective response actions when the
disaster occurs can help minimize the long–term effects of the disaster. Today, disasters are of even
greater concern than in the past. The frequency of disaster events has increased, due to, in part
increasing technology. Human communities are also much more condensed, increasing the potential
for exposure to disasters. Furthermore, due to increasing population size and new technologies,
people are more likely to settle in areas of increase disaster potential. Moreover, the radical groups
are more likely to use the massive disasters in a pursuit ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"One of the nation 's key preparedness challenges has been determining appropriate state and local
public health preparedness priorities" (CDC website).State health departments have the
responsibility of reorienting health care providers to recognize unusual disasters and reporting
duties. The guidelines of the disaster preparedness are provided by the Center for Disease Control
and Preparedness (CDC). Public Health Preparedness Capabilities: National Standards for State and
Local Planning guide is a set of fifteen capabilities developed by CDC to guide local and state
health departments in their disaster preparedness. CDC's Public Health Preparedness Capabilities
Planning Model defines "a high–level planning process that state and local public health
departments may wish to follow to help determine their preparedness priorities and plan their
preparedness activities" (CDC website). Emergency Management Reform Act of 2006, requires all
states receiving Federal assistance administered by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to
prepare a self–assessment of jurisdiction's capability targets. Under the Title V of the Stafford Act,
to save lives and protect property and public health and safety or to relive or avert a threat of a
catastrophe, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA, an agency of the US DHS) is
authorized to provide assistance with required

Essay The Importance of Fallout Shelters
A fallout shelter is a shelter that was used in a time of need. From 1947 to 1991, fallout shelters
were a big hit during the Cold war. The fallout shelter represents the atomic age and how families
got through nuclear attacks. A lot was contributed in the making of these shelters, and they kept
families together. Time and effort to keep America safe is what made these shelters important to
American History. Not only are the fallout shelters a symbol of the cold war and fear, but it also
significantly impacted America because they protected Americans from radioactive debris, gave
America shelter in a time of war, and it reduced casualties.
The Shelters protected America from radioactive debris. The free–standing, double hulled structure
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Along with packing enough material for the time being, a shelter plan is a must (Bomb Shelter
Guide). Before the shelters, the issue of the Cold War and nuclear attack were introduced and it
induced panic ("Kennedy Urges Americans to Build Bomb Shelters"). As the nuclear attack was
seen as a threat to Americans, Cuba had already received nuclear missiles. Cuba's nuclear missile
attack was known as the Cuban Missile Crisis, in which the USSR placed nuclear missiles in Cuba.
This event resulted in the 13 days crisis. The 13 days crisis was tense, and during this time period,
Americans began to stock up on canned foods. Canned food was the only food Americans shopped
for because none of the shelters had refrigeration, and there were no stoves or microwaves ("The
Family Fallout Shelter"–Nebraska). Games like Monopoly, or cards were often played in the shelters
to pass time by. Girls often had diaries to write in about how living in the shelter was like.
We've suffered a war, and one thing we know: Whenever our nation's faced war, whether it was in
the 1980s when we were winning the Cold War or in the 1940s during World War II, the responsible
thing to do has been to borrow money to win the war (Mehlman). On top of Americans having
shelter, fear and casualties were reduced ("Fallout Shelters).Washington was the main focal point of
the nuclear threat, and because of that, these shelters were offered for their protection and safety. To
promote fallout shelters in

The Tornado Short Story
The tornado I looked outside to see someone's home absolutely destroyed. The whole upper level
was gone. Nothing left but the four walls. I stared in awe. What if that was us? What if we lost our
house? It was just a normal day. March 6th was the date. The first part of my day was great,
surprisingly. Mondays are never good. But this Monday was. Of course it couldn't stay good.
Monday always finds a way to make you miserable. It was quite warm this particular day. Not many
clouds out today. I had a great feeling it was going to be a good day. I got home, and continued my
day normally. Not a care in my mind. I laid down on my couch, put on Netflix and made some
popcorn. I even felt less sick than I had been feeling for the past two weeks. It was around 6:30
when my mom got home. And she had guests. "Great." I said to myself. It was one of her old friends
that moved to Arkansas. Her name was Barb, she was very short and had extremely long blonde
hair. And she was with her husband, Ed, he was the complete opposite of her he was very tall, and
bald. There isn't a guest room in my house, so they would either sleep on the couch. Or they would
sleep in my room, and I would have to sleep on the couch. They weren't even here for more than
five minutes, and my mom asked if they could stay in my room. Of course I said yes, because it was
the polite thing to do. I was not very excited about this. But I went downstairs and cleaned my room,
because it was a mess. I wished they

Emergency Operation Plan Essay
Week 5 Assignment Emergency Operation Plan for Ashford University
HSM 315 Emergency Planning
Instructor Donald Walker
November 2, 2012
Emergency Operation Plan
Ashford University
400 North Bluff Blvd
Clinton, IA 52732
Toll–free number
1.800.242.4153
Fax number
563.243.6102
After office hours, please call
Clinton Police Department 563.243.1458
Director of Student Success 563.242.4023 ext. 7382
Manager of Campus Security 563.242.4023 ext. 7868
Associate Director of Student Services 563.242.4023 ext. 7789
Introduction
Disasters, whether natural or manmade, can happen anytime and anywhere, without warning. An
earthquake, hurricane, tornado, fire, or hazardous material spill or even an act of terrorism can
happen ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the area of, Ashford University and Clinton Iowa, tornadoes can occur at any time, but primarily
occur between the months of April through October. Tornadoes can be the most brutal of storms.
Winds speeds can reach speeds nearing 300 miles per hour and can destroy anything in its path.
Tornadoes form rapidly and can travel for miles along the ground and lift up from the ground, and
then suddenly change directions and touchdown again! There is little you can do to protect your
property from a direct hit by a tornado; however, many actions can be taken to protect you and your
family.
2. All campus buildings are equipped with a NOAA weather radio which broadcasts news of tornado
watches and warnings.
3. 5 Outdoor Warning Sirens sometimes referred to as Tornado Sirens, are used in warning citizens
who are outdoors about impending danger. In Clinton County there are two main siren systems that
cover the all incorporated cities within Clinton County as well as several unincorporated areas. Both

the sirens that are part of the siren system located within the 10 Mile Emergency Planning Zone or
EPZ, for the Cordova Nuclear Plant, and the siren system installed and maintained by the Clinton
County Emergency Management Commission are part of a cohesive system that can be activated in
a uniform manner. All of the sirens can be sounded individually, in groups, or activated throughout
the county.
4. General

Emergency Management Evolution Of The Field Summary
After reading the article, "Emergency Management: The Evolution of the Field", I gained an
understanding of how emergency management has progressed as a field in the United States during
the last few centuries. There were some information that I had already known prior to reading this
article, but there was a substantial amount of intriguing information that I not only read in order to
write this journal entry, but for my own benefit as a student who is educating himself in this field.
The historical events relating to emergency management listed in this article were definitely worth
reading about. For example, in the village of Portsmouth, New Hampshire during 1803, a local fire
broke out that lead to a cry for additional help after local ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
From the Portsmouth fire of 1803 to Hurricane Sandy of 2012, every major disaster that has
occurred not only in the United States, but in the surrounding countries, has shaped how emergency
management progressed over the last few centuries. Not only did natural disasters played a role in
this evolution, but the U.S. presidents as well because each president had a unique mindset towards
the relationship between the federal government and emergency management. As we progressed
towards the future, there is no doubt that this field is continuing to evolve. Whether it is a natural
disaster or a U.S. President, emergency management only has room for improving. Although it will
have its times of failure, the history of emergency management has shown that failure is only one
step closer to

Responsibilities Of Virginia Beach During A Disaster
Disaster Management in Virginia Beach
Megan Kinlaw
American Public University
Community Health in Nursing II
Responsibilities of Virginia Beach during a disaster.
The City of Virginia Beach upholds an Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) that defines all roles
carried out during an emergency. Procedures are utilized throughout each stage of the disaster by all
involved agencies, in order to decrease any adverse effects on the community. The state of Virginia
utilizes the Incident Command System for all large emergency response efforts. This system is a
structured system that coordinates local, regional, and federal organizations to efficiently work
together during mass casualties. Preparing for an emergency is a collaborative effort between all
members of the community and follows a mushroom tier system during a disaster. All operations
start at the local level of the population and can possibly spread to regional and/or national
resources. The level of resources utilized depends on the level of destruction and demands that each
event necessitates. (City of Virginia Beach, 2011)
The city's Office of Anti–terrorism and Disaster Preparedness, Director of Emergency Management,
Coordinator of Emergency Management, and the Deputy Coordinator of Emergency Management
are the officials that lead the city in the event of an emergency. These representatives work
alongside police, fire, and ems departments, and city utility companies to assist in carrying out local

Vault Dwellers Research Paper
For anyone who is just joining the Fallout: Shelter party, it can be a little scary looking at the sheer
number of things you can do in the game. Have no fear! We've been playing the game for quite a
while, and we've got some some Fallout: Shelter cheats, hints, tips and tricks to help you survive: 1.
Preparation is Half the Battle When those raiders and deathclaws come knocking at your vault's
door, you want to be ready. Give two of your very best weapons to dwellers closest to the vault door
and move them to the entrance as soon as you've got visitors. You can also just set two dwellers on
guard duty, but they won't be doing anything else with their time – not a good idea. 2. Roam the
Wasteland Sending your vault dwellers out to explore the wasteland is one of the more productive
things you can do in Fallout: Shelter. The longer they are out there, the bigger chance they have of
finding caps, weapons, outfits and even lunchboxes! You should rotate your dwellers so there's
always at least one of them in the wasteland at any given time. ... Show more content on
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As soon as you notice they're out of healing supplies, bring them back. Luckily, nobody can attack
them on the way home. 3. Build Your Base Efficiently Every two or three connected rooms of the
same type give you bonuses, so make sure you build them next to each other whenever possible.
Also, your power plants should be spread out evenly throughout your base – the farther a room is
from a power plant, the more power it needs to run. At the very beginning of the game, consider
extending your elevator down instead of building it left or right. It may cost a little more, but the
symmetry this gives to your base very much makes up for it. 4. Keep Track of SPECIAL

Pat Frank’s Alas Babylon
*"In The End, It Is Our Defiance That Redeems Us." – Mark Rowland*
"To the world you may be just another person, but to one person you may just be the world (Snyder,
ThinkExist.com). In Pat Frank's book, Alas Babylon, Randy Bragg is no one of importance. He is
failed politician that lives off his family's land in a small town, Fort Repose, in Florida. But For this
small town lawyer everything was about to change. The United States had been on edge of Nuclear
Warfare with Russia for years. Frank writes on about how one man, Randy Bragg, redeems himself
from a failed politician to a somewhat of a town hero (Frank).
Pre warned by Mark Bragg, Randy's brother, Randy prepares for the arrival of his sister–in–law,
niece, and nephew; along ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Blessed because "the more distance between you [Fort Repose] and the fallout particles, the less
radiation you [Fort Repose] received (Protection in the Nuclear Age 4)."
Soon after The Day Randy takes over and becomes somewhat of a dictator of an alliance of people
that included Lib and Bill McGovern, Doctor Dan Gunn, Alice and her friend Florence Wechek,
Sam Hazzard, along with Preacher and his family. Electricity lines and water supplies have been cut
off throughout the town, due to the bombings. Randy soon discovers a way to restore running water
to his own house and soon adds it to those houses in his small community of people that were also
without running water. Throughout these trying times this newly found community comes together
and learns to means of survival by sharing and providing for one another (Frank). They could not
hope of surviving this blackout without the support of on another after all the "struggle, for those
who survived The Day, was to survive the next (Frank 126)." Though Randy and his community
were doing somewhat well others throughout the town had not taken the throwback of a hundred
years as easily (Frank 144). President of the bank, Edgar Quisenberry, refused to live in such a
world that had been so unexpectedly imposed on him and toke a bullet from his own gun (Frank
122). Edgar would be one of the first to take the

Emergency Preparedness : A Natural Part Of Life
Local Emergency Preparedness Name College Local Emergency Preparedness Disasters are a
natural part of life. The history of humankind is littered with major catastrophes that altered the
change of history. These catastrophes sometimes have devastating effects and show the weaknesses
of the response teams put in place to mitigate them. In recent history, two events have shaped
disaster preparedness and response in the country. These disasters are the September 11 terrorist
attacks and the hurricane Katrina (Canton, 2007). After the September attacks, homeland security
was formed and tasked with preventing future terrorist attacks. However, after Katrina, there was a
realization that nature had the potential of inflicting deadlier attacks. The result is that homeland
security was expanded to include all catastrophic events that affected American citizens (McEntire,
2007). The national policies adopted affected all states. For example, for a state to qualify for federal
funding, it needs to outline disaster mitigation strategies the disaster mitigation act of 2000 requires
all local authorities to have disaster mitigation strategies in order to qualify for federal grants
(Schwab, 2010). Such conditions inspire mitigation strategies across the country, including the state
of Illinois. Current goals of the community The objectives of the community about disaster bear
many similarities with the general goals in the nation. They are merely concerned with disaster

India National Committee on Disaster Management
India: National Committee on Disaster Management (NCDM) Since independence in 1947, India
has developed a nationwide relief administration but with the primary responsibility placed on State
Governments to play the lead role. It has raised a specific structure for disaster management in the
recent years. The structure is as under:– Figure 3–6 NDMA – India (Source: NDMA, India)
Mandate  The Central Government plays a number of important roles in the primary relief
functions relating to warning, communications, transportation (evacuation and movement of
essential commodities), logistics, medical supplies, infrastructure preservation and restoration, and
financial resources.  Secondary role of the Central Government is designed to supplement the
states' relief efforts. It includes flood forecasts, relief, rehabilitation and restoration, contingency
planning, technical assistance for provision of drinking water, water management, and coordination
of state voluntary agencies' activities. Responsibilities  In India the state government is primarily
responsible for disaster management, specially the responsibility for rescue, relief and rehabilitation.
Effort of the state government is augmented by the central government in terms of financial and
logistic support.  Responsible departments and ministries are:– o Ministry of agriculture. o Civil
aviation department. o Ministry of interior. o Ministry of Railways. o Ministry of environment. o
Health and family welfare

The Terrorist Attacks On The World Trade Center
The terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center, the Pentagon, and the downing of an airplane by
passengers on September 11, 2001 left many Americans reeling with fear and feeling vulnerable.
The American people no longer felt safe and protected on their homeland soil. It was a violation of
security that united not only the American people, but countries around the world. Shortly after the
terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, then President, George W. Bush, proposed the creation of
the Department of Homeland Security. Prior to this proposal, the responsibility to protect the
nation's security fell to over 100 different government agencies. Not one of these agencies saw
homeland security as their primary goal. The newly created ... Show more content on
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Hospitals and other healthcare institutions are under increasing pressures to provide medical
treatment to patients with limited and reduced reimbursements from medical insurance providers.
There is also a substantial increase in the number of patients without health insurance. The
Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act is a national mandate that requires healthcare
organizations to access and stabilize any person who seeks medical treatment regardless of their
ability to pay (Kaji, Koenig, & Lewis, 2007). Public health facilities are challenged financially with
complying with state and federal mandates such as required implementation of electronic medical
records and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (Hanfling, Schafer, &
Armstrong, 2004).
Recommendations 26 and 28 from the 9/11 Commission may have impacts on the healthcare sector.
Recommendation 26 requires the implementation of the Incident Command System for all
organizations who are responsible to respond to all–hazards threats. The second recommendation
from the 9/11 Commission that could impact healthcare is Recommendation

Emergency Management And The Historical Factors That...
Explain the origin of emergency management and the historical factors that helped lay the
foundation for the profession of emergency management. Compare and contrast aspects of
emergency management relating to Hurricane Agnes of 1972 and Superstorm Sand of 2012.
The history of emergency management dates back in 1803 when a great fire struck Portsmouth city
in New Hampshire. In response to this firebreak out, the Congress passed into law the Congress Act,
1803 to compensate the Portsmouth merchants. The Portsmouth city fire breakout and the congress
response to the disaster set a precedent, which was applied in United States in management of
emergencies like the 1835 terrific fire of New york city, fire break out at Chicago in 1871, the
Galveston hurricane of 1900, and the 1906 San Francisco horrible earthquake up to mid–20th
century (Rubin, 2012).
In 1930s, the government incorporated disaster aids in in to laws in order to stabilize the economy of
the country. As at 1935, laws setting up federal funds available through loans for reestablishment of
public amenities, roads, and bridges, which had been destroyed by natural catastrophes, were put in
place. Moreover, the 1934 Flood Control Act allowed the U.S army corps of engineers to design and
build projects to control floods in the region.
The 1950s marked a significant period in the evolution of emergency management due to the
outbreak of cold war that presented the risk of nuclear wars and fallouts. Communities and

The Pros And Cons Of Colonizing The Moon
The idea of colonizing the Moon sparks controversy and while there are plenty of downsides, the
benefit will be far superior and eliminate any degrading it may cause. Of course, the Moon is a dead,
inactive planet as of now, but we can spark light on the satellite. After getting past the debt of
colonizing the moon, we will have the potential for building a fueling station and we should have a
backup plan for when nuclear war does inevitably happen. While colonizing the moon will
undoubtedly cost a fortune, contrary to popular belief, we can afford the journey. NASA's annual
funding is around $19 billion USD which is more than enough to kick off a manned mission to the
current wasteland. According to MarketWatch's Jurica Dujmovic: "Reaching the moon would cost
about $10 billion" Also mentioning, "with an additional $28 billion to $52 billion" being spent on
construction and other mandatory actions in colonizing the Moon. The Moon has resources that can
be mined out and help reestablish the economic situation. As stated by cnbc's Lori Ioannou, "The
ability to mine Helium–3 could have a tremendous impact on Earth and the environment". Helium–3
is an environment friendly clean, fuel that could be used to power nuclear fusion reactors. Although
we would have to use the majority of our funding, we will likely gain valuable knowledge, and
possibly even go on mining expeditions to regain some money.
After getting past the debt of colonizing the moon and all of that passes, our

Education
Running head: A BETTER PLAN
A Better Plan
Thomas P. Liedel
Grand Canyon University
The Principalship
EDA 540
Bob Kopas
March 31, 2010
Abstract
After reviewing the emergency preparedness plan for Lookout Valley High School, there were some
questions that needed to be asked, reviewed and possibly modified. The school has never had to use
the plan, and only practices small sections of it during the year. The plan was updated in 2009, to
bring it up to date. Overview of Emergency Plan Before the rewrite of the emergency preparedness
plan could be started, the principal sent out forms to all the teachers and staff to find out what
different types of special talents were in the building. The staff went through the forms and ... Show
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At every staff meeting different aspects will be covered to help ever staff member know how to deal
with different situations. Students will be given flyers each month in homeroom along with a quiz to
help instill their education of how they are supposed to react to the emergency simulations, and
possibly to a real life situation. Staff and students must be educated to understand how the
emergency plan can help them when there is a situation. Training will come from professional
developments for the teachers, and is class education for the students with a controlled emergency
simulation in the auditorium. Parents will be invited to participate in this simulation.
Major Issues The plan covers many of the critical issues that are pertinent to modern schools. But
there are many hazardous materials in the vocational department, there are two automotive programs
at Lookout Valley High School. Both classes keep their MSDS sheets up to date, these are updated
every time new chemicals are introduced to the automotive labs. In 1999 the school put in a
collision repair course, there was a need to modify the emergency plan then, but it was not done
until 2008. This could have been tremendously dangerous if there were a fire, or of someone tried to
create some type of explosive device. There were extensive amounts of chemicals being stored in
the lab. These chemicals have since been disposed of properly according to OSHA. Local
automotive dealerships

Hurricane Katrin Emergency Planning
Week 3 Assignment – Hurricane Katrina
HSM315: Emergency Planning Hurricane Katrina was an extraordinary act of nature that created
massive human tragedy. Experts say that Hurricane Katrina was the most destructive natural disaster
in U.S. history. This massive hurricane brought with it catastrophic floods, obliteration of numerous
homes and business, ruined the offshore energy infrastructures, and caused an estimated $96 billion
dollars in damage. The aftermath of Hurricane Katrina resulted in an estimated 1,833 human
fatalities. Many victims found it significantly difficult to reconstruct their shattered lives. So who is
to blame for such massive destruction of property and loss of life? Do we just simply blame
Hurricane Katrina ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Department of Homeland Security (DHS). Some feel that FEMA's absorption into DHS was to
blame for the failure to effectively respond to Hurricane Katrina. There was much unfamiliarity with
the revised National Response Plan and the fresh creation of the Department of Homeland Security.
"It's been said that experience is the best teacher. The unfortunate thing is that the learning process is
sometimes such a painful one." (The U.S. House of Representatives, 2006). During a hearing held in
October 2005, it was said that FEMA had been under–funded and under–staffed, thus contributing to
the unsuccessful response to Hurricane Katrina. Furthermore, there were claims that Congress had
undermined FEMA's effectiveness when it consolidated with the Department of Homeland Security.
Ultimately, no one knew what role the Department of Homeland Security played during a disaster
situation. Unfortunately, there was a failure of managing the risk factors associated with an actual
hurricane affecting New Orleans. The current emergency plan in place at the time of Hurricane
Katrina only prepared the area for a Category 3 hurricane. No one anticipated a higher category
hurricane could or would hit the area. They took for granted that the probability of a stronger
hurricane occurring was low, thus overlooking major risk management identifiers. When Hurricane
Katrina actually hit, emergency planners were now being reactive instead of

The Role Of Nurses And Health Care For Pregnant Women
The Role of the Nurse in Emergency Preparedness Malorie Braley, Kayli Clay, Arianna Gutierrez
and Margaret Ideler Sam Houston State University The Role of the Nurse in Emergency
Preparedness Introduction Nurses serve an important role in emergency preparedness on all levels
through planning, community and consumer education, and direct care provided to those in need
when disaster strikes. Association of Women's Health, Obstetric, and Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN)
focuses on the specific population of mothers and their infants because of the special needs that this
vulnerable population may need in an emergency. The role of the nurse in emergency preparedness
demonstrates that during a disaster, the nurse is to address the needs of ... Show more content on
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The researchers used a questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) which was
developed to assess individual's perception of susceptibility to illness, severity of illness, costs and
benefits of action, and cues to action. Data was collected from 177 New Jersey nurses, attending an
emergency care conference, using a 56 question survey. The results were analyzed and compiled
into 5 different tables in regards to the susceptibility, role, knowledge and experience of nursing in
disaster preparedness and response. A strength of the study was that 79% of the nurses who
completed the survey were special certified and 70.5% of the respondents have more than 10 years
of experience in emergency nursing. This allowed for the researchers to gather information that was
accurate and actually pertained to the population. There were several limitations of the study
including, the small sample size and potential demographic bias. All of the nurses that completed the
survey live and work in the New York or New Jersey area and based on the 9/11 attacks the
respondents might have different attitudes towards disaster response than do nurses from other parts
of the United States (Whetzel et al., 2013). The second supporting article, "Development and
evaluation of 'disaster preparedness' educational programme for pregnant women" (Yasunari,
Nozawa,

The Pros And Cons Of Chemical And Biological Weapons
"Terrorists imitate governments, and nuclear weapons are in the arsenals of the world's major
powers. That makes them 'legitimate.' Chemical and biological weapons also may be found in the
arsenals of many nations, but their use has been widely condemned by public opinion and
proscribed by treaty, although in recent years the constraints against use seem to be eroding." 1
–Brian Michael Jenkins, former leading terrorism analyst, written in 1975. More than forty years
later, it is more relevant than ever before.
March 20, 1995 marked the first time a non–state actor waged a chemical attack against a civilian
population (chemical attacks had been used in the past but never by a non–state actor). Aum
Shinrikyo, a Japanese terrorist group, released ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While the sarin attack used by Aum Shinrikyo was difficult to implement, the use of a highly
contagious disease, such a smallpox, could create mass casualties and chaos. Due to its highly
contagious nature, it would only need to be spread to a few people in a major transportation hub, and
it could be wildly spread clandestinely due to its 12–14 day incubation period. There are only two
known existing cultures of Smallpox today, which are held by the US and Russia. Moreover, there is
a concern that Russian security surrounding the existing culture is questionable. The concern of a
breach is taken so seriously, that the US has 300 million

Mad Max Fury Road : Film Directed By George Miller And...
The world is now barren and dead. Insane cults control the world and one must fight to survive. This
is the world of Mad Max Fury Road; a film directed by George Miller and stars Tom Hardy as the
titular Max and Charlize Theron as the imposing Furiosa. The film was released on May 15th 2015
and opened to rave reviews from various sources (Rotten Tomatoes). Brian Tallerico of
RogerEbert.com states that, "[the movie] vibrates with the energy of a veteran filmmaker working at
the top of his game (RogerEbert.com)". Of all the elements, the setting elevates the movie to a
greater level. Not only does Miller utilize this setting to highlight the various themes of the film, but
he also uses this setting to drive the tension of the film. Though never explicitly stated, the post–
apocalyptic nature of the world had developed due to the exhaustion of natural resources that may
have led to a large scale nuclear war. This is highlighted by the value the characters had played for
water, the dusty environment of the film, and the psychological trauma exhibited by various
characters. The paper aims to evaluate the various factors that contributed towards the dilapidated
setting of Mad Max: Fury Road. The first factor that showcases the cause for the apocalyptic nature
of the film is the exhaustion of water in the Mad Max universe. This is illustrated by the obsession
the populace has for water. This is obsession is displayed by the main antagonist: Immortan Joe,
who successfully controls a

A Short Note On Response Network ( Warn ) Act
and Response Network (WARN) Act was passed by Congress in 2008. The WARN Act allows
federal agencies to transmit alerts from the President of the United States, National Weather Service
(NWS), state and local emergency operation centers to participating wireless providers to have those
alerts broadcast to their customers. With the CAP technology of IPAWS using the IPAWS–OPEN,
the program formerly known as the Commercial Mobile Alert System (CMAS), now called the
Wireless Emergency Alert (WEA), issues alerts that are transmitted with technology akin to SMS
text messages. These WEA alerts are delivered to all cellular phones by way of cell towers rather
than the older technique of transmitting text alerts to individual users. The WEA has ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Foreign tourists to the United States will find that their cellular telephones do not work unless their
cellular device are "unlocked" and capable of functioning on the MHz spectrum of the area they are
visiting. Normally within the US, the service providers operate on the 850 and 1900 MHz bands.
Most other countries, and their cellular phones operate on the 900, 1800 and 2100 MHz bands.
Therefore, foreign tourists risk not receiving cellular device EAS broadcasts on their "locked"
cellular phones even if they are within a regional geographically targeted alert zone for wireless
emergency alerts. The lack of other than English alerts also becomes an issue with these
demographic groups. Currently, this weakness in the United States emergency alert system is not
being corrected.
According to the Government Accounting Office report of 2007, there are some 54 million adults
within the United States with some degree of hearing or vision impairment (GAO, 2007). The
current EAS system also has poor capabilities to issue alerts to individuals within the disabled
community. At this time, the alerting options for the disabled community remains limited and further
research and development will be needed. The redundant communication platform alerting
capabilities of the CAP within IPAWS–OPEN will be needed for the alerting of this community.
It is expected in 2018, a new application

Manage Meetings: Invitation
Manage meetings Task 1
Invitation
Dear all,
It is our honour and pleasure to invite you all to the meeting of XXX Company which will be held in
221, Burwood Highway, Deakin University, Building HC, LT13, 10 of December, 2012.
The meeting will focus on developing a fire evacuation plan.
This will also be a great opportunity to exchange experiences and information, learn from each
others.
The meeting papers can be incorporated to the meeting program which will be given to you when
you come to the meeting.
Sincerely yours,
Jeff Wu
CEO of XXX Company
Manage meetings Task 1
Meeting papers
Emergency Plans emergency contact telephone numbers Fire Brigade | 000 | Police | 000 |
Ambulance | 000 | Gas Leaks (24 Hours) | ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
3. Maintain machinery to prevent overheating and friction sparks.
4. Report electrical hazards. Many fires start in faulty wiring and malfunctioning electrical
equipment. Never attempt electrical repairs unless you are qualified and authorized.
5. Maintain free access to all electrical control panels. Material or equipment stored in front of the
panels would slow down the shutting down of power in an emergency situation.
6. Use and store chemicals safely. Read the label and the Material Safety Data Sheet to determine
flammability and other fire hazards. Provide adequate ventilation when using and storing these
substances.
7. Use all precautions to prevent ignition in potentially explosive atmospheres such as those
containing flammable liquid vapors or fine particles. Use non–sparking tools, and control static
electricity as required.
8. Help maintain building security to prevent arson fires. Lock up as instructed; report suspicious
persons; and don't leave combustible rubbish where it can be set afire outside the building.
9. Smoke only in designated areas, and extinguish smoking materials safely. Never smoke in
storerooms or chemical storage areas.
10. Never block sprinklers, firefighting equipment or emergency exits. Observe clearances when
stacking materials.

11. Post emergency telephone numbers as well as the company address by the telephone in your
station for quick access if a fire were to start in your work area.
12. Learn how to properly use a

Emergency Preparedness Document Analysis
The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
are United States agencies that deal with the coordination of response plans and strategies. The two
agencies provide emergency preparedness documents which contain various disaster management
plans that can be used after certain disasters such as typhoons, floods, oil spills, and many other
emergencies. FEMA and EPA emergency preparedness documents have a lot in common but also
differ in some ways. Some of the similarities between FEMA and EPA documents include; both
documents are created to provide emergencies that can lead to more communal harm if they are not
controlled, are sometimes used in the same situations, and are from a careful and long government
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(2003). Federal Disaster Policies After terrorists strike: Issues and Options. Hauppauge, N.Y. : Nova
Science Publishers
Harrald J. (2006). Agility and Discipline: Critical Success Factors for Disaster Response. The
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Vol. 604, Shelter from the Storm:
Repairing the National Emergency Management System after Hurricane Katrina (Mar., 2006), pp.
256–272
Reference
Code of Federal Regulations. (2008). U.S. General Services Administration, National Archives and
Records Service, Office of the Federal Register, 2008 – Administrative law
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2017. EPA. https://www.epa.gov/
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The Department of Homeland Security 2017.
https://www.fema.gov/
Haddow, G. D., Bullock, J. A., & Coppola, D. P. (2014). Introduction to emergency management.
Privacy Documents for the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). 2017. Homeland
Security, Department of Homeland Security.

Knowing-Doing Gap: All-Hazard Messaging
Education and messaging There is only so much that government agencies can do to educate the
public, and there comes a point where society must take ownership for their own emergency
preparedness. However, it has been found that these public education initiatives have been
surprisingly effective at encouraging people to prepare for disaster. FEMA has found that an
awareness of vulnerabilities to natural disasters motivates people to prepare. People need to feel as
though they themselves can be adversely affected by a disaster, and that disasters are not merely
events which happen elsewhere. More importantly, FEMA has found that messaging should be
targeted to specific hazards, since "all–hazard messaging may dilute critical differences in
preparedness and response protocols." The same study by FEMA stresses the importance of outreach
and social marketing as communication strategies that increase preparation. Even more importantly,
the messaging should be tailored to the specific threats that are likely to occur in a specific location.
For example, hurricane preparedness messaging should not be targeted to people living in the
prairies. Peter Sandman would ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In their book The Knowing–Doing Gap: How Smart Companies Turn Knowledge into Action, the
authors make a few recommendations about how to close the know–do gap. First, there must be a
sense of urgency in task completion. This means that people must feel as though there is some sort
of consequence to not completing the task. Therefore, a sense of urgency must be built into the
public education campaigns by incorporating the consequences of not being prepared for disasters.
This is not to suggest that fear should be built into the education model, but rather, including the
potential consequences of being

Walmart Disaster Prevention
Prior to the devastating September 11, 2001 terrorist attack, the level of preparedness of local and
federal first response agencies including Fire Department of New York (FDNY), the New York
Police Department (NYPD), the Mayor's Office of Emergency Management (OEM), and the Port
Authority Police Department (PAPD) was not well organized (Kean & Hamilton, 2004). According
to the Kean and Hamilton (2004) on 9/11 commission report, the following explain their prior
preparedness. First, the PAPD did not have a standard operating procedure concerning how different
commands should communicate over radio in case of a terrorist attack. This meant confusion in
communication over radio in during the terrorist attack. Second, the FDNY's radios performed ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While an educational grant award helps undergraduate and graduate students with financial needs,
the education area has not been well addressed by the current training initiatives. Other areas that
are considered to be inadequately addressed by current training initiatives include security and
nationalism. For the purpose of priority, these areas will be ranked in the order of higher importance
to less importance. In this case, education is considered more important followed by nationalism and

A Poor Allocation Of Our Nation 's Time And Resources
23.7%. That is how many of 600 randomly surveyed students and staff in an independent study at
PNHS said they "Strongly Agree" that their household is generally prepared for disasters (Witek,
Figure 1). In the modern world, everyday citizens live under constant, and generally ignored, threats
like those of nuclear warfare, international terrorism, cyber attacks, natural disasters, and other
large–scale crises. While we go about our daily lives, these potential events linger and yet the
average US citizen stands under–prepared or entirely unprepared for these harsh realities. Despite
this shocking fact, the US Government continues to focus on defending the country rather than
preparing its population. This document will argue as to why this is a poor allocation of our nation's
time and resources and why programs like Civil Defense, popular and commonplace during the
Cold War, should be brought back into the picture for the preservation of the nation and its people.
Our nation and its population should be educated, prepared and exercised for the harsh realities of
the modern world. Along the lines of large–scale disasters, there are nearly infinite scenarios where
things can go horribly wrong in a matter of minutes and hours, as opposed to months and years.
Nuclear war lingers between the US and North Korea (McConnell/Todd), the tension between
Russia and the US remains higher than ever (Khanal), and revived disputes between India and
Pakistan threaten to ignite warfare

Disaster Preparedness Is A Homeland Security Program...
Disaster Preparedness Randy Fay is a Homeland Security Program Manager for Snohomish County
Emergency Management (R. Fay, personal communication, June 20, 2016). In this role he
coordinates the needs of whole populations with a specific focus on vulnerable populations in
disasters. Also, this role assures appropriate supplies are delivered to responders. Randy is also the
crew chief of the Snohomish County Search and Rescue Helicopter Rescue Team (R. Fay, personal
communication, June 20, 2016). In fact, on March 22, 2014 Randy and others were out on a training
mission in the helicopter when a mudslide struck Oso, Washington. The helicopter was on scene
within minutes, and Randy personally rescued some of the 14 survivors of the slide (R. Fay,
personal communication, June 20, 2016). Randy knows disaster planning and response well. He
spent many weeks in the Oso disaster command structure, and many months after preparing
paperwork for proper reimbursement from the government. Top Three Disasters According to Grand
Canyon University (2011), disaster preparation can be a high stress activity. One reason for this is
the fact that there are many disasters to take into consideration during planning. Some disasters are
unique to geographic areas, such as hurricanes, and tornadoes. Yet, other disasters occur regardless
of geography such as fires, or pandemic outbreaks (Grand Canyon University, 2011). According to
Mr. Fay, the number one disaster that local planners take

Seattle Pitting Research Paper
On March 23, 1954, Seattle newspapers reported citizens finding pits and glass bubbles within their
car windshields at a town 80 miles from Seattle. Police investigated and initially brushed it off as
vandalism, albeit without much proof. It did not seem like a serious case, after all...until more
reports of similar damages popped up on April 14th from another town 65 miles away, and on that
same evening, in Seattle itself. Hundreds of people phoned Seattle police between the 14th and 15th,
reporting the same pittings and dings in their windshields. Seattle citizens entered a state of
confusion and paranoia, to the point where the mayor had begun to look to President Eisenhower for
help when not even the police could find the cause for this. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Such dire–sounding headlines only fueled the people's fear of nuclear war more. Upon hearing news
of the affected fishermen and the sheer power of such H–bombs, people began to fear not only of
other countries, like Soviet Russia, planning to develop similar, if not more destructive hydrogen
bombs, but American bomb testings affecting them. "Following atmospheric testing of hydrogen
bombs in 1954, people in and around Seattle, Washington began to report mysterious "pitting"
damage to auto windshields. [...] The incident was shortly followed by a nationwide rush to buy
fallout shelter plans" (Miller 136) The H–bomb testings seemingly spelling doom, according to
1950s media, did not help survival plans make people feel any safer, either. "The film, Duck and
Cover, was shown to schoolchildren beginning in 1950. The cartoon turtle, the cheerful theme song,
and the practical advice were supposed to reassure children who might worry about an atomic
attack. Instead, the images of little Johnny diving off his bicycle convinced children that the bombs
could fall at any moment and gave them nightmares" (Walbert). The 1950s was a time where many
were scared of being under nuclear attack, children and adults alike. Thus, the unexplainable
windshield pittings in Seattle had people easily jumping to a conclusion of nuclear fallout being
behind the pittings. Those in Seattle who were "in support of this view ... claimed that they found
tiny, metallic–looking particles about the

Narrative Essay: The Vietnam War
"World War II is finally at it's end! Look forward to a life without worry or stress..." These voices
blaring from the radio filled Alana Hiroto's head as she tried to not drift off to sleep and ate her now
soggy and tasteless Cheerios. She was not looking forward to catching the smelly old school bus
that would be honking at her front door any minute. As Alana listened to the radio, she realized she
honestly didn't care much about the nuclear war she knew was going on between her home country,
Japan, and some other countries she didn't know the names of. Alana only knew that Mr. Yuin, her
Social Studies teacher, would give them two whole points of extra credit if they completed the extra
homework assignment on the ongoing war. Alana lived a pretty mellow life with her mom and
brother, who was two years older than her and such a moody teenager. They lived in their little
hometown of Kaita, Japan, just next door to the massive cities of Hiroshima and Hatsukaichi. Their
neighborhood was right in the heart of their city's main town, which ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
I mean, she couldn't hear or see anything outside now and did not know what was going on with the
nuclear attack, and why would the monitor go off for no reason? The warning was issued at least an
hour ago at this point; had the bomb went off yet, or was there even a real bomb? Alana decided
right at that moment she would figure out the code; she would unlock its messages and see what was
happening in the outside world and with her family. Alana raced to the back of the narrow room at
the end of the hallway where a bed and a bookcase were placed against the wall. She traced her
fingers against the titles on each of the file folders that were organized alphabetically on the metal

Sociological Factors Of Managing The Broader Public And...
A know–do gap is described as the disconnect between knowing what to do in any given
circumstance or situation, and turning that knowledge into action. The process of turning that
knowledge into action is referred to as knowledge translation, and is a significant focus of this paper.
Much of the know–do gap literature centers around the difficulties faced by businesses in achieving
adequate knowledge translation. However, some of this information has useful applications for
governments in encouraging individuals and families to prepare for emergencies. In The Knowing–
Doing Gap, Jeffrey Pfeffer and Robert Sutton examine some of the sociological factors of managing
people and how to ensure they turn knowledge into action. These sociological factors offer insight
into effective methods of managing the broader public and their level of emergency preparedness. I
will discuss how one of their theories can motivate people to take action to ensure they are prepared.
Similarly, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) has conducted considerable research
on ways to ensure successful knowledge translation (again, the process of turning knowledge into
action). This research is not necessarily specific to emergency preparedness, but provides some
usefulness for emergency managers when convincing the public to take concrete steps to increase
their level of emergency preparedness. Relevant ideas from the CIHR include: involving the end–
user in the process, customizing the

Alas, Babylon: Survival and Isolation
When drastic times occur and sweep one of everything they own, do they have a plan of action?
Will they be prepared for a life without power, resources, and stability? Many times when people are
faced with this situation they find themselves unprepared and unable to live in such conditions. They
lose the connections with the world, the water they drink is likely to get contaminated, and the
scarcity of goods is a threat to themselves and anyone left alive. Everywhere around them there is
death and destruction leaving them isolated in their own dystopia. Pat Frank's Alas, Babylon
illustrates a nuclear bomb simulation. In such a way, he gives the readers a taste of isolation and
survival needs when facing such drastic times. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fortunately enough for Randy and his house guests, they were in on the strategic warning and able
to prepare themselves for the downfall yet to come. A nuclear attack will obliterate anyone near the
initial explosion and many inside a vast range of expansion (Kearny, 12–13). Several precautions are
advised during such times to help the endangered population including proper shelter, ventilation,
and protection against harmful gases (Kearny, 37–64). Most importantly one will need natural
resources, such as drinkable water, on hand and in store illustrating the reason Ben Franklin "fill[s]
up all the pails and sinks and tubs with water." (Frank, 97). The ability to have water is the most
important thing for basic survival. There is danger in accessing that water, however. If one
consistently dips a cup, or such a tool, into the water they risk contaminating the it. If one is to pour
the water out of a bucket, or whatever it may be storing the water, they risk spillage. Having the
water is one task; keeping it, another (Kearny, 69–70). Frank looks past surviving the initial hit
addressing the survival after the damage has been done. With isolation comes desperation making
valuable items, such as silver or gasoline, become items of barter to get necessities for ones survival.
Randy and his fellow guests are fortunate enough to have a doctor living with them as it benefits
them in two ways. The first benefit they get from

Emergency Management Plan Chemical Spill/Release
Columbia Southern University | Emergency Management Plan | Chemical Spill/Release | | Erik Gohl
| 11/7/2011 |
|
Purpose
Events which interfere with the normal operations of Hennepin Technical College (HTC) are
unavoidable. The purpose of this document is to explain the actions, roles, and responsibilities that
are to be taken by individuals and departments in the event of a spill or release of a hazardous
chemical or waste. (Homeland Security, 2011)
Emergency Management Team
The Emergency Management Team (EMT) shall consist of the following individuals:
College President
College Vice President(s)
College Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) Officer
Director of Security
Maintenance Supervisor
Administrator ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Once the decision to evacuate has been made, the AOD will contact the maintenance department,
assign radios, and make the public address announcement. Additionally, the AOD will direct
someone to call 9–911 to initiate assistance from the local emergency response groups like the fire
department, special rescue team, law enforcement, and emergency medical services. All counselors
and administrator shall report to the front desk with their radios to receive assignments from the
AOD. Faculty and staff will respond by calmly leaving the classroom or lab area, taking with them
any unsecured potential source of student information (laptop computer, attendance record, class
list). As the last student leaves the area, close and lock the door to increase security and provide
assurance the area has been evacuated. Using the evacuation routes posted in each room the
Supervisor/Instructor, will lead the group under their control to the appropriate rally point outside
the building (see "Map of Evacuation Rally Points and Associated Building Areas"). They will
remain at their rally point until receiving further instructions from the AOD. Roll call should be
performed at the rally point by each supervisor and instructor to determine if their group is
accounted for. Any missing persons must

Health Care Administrator Of A Hospital
Disasters as we know it comes on suddenly without warning, it can happen anywhere, anytime or at
any hour. In order to regain control of an event is to be prepared at all times. Often, danger occurs,
leaving many lives unprepared for catastrophes or misfortunes. As a Health Care Administrator of a
hospital it is important to be prepared at all times, not only is it a duty, but it is the job of the
Administrator to ensure the safety of its patients at all times. Therefore, it is the Administrator's duty
to ensure their team is prepared at all times for any and all disasters. Being prepared for each and
every incident that arises saves that many more lives. A conversation about Disaster Preparedness
led me to speak with Artie Salter. Mr. Salter is a Fireman/Emergency Medical Technician, who has
been an active for the more than 17 years at the Charleston County Fire Department, as the Rank of
a Lieutenant. His duty is to respond to emergency calls daily, however his task as a Fireman/EMT is
to be prepared to respond to any type of emergency. As a result, some days he responds as a Fireman
and on other days as an Emergency Medical Technician. With years of experience, knowledge and
understanding of Disaster Planning, Artie has helped to open my eyes to the untold preparation a
fireman must endure to protect the community in which we live. There are many days of training
and drills that each fireman must attend and pass in order to be prepared for any and every

Office Of The Inspector General
Office of the Inspector General: Review of TOPOFF 2005
The Top Officials Exercise (TOPOFF) held in April 2005, is the third iteration of the mandated
biennial national exercise for top officials and key personnel in emergency management, domestic
response and consequence management; that included planning events and seminars in order to
strengthen the U.S. to assist in the preparation to prevent, prepare for, respond to, and recover from
a large scale attack ("A Review", 2005). It has been sponsored by the Department of Justice (DOJ),
the Department of Homeland Secuirty (DHS), and the Federal Emergency Management Agency
(FEMA). In 2009, it was announced that the exercise would be renamed Tier 1 National Level
Exercises and would still be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to the Office of Inspector General's (OIG) document (2005), the exercise starts 30 days
prior to the simulated event and involves the Intelligence Community (IC). While the exercise is
fictional, it is based off of real world events and actual terrorist groups. It was designed to test law
enforcement personnel and the IC to detect and disrupt the terrorist strategy as early as possible and
react to unclear and evolving information. The exercise was to let the IC and law enforcement
agencies employ operational procedures, engage analysis, and provide timely and correct
information to the participants of the exercise ("A Review", 2005, p. 4).
There were 15 different types of simulated attacks that played throughout the years. A 10–kiloton
improvised nuclear device, explosives attack, biological attacks – anthrax, influenza, and plague,
food contamination, and foreign animal disease (zoonotic); chemical attacks of blister agent, toxic
industrial chemicals, nerve agent, and chlorine attacks; natural disasters (earthquake and hurricane);
radiological attack, and a cyber–attack ("A Review", 2005, p. 6).
Event 1. TOPOFF 1, May 2000. TOPOFF took place before the events of 9/11 were realized, and
was a congressionally mandated drill which lasted 10 days. The simulated bioterrorism attack in
Denver and a chemical warfare attack (mustard gas) in New Hampshire were the main targets of the
exercise. Lessons learned included the quick

Emergency Management Essay
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
This chapter provides an overview that describes the basic types of hazards threatening the United
States and provides definitions for some basic terms such as hazards, emergencies, and disasters.
The chapter also provides a brief history of emergency management in the federal government and a
general description of the current emergency management system–including the basic functions
performed by local emergency managers. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the all–hazards
approach and its implications for local emergency management.
Introduction There are many ways to describe emergency management and the importance of the
tasks emergency managers perform. Indeed, in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The natural environment is, of course, not "getting its revenge". Geophysical, meteorological, and
hydrologic processes are unfolding as they have for millennia, beginning long before humans
occupied the earth and continuing to the present. Given the eons–long perspective of the natural
environment, it would be very difficult to identify meaningful changes in event frequency for the
short time period in which scientific records are available on geological, meteorological, and
hydrological phenomena. Event frequency, from an emergency management perspective, is not
really the issue. It is certainly true that, over the years, more people have been affected by natural
disasters and losses are becoming progressively greater. The significant feature driving these
observations, however, is the extent of human encroachment into hazard prone areas. With
increasing population density and changing land use patterns, more people are exposed to natural
hazards and consequently our accumulated human and economic losses are increasing. Much of this
exposure is a matter of choice. Sometimes people choose hazardous places, building houses on
picturesque cliffs, on mountain slopes, in floodplains, near beautiful volcanoes, or along seismic
faults. Sometimes people choose hazardous building materials that fail under extreme environmental
stresses–for example, unreinforced masonry construction in seismically active areas. Some exposure
results from constrained choices; the cheap land or

Persuasive Essay On Hurricanes
When was the last time you or your family were affected by the path of a hurricane? How was your
experience? Some hurricanes can leave devastation, but it can be more dangerous if you don't
prepare and expose your family to the hazards during the landfall and aftermath. To be fully
prepared in the event of a and have ways of staying informed and keep family entertained to avoid
anxiety hurricane you must have an emergency evacuation plan. Gather essential supplies, protect
one's home, and have ways of staying informed and keep the family entertained to avoid anxiety or
panic attacks. I have lived in P.R., a tropical island, until two years ago when I moved to the US.
Hurricanes in my memory, when growing up, were school time off. It was also seen as time to spend
with family, watching the wind move the trees and rain fall. Having a strict diet due to galactosemia,
I didn't find it enjoyable eating canned meat and crackers. So far P.R. has been lucky, almost twenty
years of avoiding even a category one force hurricane. Until now, hurricanes seem to change their
path up to two hundred miles away. Many answered last minute prayers disintegrating into tropical
storms with little or no impact. Like in P.R, society first tries to lower anxiety levels by not watching
the news. The first step will be to have an emergency plan that includes an evacuation plan. Utilities
services will be affected. PR often implements preventive maintenance on utilities seventy–two
hours prior to

Descriptive Story Of A Tornado
Jimmy Serrano and his Friend Dustin Trung are biking their way home. Jimmy was mad at Dustin
for not talking to him for the past week. "Dustin can you please talk to me. Dustin looks away from
Jimmy and focuses his eyes on his spinning tires. "You know what don't want to talk to you either.
Jimmy takes the other way home,leaving Dustin still going the normal way. "Stupid Dustin" Jimmy
mutters then suddenly a cat walks in front of Jimmy's bike and Jimmy swerves into a wall.
"Awwwwww" Jimmy mutters, he looks at the alley walls painted with Graffiti. It starts raining,the
rain splatters the ground so hard that he couldn't hear himself. The streets ahead of him start filling
with fog. Then suddenly Jimmy sees a swirling cloud circling above. Dustin was at home he wanted
to see where Jimmy was. Dustin looked at his phone it started ringing. The words read, TORNADO
WARNING GET IN YOUR HOUSES,AND TAKE COVER NOW. Dustin's heart started
pounding."MOM,There's a tornado." then he remembered his mom said she would be working late.
Dustin grabbed his coat,and put on his shoes and went out the door. It was very windy,and the rain
was deafening. He could barely see ten steps in front of him. It looked like the air was polluted. The
streets were flooded with water as he could barely walk.Dustin managed to see the alley,he tried to
walk to the alley but the water was weighing him down. It was like a river,Dustin tried to stand up
but then the water surged and he was rushed downhill with

Disaster Management Organization

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