Sputnik Education Reform Movement

Sputnik Education Reform Movement
Reflecting on past education reform movements, particularly the Sputnik era education reform
movement reveals several keys to successful reform. These keys include, but are not limited to, a
shared political and economic goal, clear competitor, metaphor, timeline, symbol, and legislative
support. The shared goal or contemporary vision of the Sputnik era education reform movement was
framed around sending a man to the moon and returning him safely. This large, understandable, and
goal specific challenge was spurred by the USSR's launching of the Sputnik satellite (Bybee, 2013).
While the contemporary Sputnik moment remains "poor levels of achievement on national and
international assessments, these issues are not major events perpetrated by ... Show more content on
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Underpinning the vision of "Reform for the Future" are four themes in STEM education. These
themes remain, "addressing global challenges that citizens must understand, changing perceptions of
environmental issues and associated problems, recognizing 21st century workforce skills, and
continuing issues of national security" (Bybee, 2013, p. 33). Global challenges include issues, which
transcend borders and focus on common issues such as global climate change, ecological scarcity,
and emerging and reemerging infectious diseases (Bybee, 2013). Public perceptions of
environmental issues and associated problems have preceded STEM educational reform. An
understanding of the relationship between the economy, national security and the environment exist
as discussions have veered from scientific understandings towards global implications and
sustainability. Framing STEM education around these global challenges will provide the knowledge
and innovation needed to confront these globally accepted environmental issues. However,
individuals will require 21st century work skills to apply this knowledge and innovations in the
workplace. These skills include adaptability, complex communications and social skills, nonroutine
problem–solving skills, self–management and self–development, and systems thinking (Bybee,
2013). STEM programs have the potential to
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The Security Of A Network
There are many threats today that can compromise the security of a network. Network security is
now more important as ever as attacks on networks that hold valuable information are being
breached, even with security measures put in place. One of the biggest threats to a network is data
theft. Outside hackers pose the greatest threat. These thieves target a company's network and steal
information through vulnerabilities that they have found in their networks. They usually gain access
through the use of a Trojan horse, which is a program that looks legitimate but can be used by others
to gain access to the network. They may also use a virus or worm, which can infiltrate a network
with malicious code and replicate itself in a network. Others try to gain entry by attempting to crack
the network passwords or user accounts. We hear in the news how networks that were supposed to
be secure were breached and information was stolen that could have negative consequences. Yahoo
discovered that their network had been attacked continuously for the past two years but only
recently discovered it. Information that was stolen ranged from users birth dates to passwords that
were encrypted (Lien). When a network has been successfully breached and information stolen, the
company who has fallen victim to this not only sees their reputation hurt but also suffer a large drop
in their stock prices. This hurts people who may have some shares in that company as many
retirement plans tend to invest

The Terrorist Attacks of 9/11
The tragic events of September 11, 2001 highlighted the vulnerability to terrorist attacks. The
importance of critical infrastructures to the government, people, and organization can be dependent
on the vulnerability towards a national disasters, manmade hazards, and terrorist attack.
Contemporary standard of what constitutes critical infrastructures has evolved as a wide array of
threats has increased in modern times. Critical infrastructures represent aspects of the economy that
makes the nation function as a whole and protecting America's critical infrastructures and key assets
presents an enormous challenge to the Department of Homeland Security.
Understanding Critical Infrastructures & Key Resources (CIKR)
Critical infrastructures are interdependent on other infrastructures and if one fails the other will also
(Kamien, 2012). For example, transportation is an infrastructure that has a significant linkage
between resources and facilities. The Department of Homeland Security states "The nation's
transportation system quickly, safely, and securely moves people and goods through the country and
overseas." How is transportation critical? A highway/bridge can provide emergency transportation
access to a hospital. Should the bridge collapse, resources are not being reached to the hospital. The
protection of our critical infrastructures is a shared responsibility of state, local, and federal
governments. However, not all infrastructures are critical.
An example of a

Our Nation 's Critical Infrastructure
In the past sixteen years the United States has seen significant changes to the national policies that
protect the population and its critical infrastructure. Two main agencies that arose from the 911
Attacks were the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the Department of Homeland
Defense (HLD). These two agencies are responsible for protecting countless potential terrorist
targets, millions of citizens, and the thousands of miles of U.S boarders. How can two government
agencies protect so many assets? This paper will explore the two agencies and identify key roles,
responsibilities, resources, and operations. It will highlight the efforts shared between the two
agencies and provide the authors own definition of the DHS. Lastly, this paper will identify our
nation's critical infrastructure and how it intertwines with the DHS and HLD, by discussing the
resources needed to operate successfully. These two agencies may be separate organizations but they
have much more in common than one might think. Let's begin by looking at the primary mission of
each agency. According to classroom text, "The DHS is responsible for preparation of, prevention
of, deterrence of, preemption of, defense against, and response to threats and aggression directed
towards U.S. territory, sovereignty, domestic population, and infrastructure; as well as crisis
management, and consequence management" (Week 1 Lesson). The DHS has a wide array of
responsibilities that incorporates twenty–nine

Emergency Management Operation Of Emergency Department
Emergency management Operation
Emergency management operation deals with executive functions that create the framework for
managing the community disaster response and recovery plans. It requires proactive,
comprehensive, progressive, risk–driven, integrated, collaborative, coordinated, flexible, and
professional approaches (Principles of Emergency Management, 2007, p.4). City emergency
department is responsible for handling all the emergency response in the city. The department has to
put together necessary emergency actions such as mitigation and prevention, preparedness,
response, and recovery that will help to protect lives and properties during disaster emergencies.
This presentation will outline and describes the National Incident ... Show more content on
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For instance, disaster causes serious damages to our critical infrastructures such as roads, bridges,
facilities, even lives and properties ((Suryanto, & Kuncoro, 2012). Plans of action, to deal with
unexpected occurrence of incidents are part of emergency management. These actions are also part
of the National Preparedness goal for the "whole community–individuals, families, communities,
the private and nonprofit sectors, faith–based organizations, and state, local, tribal, territorial, insular
area and Federal governments to prepare for all types of emergencies" (Federal Emergency
Management Agency, n. d). It includes five mission areas of such as preventing, protecting against,
mitigating, responding to, and recover from incidents of national significance (Federal Emergency
Management Agency, n. d). Cities and business shall have an emergency plan or incident
management system that will help in the management of resources during incidents (Federal
Emergency Management Agency, n. d). The National Incident Management System (NIMS)
provides guidelines on how the city and community emergency plans will integrate to the national
plan for effective nationwide response and recovery. But NIMS also, specified that local
jurisdictions will retain command, control, and authority over response activities in their
jurisdictional areas during incident response (U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2008).
The National Incident Management

Exploring Terrorism And Terrorism
Module two highlighted the need for a greater understanding of how to recognize terrorism and
what resources can be utilized to strengthen communities. A strong capability to perform hazard and
threat assessments can go a long way in helping a community take preventive and protective
measure in the fight against terrorism. Fighting terrorism is a combination of several tools and
activities aimed at improving response capabilities and reducing the risks from attacks.
Activities to measure and improve capabilities can come in the form of prevention, protection,
response, recovery and mitigation. Each of these areas is designed to address a specific set of
capabilities, or core capabilities, aimed at creating a better more effective method ... Show more
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When stakeholders use the combined tools and guidance such as the NRF and the CPG 101, better
measures can be taken to improve a community's preparedness level and reduce the risks associated
with a terrorist attack. The NRF and CPG 101 are two parts to a larger arsenal of federal guidance
that is provided by FEMA. One key element to maximizing the effectiveness of plans and planning
tools is the incorporation of an assessment processes. Key assessment processes should include the
following steps to be successful:
1. Identify the list of hazards and threats that may impacts a community.
2. Utilize a scenario to describe the hazards and threats and show how they may impact a
community.
3. Conduct an assessment on each hazard and threat to determine a measurable benchmark to
achieve a basic level of capability. Define the capability target or goal.
4. Determine the resources required to reach the capability target based on current (available)
resources and assets.
These four basic steps are the essential pieces to the Threat and Hazard Identification Risk
Assessment or THIRA. THIRA is a leading step–by–step methodology to help communities
determine where planning gaps exist in the identification and management of hazards. The heart of
THIRA is its simple structure that allows communities to identify desired outcomes, determine
capability targets, and apply resources to help meet those targets. FEMA describes

What Was Learned From This Unanticipated Train Catastrophe?
Introduction. On January 06, 2005, a cargo train carrying a massive amount of chlorine gas spilled
in Graniteville, South Carolina, creating panic and indeed chaos to both citizens and emergency
personnel's. The residents were caught in their sleep when freight train 192 traveling approximately
47 mph struck and leaked a dangerous amount of chlorine gas into the atmosphere. As a result of
this tragedy, 5,400 individuals were evacuated from their homes and nine victims later died of gas
related causes. The magnitude of this disaster was one that would change any town or city forever.
And such sentiments were felt throughout the community of Graniteville. However, the purpose of
this paper is to discuss what was learned from this unanticipated train calamity in Graniteville.
While exploring how the field of emergency management can properly respond to unforeseen
transportation accidents through implementing efficient and effective ways of communication in the
midst of an incident.
Background. The Avondale Mills plant in Graniteville serves as one of the largest employer in the
rural mill town. However, in order for the mill company to conduct business daily, it receives a
substantial amount of chlorine gas via Norfolk Southern Railway freight trains that runs through the
heart of the town to Avondale Mills. Thus, being the busiest rail and perhaps the most important one
for both residents and Avondale plant. Many trains traveled through the town daily conducting
business.

Up-North Fishing Outfitters (UNFO): E-Business Analysis
Introduction
Up–North Fishing Outfitters, UNFO, is the premier source for those who fish in northern Michigan.
UNFO provides equipment, apparel, watercraft, safety gear, and other products to both local and
tourist anglers. There are eight stores located within Michigan around major fishing hubs. After
much research, consideration and feedback from the employees and store customers, UNFO has
determined now is the perfect time to become a more modernized and Internet based entity in e–
commerce. Senior management, through interaction and more extensive research, is committed to
and supportive of this e–business transformation due to the potential for additional revenue streams,
reduction of costs, and improved customer service. We have been ... Show more content on
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Market research, a strong business plan, functional domain name, distribution of products, data
management, return policies, full customer service, and effective IT support are all to be considered
in the transformation from brick–and–mortar to e–commerce.
Unified communications are essential as instant messaging, web chats, phone support, forums, and
VOIP are provided. However, the setup may be time–consuming and costly at the fore–front, yet the
services provided will be more cost saving as the online business grows.
E–business and E–commerce Strategies:
Search engine optimization, or SEO, will provide our website to be more browser– and user–
friendly and will advance the company into higher positions in the search rankings. HTML, or
Hyper–Text Markup Language will allow for a more 'eye–catching' and attention driven search
ability. Instructional videos posted on the beginning page of the website will assist customers in how
to navigate the site along with how to place order, complete the return policy process, speak with
customer service representatives, etc. Also, these videos can be uploaded to websites such as
youtube.com and Facebook (From brick–and–mortar to e–commerce to e–business transformation,

Polar Bear Population Analysis
The current management plans for conservation of polar bears appear to be a concerted effort to
protect the species. However, the effectiveness on a global scale is uncertain as to whether
diminishing habitats will wreak havoc on the polar bear populations in the future. The international
agreements and treaties are important as they recognize common goals and strategies given the
multiple nations involved. Most of these agreements are decades old and do not sufficiently protect
polar bear populations that much. They have been important in creating a framework of hunting and
developing restrictions for many of the nations, but there is no clear mechanism to enforce these
agreements. As stated before, the greatest threat to polar bear populations ... Show more content on
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To be effective, these agreements should include an effective form of enforcement, such as an
organizational enforcement authority made up of members from all five nations that have
jurisdictional authority over polar bear preservation. Perhaps something similar to Interpol, but for
wildlife conservation and works directly with governmental enforcement agencies. Such an
international agency could also be used for other conservation efforts for other endangered or
threatened species.
Other components of new international agreements should also address the chief concern for polar
bears. Perhaps this can be another mechanism to assist in promoting the reduction of emissions and
rallying enhanced scientific research objectives to pursue alternative energies between the five
Arctic nations. However, environmental changes affecting the Arctic are not expected to stop in the
immediate future and are fixed for several decades regardless of reductions in emissions and polar
bears must prepare to deal with habitat loss (Laidre, et al., 2015). The sovereignty issue over
potential resources after the ice melts should also be an integral part of these new international
agreements. There should be discussion over restricted industrial development and shipping routes
that may affect polar bears for the future habitat structure of the Arctic

Homeland Security And Infrastructure (NPPD)
When people think of Homeland Security most people think of Border Protection, Immigration
agents, TSA, and maybe FEMA but there are many more aspects of Homeland Security which often
get overlooked. When the Department of Homeland Security was established in 2002, there were 22
different Federal agencies which were combined and absorbed into this one department. This
consolidation was intended to streamline the exchange of information and cooperative efforts
towards the mission of securing this nation. This vision of cooperation has helped create a safer
environment in the United States, and helped prepare emergency personnel in the detection,
prevention, and response to both natural and man made disasters. As part of the cooperative effort ...
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The unified training for all levels of law enforcement ensures a common focus and standard are
obtained, and that the necessary information is being transmitted to those who need it. As
technology continues to advance, the threat of cyber attacks continue to rise as well. The stability of
a nation's physical and electronic infrastructure is vital to the success of a nation. The efforts of both
of these sections of the Department of Homeland Security are essential to the overall mission of
keeping the nation

The North Face SWOT Analysis
SWOT Analysis: The North Face
The North Face was founded in 1966. In 2000, after facing serious financial and distribution
problems, the company was acquired by VF Corporation. Today, as a subsidiary, the outdoor and
action sports company headquartered in San Leandro, California, has approximately 860 employees
and accounts for
40% of VF's total sales. The North Face offers technically advanced products to extreme athletes
and explorers throughout North and South America, Europe and Asia. The company has specialty
and outlet stores and sells its products to different sporting goods and outdoor retailers. The market
share of the company in the United States is currently 16%.
Internal Strengths
The North Face's brand reputation, especially ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first one, is the increase of community involvement in order to improve the company's
reputation. Furthermore, expanding the brand's offerings to other sports and sponsoring athletes
participating in such disciplines, would raise awareness and give the brand a more professional look.
The third opportunity, involves expanding the brand to the casual apparel industry which could lead
to more sales. The international market is another opportunity,

Review Of The Literature : Failure Of Intelligence
Review of the Literature
Due to failure of intelligence which led to September 11 terrorist attacks in the United States,
President George W. Bush created the Office of Homeland Security in October 2001 and later
converted it to a full cabinet department with a bill signed in November 2002 (Zimmerman, 2011).
Creation of the DHS falls into the overall Federal government goal of reducing loss of life and
property during emergency and her continuous efforts to prevent constant and evolving threats for
terrorism and natural disasters (Kemp, 2012). The stated mission of the department was to protect
US territory from terrorist attacks, respond to increasing threats originating from both nature and
humans (Zimmerman, 2011). For instance, the agency is responsible for prevent terrorism and
enhance security, secure and manage U.S territorial borders, enforce and administer immigration
laws, strengthen national preparedness and resilience, detection of nuclear, chemical, and biological
threats to the homeland; protection of our national leaders through the Secret Service; training of
federal law enforcement officers, etc. (Johnson, 2015).
Also, some components organs of the DHS include the U.S Customs and Border Protection, U.S
Citizenship and Immigration Services, U.S Coast Guard, Federal Emergency Management Agency,
U.S Immigration and Customs Enforcement, U.S Secret Service, Transport Security Administration,
National Protection and Programs Directorate, Science and Technology

The Terrorist Attacks Of 9 / 11
Since the terrorist attacks of 9/11, the United States (US) government has focused on terrorism as
the biggest threat to stability and national security in the homeland. There have been controversial
laws enacted which tested an individual's Constitutional rights versus the security of the country as a
whole, military engagements in foreign countries designed to stop terrorism overseas before
reaching the homeland, and a number of law enforcement and government initiatives implemented
to identify and investigate terrorists before they commit acts of terrorism or pursue material support
activities in support of terrorism. Federal law enforcement agencies have been criticized recently for
failing to predict when homegrown violent extremists ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This integration of FEMA into the DHS was more than just window dressing because this allowed
true integration between other DHS units. Prior to 9/11 and when FEMA was an independent
agency, the traditional Emergency Management system focused on four mission areas; preparedness,
response, recovery, and mitigation (Gerber, 2016). After integrating into DHS, the Emergency
Management system focused on the traditional four mission areas and added protection as the fifth
mission area (Gerber, 2016). In 2003, these five mission areas were incorporated into Homeland
Security Presidential Directive (HSPD) – 8 and provided authority for the development of the
National Preparedness Goal and, for the first time, defined "first responders" and their role in the
early stages of an incident (Office of the Press Secretary, 2003). These are key points in how the
Federal Government took a strong leadership role and provided guidance on how public safety
entities would prepare and respond to threat incidents in a post–9/11 US.
Any government policy or law must evolve and grow with experience, research, practical
application, and understanding. HSPD–8 was no exception and was replaced by then–President
Obama with PPD–8 in 2011, which renewed the fundamental purposes of HSPD–8 and priority
attention was given to preparedness (Palin, 2011). Another key understanding learned from the
previous ten years was the importance of public–private partnerships, and

Government Facilities Sector Plan Paper
To provide awareness and protection from these potential deadly cyber–attacks, the Miami Police
Department will use the Department of Homeland Security's government Facilities Sector plan as an
additional tool in creating a plan of action when developing methods of protection.
1. Create a cyber–taskforce and implementation of an assessment of all security systems and
infrastructure.
2. Identify the assessment team members and schedule a meeting.
3. Become familiar with information about the organization's system and network by reviewing
policies and procedures, network topology diagrams, inventory lists of critical assets and
components, risk assessments, IT and ICS network policies/practices, and organizational roles and
responsibilities.
4. Work with ICS–CERT for onsite or subject matter support.
5. Highlight vulnerabilities in the organization's systems and provides ... Show more content on
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Develop cyber incident response teams and deploy them to assist victims of these cyberattacks.
Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the FBI will lead the asset response in a role
somewhat more analogous to the Federal Emergency Management Agency, or FEMA.
DHS/FBI/Miami PD will liaison with all agency's information management personnel and local
Critical Infrastructure personal and build element assets with local public section relationships and
local private sector relationships through unified command at the City of Miami's Emergency
Operations Center (EOC). These consolidated resources and efforts will work with the following
protocols:
1. The City of Miami will be the facilitator in the use at headquarters' Emergency Operation Center
(EOC). The EOC will be used as a central command and control facility responsible for carrying out
the principles of emergency preparedness and emergency management, and disaster management
functions at a strategic level during this emergency, and ensuring the continuation of operation of
organizational resources under one unified location and

CAFO In Alabama
Alabama is a leader in the United States of America in agriculture. According to Alabama Agri–
culture Statistics supplied by the United States Department of Agriculture, Alabama was ranked 3rd
in broiler production, 2nd in catfish sales and 14th in egg production in 2011. Although the number
of farms has drastically dropped from about 225,000 farms spanning over 22 million acres in 1950
to 50,000 farms spanning 7.5 million acres in 2010, Alabama still remains a leader in the field of
agriculture. Nationally and locally the drastic decrease can be traced to the installa–tion and
expansion of CAFOs. Defined by the EPA, a CAFO is an "agricultural operation where animals are
kept and raised in confined situations (EPA 12)." In order to be qualified ... Show more content on
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This treatment of animal waste is dangerous and could lead to serious consequences. For example,
the organoarsenicals in fertilizer are consumed by poultry, high levels of arsenic are found in the
tissue of animals, and then poultry waste is used as a fertilizer. The incineration causes arsenic to be
released into the air, this is an issue for communities surrounding the area. This constant entrance of
organoarsenicals into the environ–ment causes a risk for soil and groundwater becomes of less
quality. In the United States 61% of farmers sell litter based fertilizers and 23% use their own
animal waste as soil fertilizer (Kiranma–yi). The use of animal waste as fertilizer is a positively
impactful option for the environment when treated with care and managed properly. It is easier to
manage on small farms as the farm–ers can simply move their animals around the acreage spreading
the waste equally. This technique keeps the waste light on one spot allowing it to not overwhelm the
soil. However, it is also crucial to consider the chemicals inside the waste, and currently it is not cost
effective for large scale farmers or CAFOs to use environmentally friendly fertilizers and animal
feed. Farmers also put antibiotics into their animals to speed up growth, these antibiotics contribute
to the waste prob–lem (Tasho). They pass through the animal

9/11 Ics
Outline view
The event that resulted in a change to the ICS
Introduction
We always had a communication issue between agencies, but when 9/11 happened it showed us just
how much we needed to change how these organizations communicate, as well as change certain
policies that would address these issues. Because of the lack of communication, and new
requirement for terrorist attacks which can happen at any time or anywhere, this was a very harsh
lesson to learn, at that pivotal time. The CIA, the FBI, and other agencies did not share all the
chatter, from another terrorist or want to be terrorist. Therefore, this power point will address why
this topic was chosen as an influential event, and the impact this event had on the ICS (Incident
Command ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
13). But the ICS did not have an objective for handling disruption countywide plane crashes or
traffic, and that was when their emergency management officials, quickly knew they had a problem.
The system just could not manage these types of problem because it was never factored in, and
Emergency Operations Center (EOC) then notice other problem with their system which was
geographically separate, but when reviewed they were closely synchronized with, the Pentagon.
Incident Command System (ICS) implementation and impact before and after 9/11 cont'd
After 9/11: Incident Command System (ICS) Characteristics changes that impact notifications
across the board that the ICS Management has brought to the NIMS which are taught by DHS so
that the workers will be effective if any type of attack or incidents occur and they are:
Accountability of Resources and Personnel Deployment
Pre–designated Incident Mobilization Center Locations & Facilities
Reliance on an Incident Action Plan
Modular Organization and Management by Objectives Common Terminology
Comprehensive Resource Management and Integrated

Strategic Planning, Resource Allocation And Grant Funding
Everything in life, at some point carries a certain level of risk based on a decision or choice made to
meet a specific goal. Things taken for granted such as driving from one point to another or shopping
at your local grocery store carry certain risk. The variables that affect the level of risk range from
low to extreme. The issue with risk is there never is an absolute number of mitigating solutions that
will neutralize risk 100% of the time. If something was essentially risk free, there would be no room
for error or consequence. Unfortunately, the reality presented is not allowing for that level of
perfection. Risk is weighed by the level of threats presented versus the consequences from choices
made, level of vulnerability left to exploit from those threats and target acquisition and accessibility.
This sounds complex but by the very definition, risk is the amount of gain obtained while accepting
certain consequences that may pose a problem in success of a decision or choice. Strategic Planning,
Resource allocation and Grant Funding, etc are all building blocks of Risk Management in the
Homeland Security Enterprise. The Department of Homeland Security is a culmination of several
agencies that work separately but have one common goal. The principles that bind the agencies
together in the Homeland Security matriarch is unified in both agenda and response. It is a ladder for
progression in action and leadership as threats and vulnerabilities present themselves that allow

Worldwide Network Security
MARKET ANALYSIS Worldwide Network Security 2012–2016 Forecast and 2011 Vendor Shares
John Grady
IDC OPINION
The worldwide network security market grew by 6.1% in 2011. The total market, which includes
firewall, unified threat management (UTM), intrusion detection and prevention (IDP), and virtual
private network (VPN) solutions, reached $7.4 billion in 2011. UTM revenue saw the strongest
growth at 17.4% and reached $2.2 billion. The IDP market saw more moderate growth at 4.5%,
reaching $1.9 billion. The firewall segment remained the largest component of the market at $2.4
billion but grew only a modest 2.9% over 2010. Revenue from standalone VPN solutions fell 5.3%
to $0.9 billion. IDC expects the firewall and VPN segments to remain ... Show more content on
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15 11 Key Forecast Assumptions for the Worldwide Network Security Market, 2012–2016
.................. 18 12 Worldwide Network Security Revenue, 2006–2016: Comparison of November
2011 and June 2012
Forecasts.................................................................................................................... 26
©2012 IDC
#235631
LIST OF FIGURES
P 1 2 Worldwide Network Security Revenue by Function, 2007–2016..................................................
14 Worldwide Network Security Revenue, 2006–2016: Comparison of November 2011 and June
2012 Forecasts.................................................................................................................... 27
#235631
©2012 IDC
IN THIS STUDY
This IDC study examines the worldwide network security market, including firewall, UTM, IDP,
and VPN solutions, from 2011 to 2016. It provides vendor revenue shares and market sizing for
2011 as well as market growth forecasts for 2012–2016.

Methodology
See the Methodology in the Learn More section for a description of the forecasting and analysis
methodology employed in this study. In addition, please note the following:  The information
contained in this study was derived from the IDC Worldwide Security Appliance Tracker as of
March 30, 2012.  All numbers in this document may not be exact due to rounding.  For more
information on IDC 's definitions and methodology, see IDC 's Worldwide Security Products

Implementing a Network Infrastructure for Orange Creek,...
CAPSTONE FINAL PROJECT CDYV Company.Inc Introduction: Orange Creek, Inc., a Fortune
500 company, has moved into Lexington and is requesting bids for implementing a network
infrastructure for their banking software company. The primary function of the new building is to
provide office space for software development and testing of their homegrown banking software.
Both levels of the building are dedicated to development, test, on
site IT staff, management, and
administration. Body: RFP Request for Proposal PROJECT SCOPE ● Goals and Objectives Goals
Objectives The main objective of the project is to create and present a bid for designing and
implementing a network ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
● 4 PoE switches Price: $14,899.46 Cisco Catalyst 3750X 48
port PoE IP Services Overview ● 48
RIP, SSH, PoE Ports ● Remote Management over CLI RMON 1, RMON 2, RMON 3, RMON 9,
SNMP 1, SNMP 2, SNMP 2c, SNMP 3, Telnet ● Warranty: 90 Days The Cisco Catalyst 3750X
Layer 3 Switch is an enterprise
class stackable switch. This switch provide high availability,
scalability, security, energy efficiency, and ease of operation with innovative features such as Cisco
StackPower, optional network modules, redundant power supplies, and Media Access Control
Security (MACsec) features. The Cisco Catalyst 3750X Layer 3 Switch with StackWise Plus
technology provides scalability, ease of management and investment protection for the evolving
business needs. ● 180 VoIP phones Price: $349.00 Cisco Unified IP Phone 8945, Standard Handset,
Gray Overview Cisco Unified Communications Solutions enable collaboration so that organizations
can quickly adapt to market changes while increasing productivity, improving competitive
advantage through speed and innovation, and delivering a rich
media experience across any
workspace, securely and with optimal quality. The Cisco Unified IP

Department Of Homeland Security Essay
Trepanier p.1 Thesis: The Department of Homeland Security operates with a Code of Conduct for
all Federal Protective Service employees. DHS must maintain the mission of safety and security of
the nation and its citizens, while balancing their civil and privacy rights. Federal property has access
control for the public during normal operating hours and secured access for after hours. Signs are
posted on federal property stating rules and regulations for the public to adhere to; failure to comply
can result in civil and criminal penalties by both the state and the federal government. A single
offense can incur state misdemeanor charges, followed by federal misdemeanor charges. A code of
ethics can define an organization and its reputation. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Protecting civil and privacy rights are critical to establishing a unified environment of trust between
the public and Federal Protective Service employees. "Ethical practices help to provide stability for
organizations in a rapidly changing and increasingly complex world." (Geale, 2012, p.458). Changes
are sent in DHS with management directives, often in response to a new threat. The public questions
why a process has changed with no direct details, and often get frustrated or feel that their rights are
being infringed upon. DHS employees have to remain vigilant with their duties to preserve the
mission and ensure that only those who have clearance on a need to know basis are informed about
management directives. In June 2003, the Department of Justice released the Guidance Regarding
the use of Race by Federal Law Enforcement Agencies to define racial profiling. "The use of race
has been an issue in the law enforcement, aviation security, border policing, intelligence gathering,
and national security matters remains a constant issue in homeland security." (Sutherland, 2005,
p.293). Law enforcement cannot use race as a guideline for conducting investigations, or for
something as routine as a traffic stop. Probable cause must be established or eyewitness descriptions
of a suspect may be used to identify someone involved in a recent

Homeland Security And Homeland Security
After the 9/11 attacks, the growing threat of terrorism has required the United States to return to the
drawing board on homeland security and rethink its relationship with homeland defense. Although
seemingly similar, each entity serves its own mission, its own responsibilities, duties, and operations
in the protection of the United States, its assets, and territories. Homeland security is a joint national
effort to prevent terrorism and provide protection and support in response to threats and national
disasters in the United States. It seeks to reduce American vulnerability and increase recovery and
resiliency of the nation and its people should a terrorist attack occur. Homeland defense is the
protection of the United States and its territories against threats, both, foreign and domestic and
includes providing support to civil authorities during national disasters. Furthermore, we will
examine the role homeland security and homeland defense plays in the protection of our critical
infrastructure and identify areas of vulnerability as well as discuss currents efforts being made to
ensure its security. Homeland security is a unified national effort that involves both civilian and
military government agencies. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) was established in
November of 2002, following the wake of 9/11, when the president signed in to law the Homeland
Security Act of 2002. Its mission is to prevent and deter terrorism, protect and respond to threats and
hazards,

The Environmental Degradation Of Natural Resources
The environmental degradation of natural resources, such as fresh water resources and fish or sea
live stocks have become burning issue of potentially violent conflict between the nations. There are
numerous historical examples that related to this issue. For example, the Ethiopian decision to store
Nile water behind the walls of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam have brought ongoing tension
between the Egypt, the Ethiopia and Sudan.
The second characteristic is the relationship between environment and intercontinental conflicts.
Environmental degradation, climate change, and lack of access to natural resources can lead to the
eruption of violent conflict. Increase in poverty, increased pandemic disease, migration to other
countries ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Because the Mongolian mining sector is considered to be the most harmful donor to environmental
destruction unless it is correctly managed and controlled. Therefore, it has been observed with the
deepest concern that chaotic coal mining and other mining operations strip the top soil without
required environmental remediation. Furthermore, outnumbered and disordered mining activities
that cover nearly the entire country lead to water pollution, dried up of fresh water resources,
encroachment on protected areas, mercury and sodium cyanide poisoning. For example, according
to statistics of the Ministry of Environment, Green Development and Tourism of Mongolia, "More
than 18610 rivers, lakes, and streams were counted in 2007, but it decreased to 12861 in 2011,
which covers one third of the Mongolian fresh water resource dried up within 4 years." In addition,
uncontrolled, disorganized distribution of exploration and mining licenses accelerated
environmental destruction.
Contamination from human waste, livestock, and seasonal flooding have also posed a serious threat
to water resources. Thousands and thousands of illegal miners who poison the water with mercury
and sodium cyanide to explore gold left wide range of territory with unprocessed wastes and
poisoned water resource. Thus, above catastrophic threats pose serious security threat to Mongolia
that

Transforming Nursing and Healthcare Through Technology
Transforming Nursing and Healthcare Through Technology Introduction The unification of
healthcare information systems must be driven first by the continual integration of key process
areas, ensuring responsiveness to each stakeholder and most of all, the patient. Integration between
healthcare systems however can be daunting and aside from the costs of change management, the
most costly aspect of any healthcare information technology initiative (Sadeghi, Benyoucef,
Kuziemsky, 2012). The intent of this analysis is to evaluate the challenges that healthcare
organizations face when sharing data across systems. Second, two specific interoperability
challenges are discussed, and third, two strategies a healthcare organization can use to address
interoperability challenges are discussed. Challenges Healthcare Organizations Face With Systems
Integration The nature of healthcare processes and the systems supporting them is to grow more
separate and siloed over time, as each often have unique roles in a healthcare organization. Breaking
down the process barriers and creating a highly unified, collaborative healthcare information
technologies platform is critical for any healthcare provider to continually deliver excellent service
to patients (Bernstein, McCreless, Côté, 2007). The challenges of integrating healthcare processes
and their supporting systems together include managing often highly diverse data formats and
definitions of database records (Abu–Samaha, 2003); high

Case Study Of Troon Golf
NAME: Saumil Sharma
TOPIC: Troon Golf
DATE: 10/11/2014
Point paper number 3
CRITICAL FACTS:
1) Troon Golf was founded by Dana Garmany in 1990 with North Golf club of Troon as its flagship.
Its headquarter is in Scottsdale, Arizona including offices in Japan, UAE etc. It is the worlds' leading
brand of golf management providing its services in more than 24 countries around the world.
(elsclubmalaysia, 2013)
2) Its 38 facilities are in top 100 ranking by national as well as international golf publications which
provide complete hospitality to each of their guest with their basic mission to provide Troon Golf
Experience to their every guest. (elsclubmalaysia, 2013)
3) In 2007 Troon invested in approximately 70% of their new golf courses and then eventually in the
mid of 2008 they shut down their 25 properties. (Crittenden, 2011)
4) Having 197 golf courses worldwide and running down in their IT expenditure, Cary Westmark
(vice president in technology) introduced the concept of Total Cost of Ownership in the company.
(Saunders, 2013)
5) With the help of this Troon managed to get a better understanding of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
(Fortinet, 2008)
Troon also invested in multifunctional security platform instead of investing on single point
solutions which helped them to cater their facilities on that (security) platform. With the passage of
time they realized a substantial savings in cost juxtaposing the increment in their security. (Hills,
2008)
Total Cost of Ownership actually helps managers to understand the breakdown costs of IT
infrastructure. I think that overall,l it depends upon how you implement the tool of total cost of
ownership to get the exact or the nearest advantage of reducing the overall costs because sometimes
labor costs associated with IT outweigh the actual investment made. (Saunders,

Firewall And The Security Levels
The modern world is being automated in all fields in various aspects. Automation is achieved by the
software development and this result in a faster work accomplishment and also in an easy, efficient
way. Meanwhile, this progress has also got proportionate threat of misusing the software. As the
internet has extended its roots providing access to various networks and also may provide access to
inappropriate users. So, it is necessary to protect these networks and this purpose is served by
network security. The security levels can be classified into two they are low level security and high
level security. Network security includes many components and firewall is one such component that
protects a network from various threats. Everything in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For every firewall there are certain policies or a set of rules which describe the functionality of that
firewall. Firewall follows these policies and makes decision, whether to allow or decline a packet to
penetrate through the firewall. So, it is necessary to have a firewall which is subjected to follow a
good set of rules or policies.
Packet Filtering:
Packet filtering is the basic purpose of the firewalls in the network. The key theme of the packet
Filtering is that firewall shacks either in the host or in router and monitors the traffic and flow of the
data. The monitoring of traffic in the network is performed with respect to the policies of the
network security (Vadim Zaliva,2008).
Firewall Simulation:
Reproducing the behavior of the firewall is essential, especially in the field of testing of security and
the audit for the security. To reproduce a firewall physically, one has to carry out the pattern of the
security policies which are brought forth by the existing firewall and should be placed in the
circumstance of the environment provided by the network. Not only this, simulation of the firewall
also needs the construction of the organized model for the firewall and helping it with the files that
consists of the terms and policies (Wool.A,2001).
Policy Optimization is considered to be the most important field of research. Though the soul rules
of tend to be very simple but they need to be correspond with the large chunks of packets

Assessment and Analysis of Balanced Scorecards
Assessment and Analysis of Balanced Scorecards
Introduction
The greater the competitive intensity of a given industry the more essential the four foundational
elements of balanced scorecards become in translating expertise and knowledge into profitable
performance. The BSC framework unifies and galvanizes the vision, mission and values of an
enterprise into a framework that encompasses learning and growth, internal business processes,
customer–driven innovation and financial factors of the business (Kaplan, Norton, 2001). Case
analyses of the Tri–Cities Community Bank: A Balanced Scorecard Case (Albright, Davis, Hibbets,
2001) and Walmart Corporation illustrate how causal chain analysis is an essential component of a
complete BSC strategy. The value of causal chain analysis is particularly valid for Walmart
Corporation, whose business model is predicated on the continual operation of a smoothly–
functioning supply chain that needs to continually translate learning into process improvement for
improving the customer experience and profits (Park, Min, Park, 2011). Walmart illustrates how
difficult it is to simultaneously balance the four perspectives in the balanced scorecard. Part One of
this analysis illustrates through previous case analyses and research completed in this course. Part
Two of this analysis defines and discusses two concepts that are essential to be successful in
business administration. Part Three is s reflective essay on experiences taking this course in

Network Management Model Essay
Abstract: Telecommunication networks are becoming more and more complex, as a result
telecommunication operators are facing big operational problems to monitor or manage the
performance of the system. Telecommunication Management Network (TMN) is the framework
developed by International Telecommunication Union – Telecommunication Standardization Sector
(ITU–T) for managing telecommunications networks and services. Performance Management (PM)
is one of the five core management functionalities identified by ITU–T. A Network Management
System (NMS) falls under the Network Management Layer of the TMN. This paper provides the
foundation for understanding PM principles and PM operation workflow by analyzing architecture
for a PM System in NMS and to understand the challenges in the implementation of PM System ...
The Business Management Layer (BML) is responsible for the implementation of policies and
strategies within the organization that owns and operates the services and possibly the network
itself. The Service Management Layer (SML) is responsible for the customer contractual aspects
that include service complaint handling, order handling and invoicing, of services that are being
provided to customers or available to potential new customers. The Network Management Layer
(NML) takes care of coordination of activities of a network which involves managing relationships
and dependencies between network elements that are required to maintain end–to–end connectivity
of the network. The Element Management Layer (EML) is responsible for functions related to either
a single or a small number of network elements located in a small geographical area. The Network
Element Layer (NEL) represents telecommunication equipment (or groups/parts of telecom.
equipment) and supports equipment or any item or groups of items considered belonging to the
telecommunications environment that performs Network Element

Sophos Endpoint Protection
Introduction
In the age of technology, it is important now more than ever to have the appropriate solutions to
protect companies from malicious threats and data loss. Endpoint protection is a solution devised to
incorporate antivirus, firewall, application control, and detection/prevention capabilities. Having an
endpoint protection platform will ensure that a company receives full–spectrum security without the
complexity of multiple applications and vendors.
Selection and Analysis
The recommended product is the Sophos Enduser Protection: Web, Mail, and Encryption. This is
one of Sophos's Enduser Protection Bundles, which includes Endpoint Protection Advanced, Mobile
Control Standard, Web Protection Advanced, Email Protection Advanced, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
(Ameri) Protection is expertly covered by the Endpoint Protection Advanced and the Web Protection
Advanced features of the bundle. Any type of malicious traffic or applications will have an
extremely difficult time getting through Sophos barriers. With this bundle, detection is quick and
quarantine is immediate. Any threats will be blocked and an overview of the activity will be
available to view from the centralized console. Sophos allows reaction and documentation to be a
breeze. With the centralized management console, it will be simple to see what is going on and
review documentation through the reporting feature. The prevention pillar is where Sophos excels.
Everything in the Enduser Protection bundle – Endpoint Protection Advanced, Mobile Control
Standard, Web Protection Advanced, Email Protection Advanced, and SafeGuard Disk Encryption
Advanced – is geared towards preventing any sort of malicious infection or breach. Sophos puts the
client in complete control of their endpoints and enables the company to take a proactive approach
to information security, rather than a strictly reactive

Education in Emergency: Role of the Readiness and...
Section1: Introduction Local Educational Agencies (LEAs) may apply to the Readiness and
Emergency Management for Schools (REMS) discretionary grant program for funding to help
strengthen the emergency management plans of their institutions. School districts that are awarded
grant monies may address the four phases of emergency management recognized by best practice
standards. These phases include Prevention–Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, and Recovery.
As the state of California deals with depleted fiscal resources impacting a broad swath of public
institutions that includes educational systems at all levels, Los Angeles Unified School District
continues to pursue funding to provide a emergency management plan that is responsive to the
intensifying community needs. In 2007, the Los Angeles School District was the recipient of
$500,000 in 2003, $485,870 in 2007 and $710,053 in 2010 through the REMS discretionary grant
program. With this successful history of REMS grants awards, the district is cognizant of the
importance of clear demonstrations of progress in the development of its readiness and emergency
management programs. To whit, two components of their ongoing development efforts are of
particular interest: Collaboration with the U.S. Geological Society and articulation of the plans for
students with disabilities. Los Angeles Unified School District has demonstrated strong
collaborations with community partners in law enforcement, local government, public

Strategic Management Process
Definition: strategic management is the set of managerial decisions and actions that determines the
long–run performance of an organization. It involves all the four functions of management. Strategic
plans provide a common vision for the whole organization. The strategic management process is a
series of steps that formulates the strategic planning, implementation and evaluation.
Step 1: The first step is identifying organization's current mission, objectives and strategies. Every
organization needs a mission. Defining the organization's mission forces managers to carefully
identify the scope of its products and services. It is also important for managers to identify the goals
currently in place and the strategies currently being ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An understanding of the organization's culture is a crucial part of Step 3 that's often overlooked.
Managers should be aware that strong and weak cultures have different effects on strategy and that
the content of a culture has a major effect on strategies pursued. The combined external and internal
analyses are called the SWOT analysis because it's an analysis of the organization's strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Based on the SWOT analysis, managers can identify a
strategic niche that the organization might exploit.
Step4: the forth step is formulating Strategies. Once the SWOT analysis is complete, managers need
to develop and evaluate strategic alternatives, then select strategies that capitalize on the
organization's strengths and exploit environmental opportunities or that correct the organization's
weaknesses and buffer against threats. Strategies need to be established for the corporate, business,
and functional levels of the organization. This step is complete when managers have developed a set
of strategies that give the organization a relative advantage over its rivals.
Step5: the fifth step is implementing strategies. To be successful, strategies must be implemented
carefully. People with the right skills may be needed to make some of the strategies to work. Re–
organizing the existing

Too Far Ahead of the IT Curve Essay
Executive Summary Peachtree is a successful and well–established healthcare organization with
several institutions including hospitals, medical schools and clinics. With their broad market they
have reached, they need to work on their IT system as the current system consumed so much
maintenance time. They have several different incompatible IT systems in their organization
amongst the institutions. Therefore Peachtree is looking or a reliable IT system to achieve their
objective which is delivering efficient and effective healthcare services for their stakeholders.
Peachtree has considered several criteria for the new IT system such as flexibility within their
network to accommodate all the requirements in different institutions. As the ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Strength Peachtree is a well know company in the healthcare industry since it has been in this
industry for 12 years and it is a stable company. Peachtree has achieved a significant company
growth in healthcare industry through numerous mergers and acquisition, leading to increasing
market share in the healthcare industry. Senior management team in Peachtree is business strategy
focus. Staffs buy–in they have embraced the new technology. Senior management team in Peachtree
is very supportive for the change of the new system. Weakness Each facility at Peachtree uses its
own IT system; therefore there is no standardization for the IT system. IT personnel consumed a lot
of time fixing the system, which have cause future technical innovation become luxury or
afterthought. Current IS of the Peachtree does not support present needs and would not be suitable
with the future goals. Opportunities Implementing the new system, Peachtree will increase the
competitive advantage because it will function more effectively, efficiently and economically.
Peachtree will be able to improve quality of patient care by having the new system and thus
increasing the market share in the healthcare industry. Threats Loss of competitive advantage
Patients will leave the hospital and turn to other hospital with high quality patient care. Criteria
Flexibility The new system needs to allow the

Changes to Department of Homeland Security Since 9/11
Since its inception the DHS has gone through a shift in terms of overall concepts and missions.
Something had to be done to ensure the safety of American people and protecting the U.S. homeland
against future terrorist attacks. The U.S. Department of Homeland Security was enacted shortly after
the September 11th 2001 attacks and the creation of DHS was one of the most significant changes
made by the U.S. government with a clear mission of protecting our homeland. The Department of
Homeland Security has merged twenty–two separate agencies into one unified and integrated
department. Funding has nearly reached 9 billion dollars towards the security enhancements of
homeland security such as the national borders and transportation systems (Spindlove and Simeson,
2009). Some noticeable department components that make up DHS are the developments of the
Transportation Security Administration (TSA), United States Customs and Border Protections
(CBP), Unites States Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). Additionally, further expanding
core mission of homeland security were the effects of hurricane Katrina and its response toward
disasters. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) was enacted in order to prepare the
nation for hazardous events, manage federal response and recovery efforts following a national
incident. As events have unfolded, homeland security strategies and missions have adapted
safeguards and protective measure to ensure a homeland that is safe from

Domestic Preparedness Cycle Essay
The Homeland Security Bill directly impacts the domestic preparedness cycle because emergency
management became a primary duty of the Department of Homeland Security (Cordner, 2016). In
addition, the newly formed federal agency created a six point agenda that identified specific goals,
which directly contribute to domestic preparedness cycle (Cordner, 2016). Let us examine these
goals and identify how they relate to the domestic preparedness cycle starting with prevention.
Some of the initial six goals created by the Department of Homeland Security directly contribute to
the prevention phase of domestic preparedness cycle. The goals of increasing overall preparedness
for catastrophic events, strengthening border security and border enforcement and reforming
immigration processes, and enhancing information sharing with our partners exhibit a direct ...
The goal of creating better transportation security systems to move people and cargo more securely
and efficiently attribute to the protection phase of the domestic preparedness cycle. The ability to
move cargo safely and efficiently through our national ports makes them an economically critical
infrastructure, which coincides with the Department of Homeland Security's initial goals and the
domestic preparedness cycle (Cordner, 2016). The response phase of the domestic preparedness
cycle parallels the goals of information–sharing and increasing overall preparedness, which lead to
the creation of the National Incident Management System. The National Incident Management
System established a common set of terms and procedures used during multiagency coordination,
unified command, and the identification of equipment, resources, and common protocols for
processing events and disseminating information regarding an incident (Cordner, 2016, p. 433). The
standardization of communication and procedures display how the Department of Homeland
Security goals and the

Essay On The Importance Of Homeland Security
Importance of Homeland Security
Using risk management to expand the capacity in achieving the objectives of the Department of
Homeland Security is critical to ensure the safety of the United States. In order to strengthen said
objectives to fulfill its mission, the Department of Homeland Security created a Risk Management
Fundamentals that provides a disciplined approach in the distribution and use of risk information
across the entire department. Needless to say, the Department of Homeland Security plays a
demanding aspect in leading the consolidated efforts through the management of the complex set of
risks that face the United States on a day–to–day basis (Enterprise Risk Management Initiative,
2011).
With competing interests, incentives, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"The committee...concludes that Risk = A Function of Threat, Vulnerability, and Consequences
(Risk = f(T,V,C)) is a philosophically suitable framework for breaking risk into its component
elements," (The National Academic Press, 2016). The article goes on to explain that the equation
provided is best suited for natural and man–made hazards, and it isn't considered a new method.
However, in terms of making the equation fit threats that are under other categories, we learn that
the risk assessment has been under construction for many years. "Risk = T ×V ×C is not an adequate
calculation tool for estimating risk in the terrorism domain, for which independence of threats,
vulnerabilities, and consequences does not typically hold and feedbacks exist," (The National
Academic Press, 2016). The Department of Homeland Security has shown in reviews that it is
feasible to make an estimate on the provisional anticipation distributions for the T, V, and C in the
equation. In other words, there is a probable way to determine what these areas will be in order to
formulate the risk that may be at hand. When one influence moves it will ultimately affect another
influence, so it also cannot be defined so

The Power Of Terrorism: Weapons Of Mass Destruction
After the terrorist attacks on September 11th, 2001, and the increasing threat of an oncoming attack
using a weapons of mass destruction (WMD) device placed a lot of fear in the public of NATO
allied countries. Much of the world realized terrorism had advanced in their abilities and willingness
to cause great harm and panic, and it was a matter of time before terrorism turned to more advanced
weapons, and possibly soon WMD devices will be used in an attack on an allied nation. After this
realization, NATO received much political pressure from its allied countries to establish a plan to
combat terrorism, with special focus in combatting weapons of mass destruction.
During the Prague Summit in 2002, NATO agreed to a transformation of the NATO

Homeland Security Bill
The homeland security bill meets the prevention portion of the preparedness cycle by mitigation,
which provides the necessary capabilities to reduce loss of life and property by lessening the impact
of disasters (Cordner, 2016) mainly through collaboration, in addition to information sharing, threat
recognition, target hardening or risk management, and intervention (Pelfrey, 2012). This applies to
terrorism and transnational crime (intentional acts by people), with hopes to prevent a number of
those acts from occurring; and preventing or reducing harm from natural disasters (hurricanes,
tornados, and earthquakes) by introducing preventive measures, such as people taking the proper
precautions and upgrading buildings. Another target for prevention ... Show more content on
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Police departments need to develop contingency plans and backup systems to ensure that they can
continue to operate and protect the community during the post–disaster recovery period.
Furthermore, the police role in terrorism and disasters recovery is secondary; Federal Emergency
Management Agency, the Red Cross, other charitable organizations, insurance companies, private
businesses, state and local governments, and individuals have a primary responsibility for
community and economic recovery. Moreover, Police were required to support the all–hazards
homeland security mission with additional and enhanced equipment and training. Also, as a guide to
homeland security, the police adopted a dual process, which they should have everyday uses and
emergency uses; and regional cooperation should guide purchasing of the most expensive and
specialized equipment. Department of Homeland Security raised new training requirements;
established a Target Capabilities list that identifies what emergency responders and other will need
to do in various types of disasters; and funded the development and delivery of homeland security
related training for police and others, in addition to setting up a training portal. Continual training
needs are planning for terrorism,

National Incident Management System
Maritime Transport Industrial Sector include huge areas such as Ship Owners and Operators, Ship
Agencies, Ship Broking / Chartering Services, Port Operations, Ship Bunkering, Marine Surveying
Services, Ship building and Repair etch. These vase areas make the Maritime Transport Sector prone
to accidents and lots of risks. For instance, there are lots of environmental impacts such as water
pollution and contamination that can results in hazardous waste being discharge in the maritime
ports which increases risk of illness, such as respiratory disease or cancer, causes significant damage
water quality, and consequently affects marine life and ecosystems and human health. Some
common marine incidents include offshore oil rig mishaps, cruise vessel ... Show more content on
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The National Incident Management System provide a systematic guidelines for "departments and
agencies at all levels of government, nongovernmental organizations, and the private sector to work
seamlessly to prevent, protect against, respond to, recover from, and mitigate the effects of
incidents, regardless of cause, size, location, or complexity, in order to reduce the loss of life and
property and harm to the environment while NRP is an all–hazard framework that builds upon
NIMS and describes additional specific Federal roles and structures for incidents in which Federal
resources are involved " (U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2008). Also, according to U.S.
Department of Homeland Security (2013), National response protocols are structured to provide
tiered levels of support when additional resources or capabilities are needed. Despite the facts that
most incidents are managed locally, some of them will require a unified response from the State,
Federal government, the private sector, and NGOs. NIMS Incident Command System (ICS) ensures
that interoperability across multi–jurisdictional or multi–agency incident management activities are
unified to enhance clear understanding of the roles and responsibilities of all

The Disaster Of Emergency Management
Introduction. On 06 January 2005, a cargo train carrying a massive amount of chlorine spilled in
Graniteville, South Carolina creating panic and indeed chaos to both citizens and emergency
managers on how to properly respond to the hazardous materials released from the train wreckage.
The people of the small rural town of Graniteville located just outside of Aiken, South Carolina,
where caught in their sleep when Freight train 192 traveling approximately 47 mph struck other
consignments spilling a dangerous amount of chlorine gas into the atmosphere. As a result of this
disaster, 5,400 individuals were evacuated from their homes whiling causing nine deaths. The
magnitude of such disaster was one that would change any town or city forever. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus, being the busiest rail and perhaps the most important for both the residents of Graniteville and
Avondale plant, many trains traveled through the town daily conducting business. Nonetheless, for
successful deliveries, a switch connecting the spur to the mainline railway had to be manually turned
towards the proper route. Failure to do so called for an eventual accident. Consequently, the train
crash happened as a result of someone forgetting to flip the switch disconnecting the spur from the
main line. Causing Freight Train 192 to divert from its route. Incident Chronology. At approximately
2:39 AM Freight Train 192 traveling at a speed of 47 mph crashed into parked train P22 causing a
dangerous amount of chlorine gas to be released into the atmosphere. Fortunately, the engineers on
site at the time of the accidents were not harmed from the crash. Nonetheless, the magnitude of the
crash alerted local residents who immediately called 911 approximately one minute after the crash.
Some of the 911 calls received by the Aiken police department recorded a concerned resident saying
"bleach gas smell and smoke on the ground" (Dunning & Oswalt, 2005, p. 130). Upon receiving
several calls, the town's emergency departments were on route minutes after being

The National Science Foundation ( Nsf )
The National Science Foundation (NSF) leads a $280 million initiative enabling researchers to
recreate the most destructive natural forces on Earth by shaking and rocking full–sized structures.
[1] In one experiment, Professor Tara Hutchinson tests steel beam resilience on the apparatus, on
San Diego's outer limits. The earthquake machine utilizes strain gauges and accelerometers
numbering in the hundreds to record the many forces that artificially induced seismic activity places
on the structure.
New building codes and retrofitting practices have emerged due to the successes achieved at the
NSF research site. As a result, $65 million will go toward similar research equipment facilities over
the next five years.
As for Hutchinson's experiment, she discovered structural weaknesses during pretest trials that
exerted little force on the test subject. The implication was that small earthquakes might weaken
buildings before large events occur without leaving external clues.
Learning From the Past
Researchers, such as Professor Hutchinson, establish new safety standards and construction
practices using empirical evidence. [2] Early natural hazard mitigation projects included massive,
expensive and untested hazard deterrents, such as levees and floodgates. After a natural disaster in
the 1960's, engineers discovered that the structures damaged the natural, protective landscape and
offered insufficient hazard protection. Resultantly, engineers develop mitigation plans

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