The document explains direct and indirect speech, highlighting how direct speech reports the exact words of a speaker while indirect speech modifies those words. It outlines the rules for changing pronouns and tenses during the conversion from direct to indirect speech. Examples are provided to illustrate these concepts and changes.

1. FOR learning purpose.

2. DIRECT SPEECH:
When we report the exact words of the speaker without making
any changes, this type of communication is known as direct speech.
FOR EXAMPLE:
He said, “ I am going”.
Here the exact words of the speaker are reported without any change.
WHAT IS DIRECT NARRATION?

3. REPORTING SPEECH:
Reporting speech contain the words of the speaker, the person who
is reporting the message.
REPORTED SPEECH:
Reported speech contain the words of the speaker, whose message
is reported.
FOR EXAMPLE:
HE SAID, “ IWILL CALLYOU”.
REPORTING SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
PARTS OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT
SPEECH

4. INDIRECT SPEECH:
When we do not report the exact words of speaker and make
changes in them, this type of communication is known as indirect speech.
FOR EXAMPLE:
He said that he was going.
Here we have maked changes in the real words of the speaker,
I am going to he was going.
WHAT IS INDIRECT NARRATION?

5. RULES AND STEPS FOR CHANGE IN
SPEECH
Here are the steps you will take to
make changes in the tenses.They play
important role to change direct into
indirect speech.

6. GENERAL CHANGES
These are the changes which we use on
daily basis.

7. All first person pronoun ( I, Me, My, Mine, Myself) (We, Our, Us, Ours,
Ourselves) are
changed according to the subject reporting speech.
FOR EXAMPLE:
She said, “ i sold my car myself.
changes into
She said that she sold her car herself.
CHANGE IN PRONOUN

8. 2nd
PERSON PRONOUN
Changes in the 2nd
person pronoun are
listed.

9.  All 3rd
person pronoun will remain unchanged
FOR EXAMPLE:
He said, “ she is busy with her toy”.
changes into
He said that she was busy with her toy.
3rd
PERSON PRONOUN

10. CHANGES IN SENTENCES

16. THANKSTO ALL MY
CLASSMATES FOR ATTENDING
MY LECTURE.
M.QASIM ALI