The document outlines the concepts of direct and indirect speech, detailing key elements such as tense, pronouns, and the processes for converting direct speech to indirect speech. It provides examples and rules for transformation, emphasizing the removal of quotation marks and the correct change of personal pronouns and tenses. Additionally, it includes activities aimed at applying these principles through practical exercises.

1. Subject: English Language, (Grammar)
Class:
Topic: Direct And Indirect Speech

2. SYNCHRONISED LEARNING
1. COLLECTION OF INFORMATION, MAIN IDEAS
2. KEY WORDS AND SUB KEY WORDS
3. MIND MAP
4. SIX HATS THINKING
5. APPLICATION OF THINKING TOOLS
6. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
7. SUMMARY
8. ACTIVITY

3. Direct and Indirect Speech
Main Ideas
 Direct Speech
 Indirect Speech (Reporting Speech)
 Tense
 Pronoun
 Adverb
 Conversion of sentences from Direct Speech to Indirect
Speech

4. What facts to be known
Keywords
 Direct speech
 Indirect speech
 Tense
 Auxiliary verb
 Pronoun
 Words of Nearness(Adverbs)
Sub keywords
 Actual words, Quatation Mark
 No Quatation Mark
 Action(verb), Present to Past,
Future (past)
 Helping, (be, Have, do forms
model verbs)
 Place of a noun.
 Expressing a relation of place,
time, circumstance, manner,
cause, degree

5. Direct and indirect narration

6. The words of a speaker or his or her speech can be
reported in two different ways.
Direct speech
 When the actual words of the speaker
are quoted "within quotation marks', we
have the Direct Speech or Direct
Narration.
Example:
 Peter said, "I am going home."
 She said, "We missed the train."
Indirect speech
 When the substance of what one said is
without quoting the exact words we have
the Indirect or Reported Speech or Indirect
Narration.
Example:
. Peter said that he was going home.
 She said that they had missed the train.

7. Rules for changing Direct speech to indirect speech.
Transform the speech from Direct to indirect speech
without change of meaning.
❖The comma and inverted commas are removed.
❖In assertive sentence and Exclamatory sentence the
conjunction ‘that' is introduced after the reporting
portion.
❖Personal pronouns and words of nearness change a
they require.

8. Tense changes when the Reporting verb in past
Tense should be converted into past
according to the respective tense.
Words of nearness should be changed as
follows.
Now-Then, These-Those, Here- There, Yesterday-
The day before

9. Questions and answers

13. ❖Auxiliary verbs:
When the Reporting verb in the Past Tense,the present forms of Auxiliaries in
the Direct Speech- be ( am, is, are), have, do, can, may, shall, will –
change in their Past Forms be(was, were), had, did, could, might, should, would.
Auxiliaries must, ought have the Same form in the past tense.
Example:
Direct : He said, “I may come”
Indirect: He said that he might come.
Direct: I said, “ I don’t know what he has in the box.”
Indirect: I said that I didn’t know what he had in the box.

14. When the reporting verb is in present or future tense, the
tense of the Direct Speech don’t change in the Indirect
Speech.
Example:
Direct: The boy says, “ I am happy now.”
Indirect: The boy says that he is happy then.

15. Activity
 Write in a reporting speech of the interesting conversation that you have
listened recently.
 A very helpful advice you receive from your mother or father. ( Write as
Indirect speech)

16. Thank you