1. Modal Auxiliaries Present by : Hakimah Salem Instructor: Dr.Shadia Banjar Grammar Eng142

2. IN GRAMMAR, AUXILIARIES IS DIVIDED INTO Modals primary be, have and do

3. Not have to had to might should can must MODALS ARE could would may Need not will shall Be able to + verb Had better ought to Have to

4. Form

5. Usage

6. EXAMPLE I You(singular) He We You(plural) They canplay football. modal auxiliary main verb NoteThe modal auxiliary are always followed by the base form

7. Modal Auxiliaries: which divides these verbs into their various meanings of necessity, advice, ability, expectation, permission, possibility, etc .

8. MODALS can

9. could

10. may might

11. must must not/may not

12. Need not ought to

13. shall instead of will in the 1st person should

14. will

15. would * Note: no past forms - future forms

16. had to

17. Have to Not have to

18. Be able to + verb We often use to be able to or to be allowed to instead of "can". We can only form the Past of "can" (could). To put "can" into other tenses we need the phrases to be able to or to be allowed to. Affirmative sentences

19. Other possible tenses:e.g. Present Perfect: I have been able to play football. Had better

20. REFERENCES: Interactions2 Grammar book www.englisch-hilfen.de www.learnenglish.de www.grammar.ccc.commnet.edu