This document discusses the canons of library classification, which are principles for developing effective classification systems. It describes several groups of canons, including canons of array of classes, chain of classes, filiatory sequence, terminology, and notation. Some key canons mentioned are differentiation, concomitance, relevance, exhaustiveness, exclusiveness, and relativity. The document provides examples to illustrate how each canon applies to organizing a classification system.
The document discusses the International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD), which is a set of rules produced by IFLA to create standardized bibliographic descriptions. It provides a brief history of ISBD, noting it was developed in the 1960s-1970s in response to a need for standardized cataloging. The key elements and areas of description in ISBD for monographs and serials are outlined. Characteristics of ISBD include its comprehensiveness, fixed order of data elements, and use of punctuation to delimit elements. The document serves as an introduction to ISBD.
Classification involves grouping similar entities together and separating dissimilar entities in a systematic order. Library classification arranges documents by classifying their subjects. It is a translation of the subjects into a preferred artificial language of ordinal numbers for arrangement on shelves or description.
There are various principles, schemes, structures, and devices used in library classification. Some key aspects include facets, isolates, decimals, and mnemonics to aid memory. Works are done at the idea, verbal, and notational planes which can be carried out independently. Various canons also provide guidelines for characteristics, succession, arrays, language use, and notations to build an effective classification system.
Chain indexing is a method of subject indexing developed by Dr. S. R. Ranganathan. It involves classifying documents using a preferred classification scheme and representing the class number as a chain of links moving from general to specific subjects. Specific subject headings and related references are then derived from analyzing the chain of links. The headings and references are alphabetically arranged to complete the chain indexing process.
The document discusses the Sears List of Subject Headings (SLSH), a controlled vocabulary used for subject cataloging in small to medium sized libraries. It provides an overview of the history and purpose of SLSH, describes some of its key features like new subject headings added in the 21st edition, and outlines its underlying principles of direct, specific, and consistent subject entries based on common usage. The structure of SLSH is also briefly explained as an alphabetical list of subject terms for the entire range of knowledge.
The document discusses library consortia, which are cooperative arrangements that allow groups like academic institutions to share resources. It provides background on what consortia are, outlines their key features and benefits. These include reducing costs, expanding access to publications, and addressing issues like rising journal prices and shrinking budgets. Various Indian library consortia initiatives are also described, such as UGC-INFONET, INDEST, and CSIR-DST. Different types of consortia models are covered.
Comparative study of major classification schemesNadeem Nazir
This document presents a comparative study of major library classification schemes. It provides an overview of Dewey Decimal Classification and Library of Congress Classification, the two most commonly used schemes. It discusses how Dewey Decimal Classification was developed by Melville Dewey and has 10 main classes and 7 tables for organizing knowledge. It also outlines how Library of Congress Classification was developed and has 21 main classes, with individual subject specialists developing each schedule. The document compares the merits and weaknesses of both systems and how different libraries choose a classification scheme based on their collection size, subjects, and users.
This document discusses the canons of library classification, which are principles for developing effective classification systems. It describes several groups of canons, including canons of array of classes, chain of classes, filiatory sequence, terminology, and notation. Some key canons mentioned are differentiation, concomitance, relevance, exhaustiveness, exclusiveness, and relativity. The document provides examples to illustrate how each canon applies to organizing a classification system.
The document discusses the International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD), which is a set of rules produced by IFLA to create standardized bibliographic descriptions. It provides a brief history of ISBD, noting it was developed in the 1960s-1970s in response to a need for standardized cataloging. The key elements and areas of description in ISBD for monographs and serials are outlined. Characteristics of ISBD include its comprehensiveness, fixed order of data elements, and use of punctuation to delimit elements. The document serves as an introduction to ISBD.
Classification involves grouping similar entities together and separating dissimilar entities in a systematic order. Library classification arranges documents by classifying their subjects. It is a translation of the subjects into a preferred artificial language of ordinal numbers for arrangement on shelves or description.
There are various principles, schemes, structures, and devices used in library classification. Some key aspects include facets, isolates, decimals, and mnemonics to aid memory. Works are done at the idea, verbal, and notational planes which can be carried out independently. Various canons also provide guidelines for characteristics, succession, arrays, language use, and notations to build an effective classification system.
Chain indexing is a method of subject indexing developed by Dr. S. R. Ranganathan. It involves classifying documents using a preferred classification scheme and representing the class number as a chain of links moving from general to specific subjects. Specific subject headings and related references are then derived from analyzing the chain of links. The headings and references are alphabetically arranged to complete the chain indexing process.
The document discusses the Sears List of Subject Headings (SLSH), a controlled vocabulary used for subject cataloging in small to medium sized libraries. It provides an overview of the history and purpose of SLSH, describes some of its key features like new subject headings added in the 21st edition, and outlines its underlying principles of direct, specific, and consistent subject entries based on common usage. The structure of SLSH is also briefly explained as an alphabetical list of subject terms for the entire range of knowledge.
The document discusses library consortia, which are cooperative arrangements that allow groups like academic institutions to share resources. It provides background on what consortia are, outlines their key features and benefits. These include reducing costs, expanding access to publications, and addressing issues like rising journal prices and shrinking budgets. Various Indian library consortia initiatives are also described, such as UGC-INFONET, INDEST, and CSIR-DST. Different types of consortia models are covered.
Comparative study of major classification schemesNadeem Nazir
This document presents a comparative study of major library classification schemes. It provides an overview of Dewey Decimal Classification and Library of Congress Classification, the two most commonly used schemes. It discusses how Dewey Decimal Classification was developed by Melville Dewey and has 10 main classes and 7 tables for organizing knowledge. It also outlines how Library of Congress Classification was developed and has 21 main classes, with individual subject specialists developing each schedule. The document compares the merits and weaknesses of both systems and how different libraries choose a classification scheme based on their collection size, subjects, and users.
RDA (Resource Description and Access) is a new standard for describing library resources, designed to replace AACR2. Library staff, including public services, systems personnel, and catalogers, may have heard mention of RDA but not know much about it or how it will change their daily work. You may have many questions. What is RDA? We'll give a very little bit of history and theoretical background. What is this going to mean for catalogers, ILS managers, and users in the near term? What are the future implications, or, why are we doing this? What are the juicy bits of controversy in cataloger-land? And finally, Do we HAVE to? We'll talk for a while, have some activities that get you thinking, and find out your thoughts on RDA.
Presented at "Captains & Crew Collaborating," the 8th annual paraprofessional conference at J.Y. Joyner Library, East Carolina University.
Postulate Approach to Library Classification
Normative Principles
Three Planes of Work
Modes of Formation of Subjects
Systems Approach to the Study of Subjects
Depth Classification
Classification in Electronic Environment
Classificatory basis for metadata
Knowledge Organization
This document discusses hazards to library materials and their preservation. It begins by introducing the importance of libraries in preserving knowledge and the responsibility of proper preservation and dissemination of library materials. It then outlines key factors that can deteriorate materials, including environmental factors like light, heat, humidity, dust; biological factors such as microorganisms, insects, rodents; chemical factors; and human factors or disasters. Specific examples of how each of these can damage materials are provided.
Post coordinate indexing .. Library and information scienceharshaec
This document discusses post-coordinate indexing and uniterm indexing. Post-coordinate indexing allows searchers to freely combine terms at search time, which can increase recall but decrease precision. Uniterm indexing involves analyzing documents into individual concepts represented as single terms. These terms are recorded on cards divided into numbered columns, and searching involves finding common numbers across cards to retrieve documents. While flexible, post-coordinate and uniterm indexing can be time-consuming and lack context.
POPSI (Postulate based permuted subject indexing) is a pre-coordinate indexing system developed by G. Bhattacharyya that uses an analytic-synthetic method and permutation of terms to approach documents from different perspectives. It is based on Ranganathan's postulates and classification principles. POPSI helps formulate subject headings, derive index entries, determine subject queries, and formulate search strategies. The main POPSI table contains notation used in the indexing process. Key steps include analysis, formalization, modulation, standardization, and generating organized and associative classification entries and references.
This document discusses the importance of scientific documentation and information centers for economic growth. It outlines the history and evolution of documentation centers in India, from early concepts put forth by Paul Otlet and E. Hymansas to the establishment of specific centers like SENDOC and NI-MSME. SENDOC and NI-MSME provide information services, training programs, publications, and more to support micro, small and medium enterprises in India, which employ over 30 million people and contribute significantly to exports and industrial production. The document concludes by emphasizing the objectives and services of documentation centers in promoting and developing MSMEs in India.
This document proposes automating the library at NTU FSD. It discusses the need for library automation to improve access and services. The objectives of automation include maintaining bibliographic records, providing catalog access, and implementing new IT processes. Selection criteria for an integrated library system include functionality, user interface, standards support, scalability, and costs. The proposal recommends analyzing needs, developing criteria, evaluating systems, and issuing a request for proposal to potential vendors. The implementation process involves strategic planning, data conversion, pilot testing, and post-implementation review.
Information consolidation is defined as the process of evaluating and compressing relevant documents to provide users with reliable and concise information. It involves defining responsibility for analyzing documents and packaging information appropriately for users' needs, levels, and time constraints. The benefits of information consolidation include increasing the effectiveness and use of information for various activities, as well as expanding the circle of potential users by providing evaluated and synthesized information. The basic processes involve studying user needs, selecting relevant sources, evaluating and analyzing information, restructuring it into a new whole, and packaging and disseminating it to encourage use.
Modes of formation of subjects by Gordon AmiduGordonAmidu
This document discusses the seven modes of formation of subjects as identified by Dr. S.R. Ranganathan and his followers:
1. Loose assemblage - Bringing together two or more subjects or isolated ideas based on their relationships. There are three kinds of loose assemblage.
2. Lamination - Combining an basic subject with isolated ideas or facets to create a compound subject. There are two kinds of lamination.
3. Fission - Splitting a basic subject or isolated idea into subdivisions. The two kinds are dissection and denudation.
4. Fusion - Merging two or more primary basic subjects such that they lose their identities and form a new primary basic
ISO 2709 is an international standard for the exchange of bibliographic records between libraries and indexing services. It defines the structure and elements of a bibliographic record, including a record label, directory, data fields, and record separator. The record label provides metadata about the record, the directory lists the fields and their positions, and the data fields contain the bibliographic data elements. ISO 2709 was developed in the 1960s and allows standardized sharing of catalog records.
Shalini canons of library classification ( idea plane) pdfDr Shalini Lihitkar
The document discusses the canons of library classification as formulated by Dr. Shiyali Ranganathan. It begins by defining canons as rules or principles used for the working and efficiency of classification schemes. Ranganathan recognized three planes of work - idea, verbal, and notational - and provided specific norms for each.
For the idea plane, there are canons for characteristics, succession of characteristics, array, chain, and filiatory sequence. These deal with analyzing and organizing the universe of knowledge. For the verbal plane, there are canons of context, enumeration, currency, and reticence to determine terminology. The notational plane implements the idea plane through notations like synonyms, hierarchies, and facet
An institutional repository is a digital archive for collecting, preserving, and disseminating the research output of an institution. It aims to increase visibility and access to scholarship. Repositories help manage intellectual property and preserve content over the long term. They support the institution's mission by providing open access to research and learning materials.
A discussion over the concept of ERM and its need in a Library. It also covers different software solutions for the management of electronic resources from the libraries.
The arrival and enormous growth rate of digital contents have fundamentally changed the way in which content is made available to library users. In the recent years, libraries are acquiring more and more electronic resources (e-resources) because of perceived benefits, such as easy access to information and its comprehensiveness. Due to the influx of e-resources in libraries, the collection, acquisition, and maintenance of these resources have become complicated issues to deal with. This has forced libraries to devise strategies to manage and deliver e-resources conveniently. Therefore, “Management of E-resources” or “Electronic Resource Management” (ERM) has become a challenge for library professionals that needs to be addressed through research and practice. To meet these challenges, library professionals and content providers have decided to develop ‘Electronic Resource Management System’ (ERMS) for management of e-resources in a more systematic way.
NISCAIR was formed in 2002 by merging NISCOM and INSDOC to disseminate science and technology information. It provides various information services including publishing journals, conducting training programs, operating an online periodical repository, and managing databases. NISCAIR aims to be the prime custodian of science and technology knowledge in India and promote communication through traditional and modern means.
The document discusses collection development for print materials in libraries, outlining selection policies, tools, and principles for print collections. It also examines some of the key processes involved in collection development like acquisition, processing, maintenance, and evaluation. Some common challenges of developing print collections are discussed, such as financial and space constraints, lack of staff expertise, and difficulties selecting and procuring appropriate materials.
The document discusses the history and features of the 23rd edition of the Dewey Decimal Classification system. It provides details on the system's development since 1876, its structure involving 10 main classes and use of decimals, and new features in the 23rd edition like representation of groups of people, revisions to standard subdivisions, and changes to better organize knowledge on the internet.
This document provides an overview of the history and development of library cataloguing codes. It discusses early cataloguing practices and some of the seminal cataloguing codes developed over time, including Panizzi's 91 Rules, Jewett's Rules, Cutter's Rules, the 1908 ALA Code, Prussian Instructions, Vatican Rules, Classified Catalogue Code, ALA Rules 1949, Library of Congress Descriptive Rules, AACR1, AACR2 and its revisions. The document traces how cataloguing evolved from individual library practices to a more standardized and principle-based approach through the development of these various codes and standards.
The document provides an introduction to Dublin Core metadata, including its history and development. It describes Dublin Core elements, refinements, vocabularies, and provides examples of Dublin Core records at both the collection and item levels, including records for manuscripts, books, and other resources.
This document discusses different modes of subject formation in library science, as proposed by Ranganathan in the 1950s. It outlines seven modes of subject formation - loose assemblage, lamination, dissection, fusion, distillation, agglomeration, and cluster. These modes represent systematic relationships that guide how ideas are organized into subjects. Understanding these formation modes helps classify subjects in documents to efficiently retrieve and disseminate knowledge to library users.
Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) in the Context of Semantic Web De...gardensofmeaning
The document discusses the development and use of SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organization System) for representing knowledge organization systems like thesauri and classification schemes as structured data on the semantic web. It describes how LCSH (Library of Congress Subject Headings) has been converted to RDF using SKOS and published as linked open data. It suggests further steps like linking LCSH to other metadata and developing RDF representations of additional bibliographic schemas.
This presentation is intended to provide information on the various access points, points out the need for Classification and discusses some of the major modes of formation of subjects.
RDA (Resource Description and Access) is a new standard for describing library resources, designed to replace AACR2. Library staff, including public services, systems personnel, and catalogers, may have heard mention of RDA but not know much about it or how it will change their daily work. You may have many questions. What is RDA? We'll give a very little bit of history and theoretical background. What is this going to mean for catalogers, ILS managers, and users in the near term? What are the future implications, or, why are we doing this? What are the juicy bits of controversy in cataloger-land? And finally, Do we HAVE to? We'll talk for a while, have some activities that get you thinking, and find out your thoughts on RDA.
Presented at "Captains & Crew Collaborating," the 8th annual paraprofessional conference at J.Y. Joyner Library, East Carolina University.
Postulate Approach to Library Classification
Normative Principles
Three Planes of Work
Modes of Formation of Subjects
Systems Approach to the Study of Subjects
Depth Classification
Classification in Electronic Environment
Classificatory basis for metadata
Knowledge Organization
This document discusses hazards to library materials and their preservation. It begins by introducing the importance of libraries in preserving knowledge and the responsibility of proper preservation and dissemination of library materials. It then outlines key factors that can deteriorate materials, including environmental factors like light, heat, humidity, dust; biological factors such as microorganisms, insects, rodents; chemical factors; and human factors or disasters. Specific examples of how each of these can damage materials are provided.
Post coordinate indexing .. Library and information scienceharshaec
This document discusses post-coordinate indexing and uniterm indexing. Post-coordinate indexing allows searchers to freely combine terms at search time, which can increase recall but decrease precision. Uniterm indexing involves analyzing documents into individual concepts represented as single terms. These terms are recorded on cards divided into numbered columns, and searching involves finding common numbers across cards to retrieve documents. While flexible, post-coordinate and uniterm indexing can be time-consuming and lack context.
POPSI (Postulate based permuted subject indexing) is a pre-coordinate indexing system developed by G. Bhattacharyya that uses an analytic-synthetic method and permutation of terms to approach documents from different perspectives. It is based on Ranganathan's postulates and classification principles. POPSI helps formulate subject headings, derive index entries, determine subject queries, and formulate search strategies. The main POPSI table contains notation used in the indexing process. Key steps include analysis, formalization, modulation, standardization, and generating organized and associative classification entries and references.
This document discusses the importance of scientific documentation and information centers for economic growth. It outlines the history and evolution of documentation centers in India, from early concepts put forth by Paul Otlet and E. Hymansas to the establishment of specific centers like SENDOC and NI-MSME. SENDOC and NI-MSME provide information services, training programs, publications, and more to support micro, small and medium enterprises in India, which employ over 30 million people and contribute significantly to exports and industrial production. The document concludes by emphasizing the objectives and services of documentation centers in promoting and developing MSMEs in India.
This document proposes automating the library at NTU FSD. It discusses the need for library automation to improve access and services. The objectives of automation include maintaining bibliographic records, providing catalog access, and implementing new IT processes. Selection criteria for an integrated library system include functionality, user interface, standards support, scalability, and costs. The proposal recommends analyzing needs, developing criteria, evaluating systems, and issuing a request for proposal to potential vendors. The implementation process involves strategic planning, data conversion, pilot testing, and post-implementation review.
Information consolidation is defined as the process of evaluating and compressing relevant documents to provide users with reliable and concise information. It involves defining responsibility for analyzing documents and packaging information appropriately for users' needs, levels, and time constraints. The benefits of information consolidation include increasing the effectiveness and use of information for various activities, as well as expanding the circle of potential users by providing evaluated and synthesized information. The basic processes involve studying user needs, selecting relevant sources, evaluating and analyzing information, restructuring it into a new whole, and packaging and disseminating it to encourage use.
Modes of formation of subjects by Gordon AmiduGordonAmidu
This document discusses the seven modes of formation of subjects as identified by Dr. S.R. Ranganathan and his followers:
1. Loose assemblage - Bringing together two or more subjects or isolated ideas based on their relationships. There are three kinds of loose assemblage.
2. Lamination - Combining an basic subject with isolated ideas or facets to create a compound subject. There are two kinds of lamination.
3. Fission - Splitting a basic subject or isolated idea into subdivisions. The two kinds are dissection and denudation.
4. Fusion - Merging two or more primary basic subjects such that they lose their identities and form a new primary basic
ISO 2709 is an international standard for the exchange of bibliographic records between libraries and indexing services. It defines the structure and elements of a bibliographic record, including a record label, directory, data fields, and record separator. The record label provides metadata about the record, the directory lists the fields and their positions, and the data fields contain the bibliographic data elements. ISO 2709 was developed in the 1960s and allows standardized sharing of catalog records.
Shalini canons of library classification ( idea plane) pdfDr Shalini Lihitkar
The document discusses the canons of library classification as formulated by Dr. Shiyali Ranganathan. It begins by defining canons as rules or principles used for the working and efficiency of classification schemes. Ranganathan recognized three planes of work - idea, verbal, and notational - and provided specific norms for each.
For the idea plane, there are canons for characteristics, succession of characteristics, array, chain, and filiatory sequence. These deal with analyzing and organizing the universe of knowledge. For the verbal plane, there are canons of context, enumeration, currency, and reticence to determine terminology. The notational plane implements the idea plane through notations like synonyms, hierarchies, and facet
An institutional repository is a digital archive for collecting, preserving, and disseminating the research output of an institution. It aims to increase visibility and access to scholarship. Repositories help manage intellectual property and preserve content over the long term. They support the institution's mission by providing open access to research and learning materials.
A discussion over the concept of ERM and its need in a Library. It also covers different software solutions for the management of electronic resources from the libraries.
The arrival and enormous growth rate of digital contents have fundamentally changed the way in which content is made available to library users. In the recent years, libraries are acquiring more and more electronic resources (e-resources) because of perceived benefits, such as easy access to information and its comprehensiveness. Due to the influx of e-resources in libraries, the collection, acquisition, and maintenance of these resources have become complicated issues to deal with. This has forced libraries to devise strategies to manage and deliver e-resources conveniently. Therefore, “Management of E-resources” or “Electronic Resource Management” (ERM) has become a challenge for library professionals that needs to be addressed through research and practice. To meet these challenges, library professionals and content providers have decided to develop ‘Electronic Resource Management System’ (ERMS) for management of e-resources in a more systematic way.
NISCAIR was formed in 2002 by merging NISCOM and INSDOC to disseminate science and technology information. It provides various information services including publishing journals, conducting training programs, operating an online periodical repository, and managing databases. NISCAIR aims to be the prime custodian of science and technology knowledge in India and promote communication through traditional and modern means.
The document discusses collection development for print materials in libraries, outlining selection policies, tools, and principles for print collections. It also examines some of the key processes involved in collection development like acquisition, processing, maintenance, and evaluation. Some common challenges of developing print collections are discussed, such as financial and space constraints, lack of staff expertise, and difficulties selecting and procuring appropriate materials.
The document discusses the history and features of the 23rd edition of the Dewey Decimal Classification system. It provides details on the system's development since 1876, its structure involving 10 main classes and use of decimals, and new features in the 23rd edition like representation of groups of people, revisions to standard subdivisions, and changes to better organize knowledge on the internet.
This document provides an overview of the history and development of library cataloguing codes. It discusses early cataloguing practices and some of the seminal cataloguing codes developed over time, including Panizzi's 91 Rules, Jewett's Rules, Cutter's Rules, the 1908 ALA Code, Prussian Instructions, Vatican Rules, Classified Catalogue Code, ALA Rules 1949, Library of Congress Descriptive Rules, AACR1, AACR2 and its revisions. The document traces how cataloguing evolved from individual library practices to a more standardized and principle-based approach through the development of these various codes and standards.
The document provides an introduction to Dublin Core metadata, including its history and development. It describes Dublin Core elements, refinements, vocabularies, and provides examples of Dublin Core records at both the collection and item levels, including records for manuscripts, books, and other resources.
This document discusses different modes of subject formation in library science, as proposed by Ranganathan in the 1950s. It outlines seven modes of subject formation - loose assemblage, lamination, dissection, fusion, distillation, agglomeration, and cluster. These modes represent systematic relationships that guide how ideas are organized into subjects. Understanding these formation modes helps classify subjects in documents to efficiently retrieve and disseminate knowledge to library users.
Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) in the Context of Semantic Web De...gardensofmeaning
The document discusses the development and use of SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organization System) for representing knowledge organization systems like thesauri and classification schemes as structured data on the semantic web. It describes how LCSH (Library of Congress Subject Headings) has been converted to RDF using SKOS and published as linked open data. It suggests further steps like linking LCSH to other metadata and developing RDF representations of additional bibliographic schemas.
This presentation is intended to provide information on the various access points, points out the need for Classification and discusses some of the major modes of formation of subjects.
Enterprise Social Tools & the Knowledge OrganizationThomas Vander Wal
This presentation was delivered as a keynote to three joint conferences - KM World, Enterprise Search, and Taxonomy Bootcamp - November 2009 in San Jose.
The focus is lessons learned from those who have been running social tools inside the enterprise for a year or more - the "One Year Club". This focuses not only the lessons learned but how to increase adoption by putting focus not on early adopters but all employees and their needs and pain points.
This document outlines the requirements for a library management system. It describes functional requirements like book entry, registering students, and tracking book issues and returns. It also covers user requirements such as a graphical interface, search and report capabilities. System requirements include login authentication for users and administrators. Hardware requirements include an operating system, RAM, hard disk and processor. The purpose is to automate the manual library processes and make book and user details easily accessible online.
The document provides information about a library management system project for an education institute. It discusses the need to automate the library's processes to make it more efficient. Some key points include:
- The existing manual system has limitations like time consumption, difficulty in searching and maintaining records.
- The new system aims to address these issues and make operations like book searching, issuing and returning faster and easier for students and staff.
- It will also facilitate generating various reports and calculating late fees for overdue books.
The presentation summarizes the OPUS library management system. It includes sections on the basic identity and objectives of a typical library system, an introduction to OPUS, and its future perspectives. It also presents the entity relationship diagram and data flow of OPUS, showing how users and administrators can interact with the system to search for books, issue books, register users, and more. The goal of OPUS is to provide easy, secure access to library books and services for both users and administrators.
Knowledge Organisation Systems in Digital Libraries: A Comparative StudyBhojaraju Gunjal
The document presents a study that compares the different Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS) used in major digital libraries. It finds that while traditional libraries used standardized systems like classification schemes, digital libraries employ various KOS tools including thesauri, ontologies, and subject headings. The study analyzes the specific KOS used in different digital libraries and summarizes the current state of KOS in these libraries.
Dave Clarke presented on knowledge organization and discovery. He discussed how knowledge management requires systematically organizing knowledge through standards and software. Effective organization allows for knowledge discovery, though full-text search has limitations without understanding context. Knowledge organization systems address this through formal subject indexing schemes linked to controlled vocabularies and external data sources. Several examples showed how semantic annotation and linking to external ontologies enhances discovery of conceptually related information that could not be found through search alone.
The document discusses digital libraries, including their architecture and design. It defines a digital library as a collection of documents available electronically on the internet or CD-ROM. Digital libraries use technology to break down traditional rules for archives by describing archived materials individually and allowing for reproduction. The document also discusses different types of metadata, including structural and descriptive metadata, and different metadata schemes.
Library science applies various tools and perspectives from fields like management and information technology to the collection, organization, preservation, and dissemination of information resources. It also covers how people interact with and are trained to use information. Key areas studied include collection management, information systems, research methods, and preservation. Library science is constantly evolving to incorporate new topics. Classification systems are used to organize library collections to facilitate subject access and the physical location of resources.
This poster provides referencing services to linking bibliographical papers and citations with existing Linked Open Data. It aims to convert current bibliographical data in various digital library databases into semantic bibliographical data to enable research profiling and intelligent knowledge discovery
The document discusses planning and implementing knowledge organization systems (KOS) in digital libraries. Key steps include analyzing user needs, locating existing KOS that meet those needs, and planning the infrastructure for how the KOS will be integrated and accessed. Decisions need to be made about whether the KOS will be accessed externally via links or loaded locally, and considerations for each approach are outlined.
In other words...: Using multiple taxonimieskramsey
The document discusses the perspectives and contexts in which information objects are created, collected, described, discovered, and used over time. It also summarizes the services provided by the Knowledge and Library Services at Harvard Business School, including collections, reference services, web services, and knowledge and information assets management. Finally, it discusses the changing models in taxonomy management, controlled vocabularies, and perspectives in accessing information over time.
The document discusses personal information management (PIM) tools and strategies. It describes how PIM has been an issue since information became available and outlines some common PIM tools like email, calendars, computer desktop organization, and websites. It also discusses the implications of increased digital information storage, such as challenges around saving, organizing, and retrieving personal information across multiple tools and locations.
Porting Library Vocabularies to the Semantic Web - IFLA 2010Bernard Vatant
The document discusses opportunities for libraries to contribute their established vocabularies and classification systems to the Semantic Web. It outlines steps libraries can take to audit, publish, and integrate their vocabularies according to Semantic Web standards. This will help bring necessary structure and organization to the Web of data by leveraging libraries' proven heritage in developing controlled vocabularies.
This document provides an overview of semantic web technologies and their role in advancing digital library functions. It begins with definitions of semantic web, its main components like RDF, OWL and ontology. It then discusses functions of digital libraries like access to information, support for multimedia and advanced search. The key role of semantic web for digital libraries is described as representing various types of objects and relations between them to provide meaningful data that can be processed by computers. Technologies like XML, RDF and ontology help achieve this by annotating and describing data in a structured format. Finally, semantic web allows for improved resource sharing and networking across digital libraries by making data interoperable and extending its accessibility.
From Bibliometrics to Cybermetrics - a book chapter by Nicola de BellisXanat V. Meza
Disclaimer: All original texts and images belong to their rightful owners.
Chapter 8 of the book "Bibliometrics and Citation Analysis" by Nicola de Bellis.
The Semantic Web in Digital Libraries: A Literature Reviewsstose
The document discusses the potential for semantic web technologies to improve digital libraries by enabling machines to understand relationships between terms, not just keyword mappings. It reviews literature on using ontologies and RDF to integrate metadata from different libraries and allow queries about authorship, synonyms, and other relationships rather than just searching for keywords. Adapting existing library metadata standards like Dublin Core to semantic web frameworks could improve discovery, collaboration, and interoperability for digital collections. However, significant organizational changes may be required within libraries to fully realize this vision.
The document discusses perspectives on metadata from web resources and database systems. It describes how metadata comes in many forms and serves various purposes, such as supporting discovery and identification of information resources on the web (resource metadata), and ensuring consistency and analysis of structured data in databases (metadata in database systems). Resource metadata commonly follows standards and is stored separately from the resources it describes, while database metadata includes both structural metadata describing data organization and content metadata in the form of data dictionaries.
The increased potential of the ontologies to reduce the human interference has wide range of applications. This paper identifies requirements for an ontology development platform to innovate artificially intelligent web. To facilitate this process, RDF and OWL have been developed as standard formats for the sharing and integration of data and knowledge. The knowledge in the form of rich conceptual schemas called ontologies. Based on the framework, an architectural paradigm is put forward in view of ontology engineering and development of ontology applications and a development portal designed to support ontology engineering, content authoring and application development with a view to maximal scalability in size and complexity of semantic knowledge and flexible reuse of ontology models and ontology application processes in a distributed and collaborative engineering environment.
Examines how new technologies can be applied to overcome problems in controlled vocabularies, focusing on Resource Description Framework (RDF), Simple Knowledge Organisation System (SKOS), metadata registries and web services. Part of the Cataloguing and Indexing Group in Scotland (CIGS) seminar "Toto, I've got a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore": metadata issues and Web2.0 services.
This document summarizes key concepts from a paper on the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (CRM), an ontology for semantic interoperability of cultural heritage data. It discusses the CRM's property-centric approach and methodology, which aims for read-only integration of heterogeneous cultural data sources. The CRM is designed to reconstruct possible past worlds from loosely correlated historical records in a way that allows for monotonic extension of the ontology over time without revising existing definitions.
Folksonomies: a bottom-up social categorization systemdomenico79
Folksonomies are a bottom-up social system for categorizing and sharing content created by users tagging resources with freely chosen keywords or tags. They have no controlled vocabulary or defined relationships between terms, instead allowing collaboration and adaptation through shared user-generated metadata. While lacking formal structure, folksonomies lower barriers to cooperation and foster serendipitous discovery, but can suffer from ambiguity due to synonyms, polysemy and other issues with vocabulary.
The document discusses SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organization System), a common data model for sharing and linking knowledge organization systems on the web. SKOS allows publishing thesauri and other controlled vocabularies as linked data. It provides a simple framework for representing concepts and semantic relationships to support tasks like searching across mapped thesauri. SKOS has been adopted by several communities and projects for integrating and mapping their vocabularies and terminology systems.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
2. The term knowledge organization (KO) (or "organization of
knowledge", "organization of information" or "information
organization") designates a field of study related to Library and
Information Science (LIS). In this meaning, KO is about activities such
as document description, indexing and classification performed in
libraries, databases, archives etc. These activities are done by
librarians, archivists, subject specialists as well as by computer
algorithms. Knowledge organizing systems (KOS) are used to organize
documents, document representations and concepts.
3. The term knowledge organization systems is intended to encompass
all types of schemes for organizing information and promoting
knowledge management. Knowledge organization systems include
classification schemes that organize materials at a general level (such
as books on a shelf), subject headings that provide more detailed
access, and authority files that control variant versions of key
information (such as geographic names and personal names). They also
include less-traditional schemes, such as semantic networks and
ontologies. Because knowledge organization systems are mechanisms
for organizing information, they are at the heart of every library,
museum, and archive.
4. The term knowledge organization systems as used in this report was
coined by the Networked Knowledge Organization Systems Working
Group at its initial meeting at the ACM Digital Libraries Õ98 Conference
in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
All digital libraries use one or more KOS. Just as in a physical library,
the KOS in a digital library provides an overview of the content of the
collection and supports retrieval. The scheme may be a traditional KOS
relevant to the scope of the material and the expected audience for the
digital library (such as the Dewey Decimal System or the INSPEC
Thesaurus)
5. The KOS imposes a particular view of the world on a collection and the
items in it.
The same entity can be characterized in different ways, depending on the
KOS that is used.
There must be sufficient commonality between the concept expressed
in a KOS and the real-world object to which that concept refers that a
knowledgeable person could apply the system with reasonable reliability.
Likewise, a person seeking relevant material by using a KOS must be able
to connect his or her concept with its representation in the system.
Despite their diversity, KOSs have the following common
characteristics that are critical to their use in organizing digital
libraries.
6. Types of Knowledge Organization Systems
A review of some typical knowledge organization systems shows
their scope and applicability to a variety of digital library settings.
They are grouped into three general categories: term lists, which
emphasize lists of terms often with definitions; classifications and
categories, which emphasize the creation of subject sets; and
relationship lists, which emphasize the connections between terms and
concepts.
7. Term Lists
Glossaries.
Dictionaries.
Gazetteers.
Classifications and Categories
Subject Headings. This scheme type provides a set of controlled terms to represent
the subjects of items in a collection. In use, subject headings tend to be coordinated,
with rules for how they can be joined to provide concepts that are more specific.
Examples include the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and the Library of Congress
Subject Headings (LCSH).
Classification Schemes, Taxonomies, and Categorization Schemes. These terms are
often used interchangeably. Although there may be subtle differences from example
to example, these types of KOSs all provide ways to separate entities into "buckets" or
broad topic levels.
8. Relationship Lists
Thesauri. Thesauri are based on concepts and they show relationships among terms.
Relationships commonly expressed in a thesaurus include hierarchy, equivalence
(synonymy), and association or relatedness. These relationships are generally
represented by the notation BT (broader term), NT (narrower term), SY (synonym), and
RT (associative or related term).
Associative relationships may be more detailed in some schemes. For example, the
Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) from the National Library of Medicine has
defined more than 40 relationships, many of which are associative.
9. Semantic Networks. With the advent of natural language processing, there have been
significant developments in semantic networks. These KOSs structure concepts and terms
not as hierarchies but as a network or a web. Concepts are thought of as nodes, and
relationships branch out from them.. The most noted semantic network is Princeton
University's WordNet, which is now used in a variety of search engines.
Ontologies. Ontology is the newest label to be attached to some knowledge
organization systems. The knowledge-management community is developing ontologies
as specific concept models. They can represent complex relationships among objects, and
include the rules and axioms missing from semantic networks. Ontologies that describe
knowledge in a specific area are often connected with systems for data mining and
knowledge management.
All of these examples of knowledge organization systems, which vary in complexity,
structure, and function, can provide organization and increased access to digital
libraries.
10. The Future of Knowledge Organization Systems on the Web
As online databases moved to the Web, they began to provide their products,
including vocabulary aids, in this environment. Portable document format (PDF)
versions of printed vocabulary aids are common, since PDF can be easily produced
from a Postscript file and it retains the look of the printed product. With Adobe's tools
for indexing and searching, the PDF file can provide some level of support for linking.
Many of these aids, however, remain in the form of HTML files only there is no
database structure to easily support the linking and searching. In some cases, the full
structure of the KOS is not made available on the Web; the only format for a Web-
based thesaurus may be an alphabetical list of terms that does not enable the user to
navigate easily the hierarchical structure.
11. A draft set of attributes for describing KOSs available in a networked environment has
been developed by a task group of the Network Knowledge Organization Systems (NKOS)
Working Group, an ad hoc group of terminology experts from organizations that are
interested in issues related to the use and interoperability of KOSs over the Internet. The
draft attributes are based on work originally done by Linda Hill (Alexandria Digital Library
at the University of California at Santa Barbara) and Michael Raugh (Interconnect
Technologies).
The attributes describe the KOS so that content from the system can be transferred
over the Internet and handled by a remote browser or client application. The attributes
include the depth of hierarchy, the types of relationships included, the subject (described
by free text or by a declared classification scheme), storage format, copyright and rights
management, and contact information. To facilitate the transfer of information, the
attribute set also includes information on character set and file size. To facilitate the
acquisition and licensing of the KOSs, the draft content description includes point of
contact information.
12. There is significant interest in the use of KOSs to organize
and search material on the Internet. It is hoped that this
interest will result in knowledge organization services that
will make these sources more readily accessible to a variety
of software applications and to a variety of users. As services
and enabled software proliferate, it will be easier to
integrate these KOSs into digital libraries.