F. Questier, Digital freedoms in education, Software Freedom Kosova Conference, University of Pristina, 8th of September 2012

1. Digital freedoms
in education
Prof. dr. Frederik Questier
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
University of Pristina
8th of September 2012

2. This presentation can be found at
http://questier.com
http://www.slideshare.net/Frederik_Questier

3. My background

4. Vrije Universiteit Brussel

5. 5

6. 6

7. Our social responsibility:
how open is the future?

8. Electronic books?
➢ Would you buy or advise your students
➢ electronic versions of (educational) books
➢ if they were 30% cheaper than paper books
➢ maybe many books on a good reading device ~ paper?
➢
➢ Be aware: often
➢ limited to 1 year
➢ no access in the higher years of study
➢ limited to buyer
➢ no second hand buying or sale
➢ no library
➢ no extensive printing

9. Expensive and incompatible

10. Text To Speech software
on e-books
➢ Blessing for the blind
➢ 'Copyright violation' according to
'Author's Guild' (publishers)
→ TTS disabled in Amazon Kindle 2
Remote kill flags discovered!

11. DRM:
Digital Rights Management or
Digital Restrictions Management?
➢ Restricted
➢ export
➢ copying
➢ printing
➢ Text To Speech
➢ in time
➢ to buyer (no second hand market)
➢ biometric identification
➢ user info “inscribed” in the work (Microsoft Reader)
➢ access info sent back to publisher
➢ to certain hardware (e.g. Mac OS X - Apple hardware)
➢ to geographic regions

12. Regional lockout
(DVDs, Videogames, UMD, ...)

13. DRM
➢ is killing innovation
➢ can prevent legal rights such as
➢ fair use private copying
➢ time shifting
➢ lending services (library)
➢ 2nd hand resale of works
➢ donation
➢ access for disabled
➢ archival
➢ public domain

15. iPad schools???

16. 1 computer per user?
Esperenza Computer Classroom with software sponsored by Microsoft

17. One (library catalog) computer per user?

18. Free yourself from dogmas!

20. K12LTSP
Linux Terminal Server Project
Networked classrooms
Fat server
runs the applications
Thin clients
visualize the applications
need no hard disk
can be 15 years old PC's

21. 356,800 virtualized desktops
in Brazilian schools

23. The possible effects
Example: extremadura
➢ poorly developed region → economic revival
➢ based on FLOSS (customized GNU/LinEx)
➢ computer access for every student
➢ saved >18M € on initial 80,000 school computers
➢ total software cost: 1.08 Euro/PC/year
➢ bigger project
➢ stimuli for companies, centres for citizens
➢ economic revival -> European regional innovation award

24. "The most fundamental way
of helping other people,
is to teach people
how to do things better
or how to better their lives.
For people
who use computers,
this means sharing
the recipes
you use on your computer,
in other words
the programs you run."
24

25. 1980's: Stallman defined
“Free Software”
➢ The freedom to
➢ use
➢ study
➢ distribute
➢ improve
the program
25

28. Wh
at
FL is
OS inf
S lue
by use nci
sch ng
oo
l s
taf
f?

29. Methodology
➢ Interviews
➢ Model conceptualization
➢ Pilot survey
➢ Web based survey
➢ Model validation

30. Basis for conceptual model
➢ Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology
➢ Theory of Reasoned Action
➢ Technology Acceptance Model
➢ Motivational Model
➢ Theory of Planned Behaviour
➢ Combined TAM & TPB
➢ Model of PC Utilization
➢ Innovation Diffusion Theory
➢ Social Cognitive Theory
➢ Innovation diffusion Model

31. UTAUT model

32. Our conceptual model

33. Validated acceptance model for Free
Software in (Flemish) schools

34. Do you think it is desirable
to use FLOSS in education?

35. Which software
do you use at school?

36. Which software
do you use at school?

37. What is your motivation
to use Free Software?

38. What is holding back the
adoption of FLOSS in your school?

39. Conclusions
of the study
➢ FLOSS is being used, but not as a routine
➢ Lack of knowledge
➢ Misconceptions
➢ Perceived barriers
39

40. Recommendations
of the study
➢ for schools
➢ Develop FLOSS vision, plan, expertise
➢ Teach students how to share
➢ for government and managing structures
➢ Give central role to ICT-coordinators
➢ Create an expertise network
➢ Improve FLOSS information
40

41. Yearly “Speak Up” survey
among 300.000 US students
Number one complaint about the technological school
infrastructure:
2005
“internet at school is too slow”
2010
“school filters and firewalls block websites that we
need for our schoolwork”

42. Yearly “Speak Up” survey
among 300.000 US students
➢ Major obstacle to better technology use in schools?
➢ “The ban of personal devices”

43. Yearly “Speak Up” survey
among 300.000 US students
In terms of streamlining or increasing the effectiveness of
their traditional school processes, high school students say
that they would use their mobile device at school to:
➢ check grades (74 percent)
➢ take notes in class (59 percent)
➢ use the calendar (50 percent)
➢ access online textbooks (44 percent)
➢ send an email (44 percent)
➢ learn about school activities (40 percent)

46. 9y old Martha Payne blogging
pictures of school lunches got silenced.

47. Copyright acknowledgements
➢ Screenshot http://www.chamilo.org/
➢ Figure study CC-by-nc-sa by Tony2 (NOT IN USE!)
➢ http://www.userful.com/products/userful-multiseat-linux
➢ http://www.backbonemag.com/files/Images/BB_2009_06/brazil2_fmt1.gif
➢ http://www.desktoplinux.com/news/NS7546509093.html
➢ L’associazione studentesca S.P.R.I.Te. http://www.geektees.com/funny-
shirts/software-is-like-sex-its-better-when-its-free-t-shirt/
➢ Cartoon Open Source Fish by openssoft
➢ Question mark CC-by by Stefan Baudy
➢ OPEN, CC-by-nc-sa by Tom Magliery
➢ Open arrow, CC-by-nd by ChuckCoker
➢ http://www.graphs.net/201208/byod-in-schools-and-companies.html
➢ BYOD Cartoon a Day
http://mgleeson.edublogs.org/files/2012/02/20120210-205344.jpg
➢ School lunch picture Martha Payne http://neverseconds.blogspot.co.uk
➢ Share matches CC-by-nc-nd by Josh Harper

48. DARE
TO SHARE
48

49. Active/Manipulative - Collaborative - Complex - Constructive - Contextualized - Conversational - Intentional - Reflective
Questions? Thank you!
Pyetje? Faleminderit!
See also http://questier.com
49

50. This presentation was made
with 100% Free Software
No animals were harmed