The document discusses the digestive and respiratory systems. It describes how the digestive system transforms food into nutrients through digestion and absorption in the digestive tract. It also explains how the respiratory system obtains oxygen from the air through breathing and provides it to cells while removing the carbon dioxide they produce. Both systems work together to break down food, distribute nutrients throughout the body, and remove waste to keep the human body functioning properly.

1. THE DIGESTIVE AND
RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS
Autora: Marta García T.

2. HUMAN NUTRITION
 NUTRITION is the set of processes that allows the
body to obtain from food the substances (nutrients)
needed to live, transport them through the body, and
eliminate the toxic substances produced by our cells
when using those nutrients.
Autora: Marta García T.

3. SYSTEMS INVOLVED IN NUTRITION
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5. SYSTEMS INVOLVED IN NUTRITION
 Digestive System: transforms food into nutrients which
can be used by our cells.
 Respiratory System: captures oxygen and eliminates
carbon dioxide.
 Circulatory System: transports substances through the
body.
 Excretory System: eliminates waste susbtances
produced by our cells.
Autora: Marta García T.

6. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
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7. It transforms food into simpler useful substances
(nutrients ) so that cells can use them, and
eliminates the non digestive leftovers.
Autora: Marta García T.

8. Elements of the Digestive System
 Digestive Tract: 8 metres long, from mouth to anus.
 Accesory Glands: release substances into the digestive tract:
 Salivary Glands.
 Gastric Glands.
 Intestinal Glands.
 Liver.
 Pancreas.
Autora: Marta García T.

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11. DIGESTIVE PROCESSES
 Ingestion: taking in food. Mouth.
 Digestion: decomposing food into simpler
substances (nutrient) which can be used by our
cells. Mouth, stomach, small intestine. It can be:
 Mechanical Digestion.
 Chemical Digestion.
 Absorption: nutrients pass to the blood. Small
intestine.
 Egestion: expelling non-digested susbtances.
Large intestine.
Autora: Marta García T.

12. DIGESTION
We take in food through the mouth, where digestion
starts:
- Mechanical: Teeth (mastication) and Tongue (helps the food
bolus to be formed).
- Chemical: Insalivation: amylase in saliva starts digesting glucids.
FORMATION OF THE FOOD BOLUS
Autora: Marta García T.

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14. SWALLOWING
 The tongue movements
cause swallowing.
 The food bolus passes
through the pharynx to the
oesophagus.
 Once in the oesphagus,
peristaltic movements lead
the bolus to move
downwards to the stomach.
Autora: Marta García T.

15. STOMACH
 Both mechanical and chemical digestion take place in
the stomach.
Autora: Marta García T.

16.  Digestión Química:
 El estómago segrega jugos gástricos, sustancias químicas
ácidas que atacan y descomponen el alimento.
 Digestión Física:
 Las paredes del estómago tienen tejido muscular, lo que
permite que realice movimientos que contribuyen a mezclar
el bolo con los jugos gástricos.
La mezcla que sale del estómago se denomina QUIMO
(Chyme), y atraviesa el cardias para llegar al intestino delgado.
Autora: Marta García T.

17. SMALL INTESTINE
 It is about 6-7 metres long. It has three sections :
 Duodenum.
 Jejunum.
 Ileum.
Autora: Marta García T.

18. En el Duodeno continúa la digestión química del
alimento, por parte de tres sustancias:
 Los jugos intestinales que
segregan las propias paredes
del duodeno.
 La bilis, que es segregada por el
hígado y vertida al duodeno.
 Los jugos pancreáticos, que son
segregados por el páncreas y
vertidos al duodeno.
Autora: Marta García T.

19. Tras su paso por el duodeno, el alimento ya está
descompuesto totalmente en nutrientes, formando una
pasta que llamamos QUILO (Chyle).
Los nutrientes serán absorbidos por la sangre en los dos
tramos siguientes del intestino delgado (yeyuno e íleon),
y serán transportados a todas las células.
Autora: Marta García T.

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21. LARGE INTESTINE
 Once digestion is finished, undigested food passes to
the large intestine.
 Here, water and mineral salts are reabsorbed.
 Waste products are compacted to form faeces, which
are expelled through the anus.
 It has three sections:
- Caecum.
- Colon.
- Rectum.
Autora: Marta García T.

22. Match each organ with its function.
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23. http://www.edistribucion.es/anayaeducacion/8440042/U03_SC3/02_Digestive%2
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24. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Autora: Marta García T.

25.  Through respiration our body gets the oxygen needed by all
cells to burn nutrients and produce the energy they need.
 At the same time, this process allows us to expell the
carbon dioxide our cells have produce when burning
nutrients.
 The respiratory system is made up of:
 The airways.
 The lungs.
Autora: Marta García T.

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27. Nasal Cavity (Warms and cleans the air)
Epiglottis
Pharynx
Larynx
Bronchioles
Trachea
Lungs
Bronchi Pulmonary
alveoli
Autora: Marta García T.

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29. Recorrido del aire en el sistema respiratorio
Autora: Marta García T.

30. GAS EXCHANGE
Aire espirado Aire inspirado
Sangre rica en
Sangre pobre oxígeno
en oxígeno y
rica en CO2
Oxígeno
CO2
Autora: Marta García T.

31. PULMONARY VENTILATION
Diaphragm moves
down, and the ribs
move up and out.
The air enters Thoracic
the lungs cavity gets
smaller, and
the air is
expelled from
Thoracic cavity the lungs
Diaphragm
gets bigger, and
relaxes and
the lungs fill with
moves up, and
air.
the ribs move
down and in.
INSPIRATION EXPIRATION
Autora: Marta García T.

32. Composición del aire inspirado y
espirado.
AIRE INSPIRADO AIRE ESPIRADO
21%
17%
4%
0.03%
Oxígeno Dióxido de Oxígeno Dióxido de
carbono carbono
Autora: Marta García T.