The document summarizes three main types of digestive systems: 1) Ruminant systems like those in cattle and sheep have multi-chambered stomachs and use microbial fermentation in the rumen to digest plant matter. 2) Monogastric systems like in humans and pigs have a simple stomach and rely on enzymes and acid digestion. 3) Hindgut fermenters like horses have a simple stomach but very large and complex large intestine where cellulose is broken down by symbiotic bacteria.

1. Digestive System
(animals)
M . VA S Q U E Z B I O S C I E

2. Introduction
Three (3) basic types of digestive systems according to their
stomachs :
►Monogastric – simple stomach.
►Ruminant (cranial fermentor) – multi-compartmented stomachs.
►Hind gut (caudal) fermentor – simple stomach, but very large and
complex large intestine

4. Types of Digestive Systems
• Are divided into three groups based on their food sources
1. Herbivores- are animals that eat plants exclusively
2. Carnivores- are animals that eat other animals
3. Omnivores- are animals that eat both plants and other animals

5. Ruminant (foregut)
• Animals with complex digestive systems
• Capable of digesting material with a high fiber concentration
• Uses microbial fermentation
- Cattle
- Sheep
- Goats
- Deer

6. Ruminants are mammals that are able to acquire nutrients
from plant-based food by fermenting it in a
specialized stomach prior to digestion, principally through
microbial actions.
The rumen is one of four stomach compartments found in
ruminants. Ruminants are animals such as cattle, sheep,
goats and deer. (In comparison, animals such as pigs, dogs
and horses have only a single stomach compartment and
are called nonruminants, or monogastric animals.) The
rumen allows grazing animals to digest cellulose, a very
common carbohydrate in plants.

7. Ruminant Digestive System

8. Ruman
• Largest of the four parts “room-in-it”
• Filled with bacteria
• Converts large amounts of roughage to amino acids
Ruman Microbe

9. Mouth
- Bites and chews
Esophagus
- Connection
Four Compartment Stomach
- rumen
- reticulum
- omasum
- Abmasum
85% capacity

10. Ruman Microbe
• The large microbe is a type of protist
• The creature that looks like a tadpole attached to the side of the
protist is a fungal spore
• The smaller, rod-shaped organism lining the underside of the
protist are bacteria.

11. Parts and Functions
Reticulum
 Compartment where liquid goes
 Honeycomb in structure
Omasum
 Grinds and squeezes
 Removes some liquid
Abomasum
 “True stomach”
 Enzymes and acids

12. Small Intestine
• Partially digested feed is mixed
- Bile
- Pancreatic Juice
- intestinal Juice
• Most of the food nutrient is absorbed
- Villi or Papillae
Large Intestine
• Main function is to absorbed water
• Add mucus to undigested feed
- Feces

13. Monogastric
Simple digestive system
- A monogastric organism has a simple single-chambered stomach
- Feed must be highly quality concentrates
- Cannot digest large amount of fiber
• human
• Dogs
• Cats
• rabbits
• pigs

14. Parts & Functions
• Mouth
• Esophagus
• Stomach
- Enzymes acts on feed
- Churns and mixes
• Small intestine
• Large intestine

15. Accessory system
• Liver
Produces bile that acts on fat
• Pancreas
Produces insulin
• Anus
End of the digestive tract

16. Monogastric Digestive System

17. Hindgut fermentation
• Hindgut fermentation is a digestive process seen in monogastric herbivores,
animals with a simple, single-chambered stomach.
• The hindgut (or epigaster) is the posterior (caudal) part of the alimentary
canal. In mammals, it includes the distal third of the transverse colon and the
splenic flexure, the descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum.
• Hindgut fermenters generally have a cecum and large intestine that are much
larger and more complex than those of a foregut or midgut fermenter.

18. Hindgut fermentation is a digestive process seen in
monogastric herbivores, animals with a simple, single-
chambered stomach. Cellulose is digested with the aid of
symbiotic bacteria.
Hindgut fermenters generally have a cecum and large
intestine that are much larger and more complex than those of
a foregut or midgut fermenter.

19. Hindgut Digestive System