(1) Head and neck swellings can have many causes, including lymph node enlargement, cysts, infections, benign and malignant tumors. (2) While some masses are cancerous, many are non-cancerous cysts or enlarged lymph nodes. (3) Evaluation of persistent or enlarging lumps involves medical history, physical exam, and may include imaging tests and biopsy to determine if surgical removal or other treatment is needed.
Introduction
Epidemiology
Etiology
Manifestations
TNM staging
Squamous cell carcinoma is defined as malignant epithelial neoplasm exhibiting squamous differentiation as characterised by the formation of keratin and/or the presence of intercellular bridges.
( Pindborg et al, 1997).
Introduction
Epidemiology
Etiology
Manifestations
TNM staging
Squamous cell carcinoma is defined as malignant epithelial neoplasm exhibiting squamous differentiation as characterised by the formation of keratin and/or the presence of intercellular bridges.
( Pindborg et al, 1997).
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this presentation discusses how to approach to the neck mass
and important DDx according to the site and age of onset
with clinical points about important etiologies
Discuss the differential diagnosis of midline neck masses?
Discuss the differential diagnosis of lateral neck masses and lumps?
What specific question you would ask in history to elicit the diagnosis?
Discuss about management (investigations and treatment plan) for midline neck masses?
Discuss about management (investigations and treatment plan) for lateral neck masses?
Assuming that this patient presents with a history of weight loss, night sweats and chronic cough, how would you proceed with diagnosis, management and treatment in this patient?
Neck masses are common in adults and can occur for many reasons. You may develop a neck mass due to a viral or bacterial infection.
Ear or sinus infection, dental infection, strep throat, mumps, or a goiter may cause a neck mass.
Clinically neck masses can be divided into:
Those in the midline
Those in the lateral aspect of triangles of neck which can be further divided according to triangles of neck
Suture Materials and Suturing Techniques - Presented by Dr. Prasanjit Das and group as a part of Dhaka Dental College, OMS Department weekly presentation program.
Maxillofacial Trauma and Its Emergency Management - ATLS
Presented by Dr Sabrina and group as a part of Dhaka Dental College OMS Department weekly presentation program
Dental Management of a Medically Compromised Patients - Presented by Dr. Shweta and Parray as a part of Dhaka Dental COllege OMS Department Weekly Presentation Program
Complication of Tooth Extraction and their Management - Presented by Dr. Trisha and group as a part of OMS Department weekly presentation in Dhaka Dental College
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
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Differential diagnosis of head and neck swelling
1. Differential Diagnosis of Head and Neck
Swellings and it’s management
M.D.S Department
College of Dentistry
King Saud University
2. Head and Neck Swellings
A number of masses may develop in the head and neck,
and these may also be called swellings, growths,
tumors, lumps, and bumps.
While some head and neck masses are cancerous, many
are not.
However, it is important to investigate if any abnormal
bump or swelling persists for more than two weeks.
3. Head and Neck – Complex region
Numerous Lymph nodes are located in the Head &
Neck region
Salivary glands
Thyroid gland, Parathyroid glands, Thymus gland
etc.,
4. What Causes Head and Neck Swellings ?
(i) Cysts, thyroid masses, vascular masses, salivary
gland masses e.t.c, can cause swellings in the head
and neck.
(ii) Enlargement of lymph nodes in the head and neck can
also cause a swelling.
(iii) Inflammatory / Infectious conditions can also cause
lumps of the head and neck region.
(iv) Benign & Malignant masses can cause swelling of the
head and neck.
5. Symptoms Associated with Neck Lumps
Lump in the neck persisting for more than two weeks,
especially if it is not associated with a cold, flu, or other
infection.
Cancers of the mouth, throat, voice box (larynx),
thyroid, and some lymphomas can appear first as a
painless, growing neck lump.
6. Symptoms Associated with Head & Neck
Lumps
Change in the voice including hoarseness that
persists for more than two weeks
Growth in the mouth
Swollen tongue
Blood in the saliva or phlegm
Swallowing problems
7. Diagnosing Head and Neck Masses
Examination of some masses / swelling may allow a
physician to determine their cause based on location,
size, and consistency.
In other cases, however, additional tests may be
required.
8. Diagnosing Head and Neck Masses
Changes in the skin – It is important to examine
changes in the skin that could indicate basal cell
carcinoma, squamous cell cancer, and malignant
melanoma.
Persistent Ear Pain or ear pain while swallowing may
be a symptom of infection or a growth in the throat.
9. Radiographic Investigation of the Head and Neck
Masses
MRI – Magnetic Resonance Imaging can clearly
highlight soft tissue pathologies better than the C.T.
Scan.
It uses a magnetic field rather than x-rays (radiation).
10. Radiographic Investigation of the Head and Neck
Masses
CT SCAN – Computed tomography is less accurate than M.R.I
for the soft tissue examination, but is very useful to locate bony
tumors and their dimensions and extensions.
C.T with contrast is used to enhance the visibility of abnormal
tissue during examination.
11. Radiographic Investigation of the Head and Neck
Masses
PET (Positron Emission Tomography) and SPECT (Single
Photon Emission Tomography) are useful after diagnosis to help
determine the grade of a tumor or to distinguish between
cancerous and dead or scar tissue.
They involve injection with a radioactive tracer.
12. Diagnosing Head and Neck Masses
F.N.A.C – Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy is
Safe
Rapid
Inexpensive
Presurgical planning
Avoids open biopsy
14. (i) Enlargement of lymph nodes
This is the most common cause of new neck swellings.
Lymph nodes, which are part of the immune system,
can enlarge when the body rallies to fight an infection.
When the infection recedes, lymph swelling subsides as
well.
15. (ii) Benign Swellings of the Head and Neck
Benign Swellings / masses do not spread (metastasize)
to surrounding tissue and are not cancerous.
Nevertheless, benign masses can be serious if they
impact nerves or exert pressure in the head and neck,
and are therefore often removed surgically.
These include cysts, thyroid masses, vascular masses,
salivary gland masses, and others.
16. (ii) Benign Swellings of the Head and Neck
Congenital/ Developmental Cysts
(i) Thyroglossal cyst
(ii) Branchial cyst
(iii) Sebaceous cyst
(iv) Dermoid cyst
17. Developmental Cyst - ThyroglossalCyst
Most common congenital neck mass
Arrested migration of thyroid
50% present before age 20
Midline (75%) or near midline (25%)
Elevates on swallowing/protrusion of tongue
Surgery is the only treatment.
18. Developmental Cyst - Branchial Cyst
Remnants of incompletely obliterated branchial clefts/pouches
Located anterior & deep to sternomastoid muscle.
Painless swelling
Young adults
M = F ratio
Unilateral, 75%of cases on left side.
19. Developmental Cyst - Branchial Cyst
Cystic mass anterior to SCM, below mandible
May get infected
Persistence of 2nd branchial cleft
May have small sinus tract into tonsillar fossa
Contains cholesterol crystals
21. Developmental Cyst Sebaceous cyst
A sebaceous cyst is a a benign, harmless growth that
occurs under the skin and tends to be smooth to the
touch.
Ranging in size, sebaceous cysts are usually found on
the scalp, face, neck and ears.
They are formed when the release of sebum, a medium-
thick fluid produced by sebaceous glands in the skin, is
blocked.
22. Developmental Cyst Sebaceous cyst
Unless they become infected and painful or large,
sebaceous cysts do not require medical attention or
treatment, and they usually go away on their own.
If they become infected, the physician may drain the
fluid and cells that make up the cyst wall. Or, if the cyst
causes irritation or cosmetic problems, it may be
removed through a simple excision procedure.
23. Dermoid cyst
A dermoid cyst is a congenital defect (present from birth) that
occurs during embryonic development when the skin layers do
not properly grow together.
A dermoid cyst is lined with epithelium, which contains tissues and
cells normally present in skin layers, including hair follicles,
sebaceous (skin oil), and sweat glands.
These glands and tissues secrete their normal substances which
collect inside the cyst, causing it to grow and enlarge.
24. Ranula
Ranula presents as a Cystic swelling in the floor of mouth.
It occurs as a mucous extravasation from sublingual salivary
gland.•
May extend through the mylohyoid muscles into the neck-
“Plunging Ranula”
Surgical treatment is by removal of the Sublingual gland
associated with the swelling.
25. (iii) Inflammatory Lumps of the Head and
Neck
Cervical Adenitis secondary to acute URTI-tonsillitis,
EBV etc- are common and is detected from history.
26. Inflammatory Lumps of the Head and Neck
Chronic inflammatory disease like Tuberculosis,
Sarcoidosis, Cat Scratch disease.
These disease processes have to be treated medically.
For example, Patients with tuberculous lymphadenitis
should undergo anti-tuberculosis drug therapy.
27. Surgical Management of Infections in the Head
and Neck Region
Submandibular Abscesses, Ludwig’s Angina occur secondary to
odontogenic infections and Parotid or submandibular gland
abscesses etc, need to undergo incision and drainage under G.A,
along antibiotic treatment.
28. (iv) Neoplastic Masses of the Head and
Neck
Neoplastic Masses can be classified into two
types (i.e) benign and malignant masses.
30. Benign Head and Neck Masses
•Any structure of the head and neck may be involved.
Skin, SC Tissue, fat, nerve muscle, blood vessel can be
affected.
For example, Lipoma (Fat), Fibroma (Fibrous tissue),
Hemangioma( Blood vessel), Neuroma (Nerve).
31. Benign Head and Neck Masses
Benign tumors of the Salivary gland like Pleomorphic
adenoma, Warthins tumour etc., can present with a
significant head and neck swelling.
Multinodular goitre, cyst, adenoma can affect the
Thyroid glands.
33. Malignant Masses of the Head and Neck
- Malignant masses can occur anywhere in the upper
aero-digestive tract.
- May also arise from skin and soft and hard tissues of
head and neck-SCC, melanoma
- It can occur from the salivary glands, thyroid gland,
parathyroid gland.
34. Malignant Swellings of the Head and Neck
Head and neck masses are malignant, if they spread to
surrounding tissue. In the head and neck, tumors may
be either primary or secondary.
35. What are primary tumors?
Primary tumors originate in the head or neck itself,
including the thyroid, throat, larynx, salivary gland,
brain, or other locations.
Primary tumors of the head and neck typically spread to
the lymph nodes in the neck.
36. What are secondary tumors ?
Secondary cancers are tumors that have spread from
primary tumors in other parts of the body to the head or
neck.
Most often, secondary tumors of the neck originate in
the lung, breast, kidney, or from melanomas in the skin.
Cancers in the nasal and sinus passages may spread to
the brain through nerves in the skull.
37. Head and Neck Cancer- Squamous Cell.Carcinoma
6th most common cancer worldwide
HNSCC ~ 5% all cancers
S.C.C most common upper aero digestive tract malignancy
Smoking
50% HNSCC occur in oral cavity
Management presents considerable functional and aesthetic
problems
Multidisciplinary approach imperative
38. Treatment of Head and Neck - Squamous Cell
Carcinoma
Removal of Primary tumor + cervical
nodes
Surgery / Radiation / Chemotherapy
Sometimes palliation
Cervical neck disease reduces survival by
50%
39. Lymphomas
Lymphomas are malignant cell infiltrations of the lymphatic
system.
Once a malignancy begins in one part of the lymph system,
it often spreads throughout the rest of the system before it
is detected.
40. Lymphomas
Lymphomas share similar symptoms such as painless
swelling of the lymph nodes, fever and fatigue.
Broadly, they are classified as either non-Hodgkin's and
Hodgkin's.
41. Summary
Head and Neck lumps are not that uncommon
Usually benign in kids
Don’t ignore adult neck lump especially when cause not
apparent.
History and Examination, radiology, FNA
Surgical, Medical, Chemotherapy and radiation
treatment options are available for malignant masses.