An important duty of the mathematics teacher is to train and to develop thinking for students. To accomplish this duty, teachers can organize creative activities for students through activities of solving problems. In particular, there is an effective way to train students to think is that teachers can organize activities of solving problems in many different ways. Based on this idea, we implement an experiment for students in grade 12 to calculate integrals in various ways. The results of the study showed that students were active to find out different solutions to the given problem.
SATISFIABILITY METHODS FOR COLOURING GRAPHScscpconf
The graph colouring problem can be solved using methods based on Satisfiability (SAT). An instance of the problem is defined by a Boolean expression written using Boolean variables and the logical connectives AND, OR and NOT. It has to be determined whether there is an assignment of TRUE and FALSE values to the variables that makes the entire expression true.A SAT problem is syntactically and semantically quite simple. Many Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs)in AI and OR can be formulated in SAT. These make use of two kinds of
searchalgorithms: Deterministic and Randomized.It has been found that deterministic methods when run on hard CSP instances are frequently very slow in execution.A deterministic method always outputs a solution in the end, but it can take an enormous amount of time to do so.This has led to the development of randomized search algorithms like GSAT, which are typically based on local (i.e., neighbourhood) search. Such methodshave been applied very successfully to find good solutions to hard decision problems
SATISFIABILITY METHODS FOR COLOURING GRAPHScscpconf
The graph colouring problem can be solved using methods based on Satisfiability (SAT). An instance of the problem is defined by a Boolean expression written using Boolean variables and the logical connectives AND, OR and NOT. It has to be determined whether there is an assignment of TRUE and FALSE values to the variables that makes the entire expression true.A SAT problem is syntactically and semantically quite simple. Many Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs)in AI and OR can be formulated in SAT. These make use of two kinds of
searchalgorithms: Deterministic and Randomized.It has been found that deterministic methods when run on hard CSP instances are frequently very slow in execution.A deterministic method always outputs a solution in the end, but it can take an enormous amount of time to do so.This has led to the development of randomized search algorithms like GSAT, which are typically based on local (i.e., neighbourhood) search. Such methodshave been applied very successfully to find good solutions to hard decision problems
This provides support material for PSA (Problem Solving Assessment) conducted by CBSE. It has tutorials as well as guidelines along with sample papers
These guidelines are extremely genuine as they are issued by Directorate of Education, Delhi.
umerical algorithm for solving second order nonlinear fuzzy initial value pro...IJECEIAES
The purpose of this analysis would be to provide a computational technique for the numerical solution of second-order nonlinear fuzzy initial value (FIVPs). The idea is based on the reformulation of the fifth order Runge Kutta with six stages (RK56) from crisp domain to the fuzzy domain by using the definitions and properties of fuzzy set theory to be suitable to solve second order nonlinear FIVP numerically. It is shown that the second order nonlinear FIVP can be solved by RK56 by reducing the original nonlinear equation intoa system of couple first order nonlinear FIVP. The findings indicate that the technique is very efficient and simple to implement and satisfy the Fuzzy solution properties. The method’s potential is demonstrated by solving nonlinear second-order FIVP.
Generation of Electricity through Speed Breaker Mechanismtheijes
In the current scenario demand of power is increasing day by day with increasing population. On the other hand energy crisis is also a main issue of today’s life and all there is a shortage of conventional energy resources due to its large usage. So, we have to sort out this problem with a technique which will not only overcome this energy crisis but also should be eco-friendly. Many conventional resources are creating pollution so that’s why focus is towards eco-friendly solution. This project emphasizes on idea which shows that power could be generated by specially designed speed breakers. A large amount of kinetic energy is being wasted on roads on daily basis in different forms which could be use to generate power and this power can be stored in batteries. This project shows clearly how we can generate power by using rack-pinion method where basically linear motion is converted into rotary motion and then can be used to generate electricity. Large amount of electricity can be generated using this method and this method is eco-friendly.
Research on Terminal Distribution Mode of Express System in University Towntheijes
Terminal distribution is the key point in express delivery, because it affects the service quality and customer perception. University park. Huge online shopping orders lead to a lot of problems on terminal distribution in university town. At present, feasible terminal express service pattern in university town are tradition express service point, intelligent delivery lockers and express convenience stores. Taking Shanghai Songjiang university town, for example, has carried on the detailed comparison, An appropriate terminal distribution mode is obtained, from the initial investment costs, operating costs, customer preferences, customers convenient and business situation.
Prevalence of Malaria Infection and Malaria Anaemia among Children Attending ...theijes
Malaria associated anaemia represent a major public health problem. Thestudy considered Out-Patient children at Emergency Paediatric Unit, Federal Medical Centre, Yola aged 6 months-15 years from June to November 2015. Questionnaires were used to collect information relating to gender, age and parents/guardians sociodemographic characteristics. Microscopic examination of Thick and Thin blood films a technique was employed, Pack Cell Volumewas used to screen for anaemia. Of the 168 children sampled, the prevalence of malaria infection and malaria anaemia was 29.2% and 26.2% respectively and it was associated with P. falciparum. Malaria infection in relation to anaemia, children with mild anaemia (47.6%) had the highest infection rate. It was observed that malaria infection was higher among males (32.2%) than the females (25.6%), age group 5-9 years (34.2%) had the highest malaria infection and least was ≥15 years (20.0%) but these were statistically insignificant within gender and age of the children and malaria infection (p˃0.05). Higher malaria infection among children whose parents/guardians were unemployed (38.5%), attended primary education (52.6%) and reside in village setting (31.4%). Malaria anaemia in relation to children epidemiological data, males (31.6%), 5-9 years (31.6%) recorded with high prevalence rate while sociodemographic characteristics of parents/guardians, children whose parents/guardians were civil servant (18.9%), attended tertiary education (13.8%) and live in quarters (11.1%) had the least prevalence rate of malaria anaemia. Children gender, parents/guardians occupation and educational qualification were significantly associated with malaria anaemia (p˂0.05). Therefore, parents/guardians sociodemographic factors such as better occupation, higher educational qualification and well layout and refined area of residence reduces the prevalence of malaria infection and malaria anaemia in children. There is need to sensitized public on the importance of management of malaria and the possible effects of malaria anaemia on children in order to circumvent the menace.
Failure Analysis of Feedstock Preheater Unit of the Kaduna Refinery using Fai...theijes
The use of failure modes effects and criticality analysis (FMECA) as a failure or reliability analysis tool, checks the probabilities that an item will perform a required function under stated condition(s) when operated properly.Failure analysis of process equipment is an important issue in any process industry. This study aims at analyzing the failure of feedstock preheater unit of the Kaduna Refining and Petrochemicals (KRPC), Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit (FCCU), using the failure mode, effects and criticality analysis (FMECA). The unit failure and its effects were identified through seven sub-units (fresh feed surge drum, heavy naphtha exchanger, light cycle oil exchanger, heavy cycle oil exchanger, fractionator bottom exchanger, feed preheater and fresh feed charge pump), using the failure mode effects analysis (FMEA). Both quantitative and qualitative criticality analyses (CA) were used for failure analysis of the unit (feedstock preheater). For the qualitative analysis, items risk priority number (RPN) were computed and it was found that, four sub-units (heavy naphtha exchanger, main fractionator bottom exchanger, feedstock preheater, and fresh feed charge pump) had their Risk Priority Number (RPN) greater than 200, these sub-units are said to be critical. Three of the sub-units (fresh feed surge drum, light cycle oil exchanger, and heavy cycle oil exchanger) had their RPN less than 200, these sub-units are said to be less critical. For the quantitative analysis, items criticality number (Cr) were computed and it was found that most of the sub-units had their Cr>0.002. In addition, the results of the criticality matrix showed that, eight out of the sixteen failure modes identified were above or closely below the criticality line. Finally, FMECA was effectively used for failure analysis of the feedstock preheater andpredictive maintenance was recommended.
This provides support material for PSA (Problem Solving Assessment) conducted by CBSE. It has tutorials as well as guidelines along with sample papers
These guidelines are extremely genuine as they are issued by Directorate of Education, Delhi.
umerical algorithm for solving second order nonlinear fuzzy initial value pro...IJECEIAES
The purpose of this analysis would be to provide a computational technique for the numerical solution of second-order nonlinear fuzzy initial value (FIVPs). The idea is based on the reformulation of the fifth order Runge Kutta with six stages (RK56) from crisp domain to the fuzzy domain by using the definitions and properties of fuzzy set theory to be suitable to solve second order nonlinear FIVP numerically. It is shown that the second order nonlinear FIVP can be solved by RK56 by reducing the original nonlinear equation intoa system of couple first order nonlinear FIVP. The findings indicate that the technique is very efficient and simple to implement and satisfy the Fuzzy solution properties. The method’s potential is demonstrated by solving nonlinear second-order FIVP.
Generation of Electricity through Speed Breaker Mechanismtheijes
In the current scenario demand of power is increasing day by day with increasing population. On the other hand energy crisis is also a main issue of today’s life and all there is a shortage of conventional energy resources due to its large usage. So, we have to sort out this problem with a technique which will not only overcome this energy crisis but also should be eco-friendly. Many conventional resources are creating pollution so that’s why focus is towards eco-friendly solution. This project emphasizes on idea which shows that power could be generated by specially designed speed breakers. A large amount of kinetic energy is being wasted on roads on daily basis in different forms which could be use to generate power and this power can be stored in batteries. This project shows clearly how we can generate power by using rack-pinion method where basically linear motion is converted into rotary motion and then can be used to generate electricity. Large amount of electricity can be generated using this method and this method is eco-friendly.
Research on Terminal Distribution Mode of Express System in University Towntheijes
Terminal distribution is the key point in express delivery, because it affects the service quality and customer perception. University park. Huge online shopping orders lead to a lot of problems on terminal distribution in university town. At present, feasible terminal express service pattern in university town are tradition express service point, intelligent delivery lockers and express convenience stores. Taking Shanghai Songjiang university town, for example, has carried on the detailed comparison, An appropriate terminal distribution mode is obtained, from the initial investment costs, operating costs, customer preferences, customers convenient and business situation.
Prevalence of Malaria Infection and Malaria Anaemia among Children Attending ...theijes
Malaria associated anaemia represent a major public health problem. Thestudy considered Out-Patient children at Emergency Paediatric Unit, Federal Medical Centre, Yola aged 6 months-15 years from June to November 2015. Questionnaires were used to collect information relating to gender, age and parents/guardians sociodemographic characteristics. Microscopic examination of Thick and Thin blood films a technique was employed, Pack Cell Volumewas used to screen for anaemia. Of the 168 children sampled, the prevalence of malaria infection and malaria anaemia was 29.2% and 26.2% respectively and it was associated with P. falciparum. Malaria infection in relation to anaemia, children with mild anaemia (47.6%) had the highest infection rate. It was observed that malaria infection was higher among males (32.2%) than the females (25.6%), age group 5-9 years (34.2%) had the highest malaria infection and least was ≥15 years (20.0%) but these were statistically insignificant within gender and age of the children and malaria infection (p˃0.05). Higher malaria infection among children whose parents/guardians were unemployed (38.5%), attended primary education (52.6%) and reside in village setting (31.4%). Malaria anaemia in relation to children epidemiological data, males (31.6%), 5-9 years (31.6%) recorded with high prevalence rate while sociodemographic characteristics of parents/guardians, children whose parents/guardians were civil servant (18.9%), attended tertiary education (13.8%) and live in quarters (11.1%) had the least prevalence rate of malaria anaemia. Children gender, parents/guardians occupation and educational qualification were significantly associated with malaria anaemia (p˂0.05). Therefore, parents/guardians sociodemographic factors such as better occupation, higher educational qualification and well layout and refined area of residence reduces the prevalence of malaria infection and malaria anaemia in children. There is need to sensitized public on the importance of management of malaria and the possible effects of malaria anaemia on children in order to circumvent the menace.
Failure Analysis of Feedstock Preheater Unit of the Kaduna Refinery using Fai...theijes
The use of failure modes effects and criticality analysis (FMECA) as a failure or reliability analysis tool, checks the probabilities that an item will perform a required function under stated condition(s) when operated properly.Failure analysis of process equipment is an important issue in any process industry. This study aims at analyzing the failure of feedstock preheater unit of the Kaduna Refining and Petrochemicals (KRPC), Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit (FCCU), using the failure mode, effects and criticality analysis (FMECA). The unit failure and its effects were identified through seven sub-units (fresh feed surge drum, heavy naphtha exchanger, light cycle oil exchanger, heavy cycle oil exchanger, fractionator bottom exchanger, feed preheater and fresh feed charge pump), using the failure mode effects analysis (FMEA). Both quantitative and qualitative criticality analyses (CA) were used for failure analysis of the unit (feedstock preheater). For the qualitative analysis, items risk priority number (RPN) were computed and it was found that, four sub-units (heavy naphtha exchanger, main fractionator bottom exchanger, feedstock preheater, and fresh feed charge pump) had their Risk Priority Number (RPN) greater than 200, these sub-units are said to be critical. Three of the sub-units (fresh feed surge drum, light cycle oil exchanger, and heavy cycle oil exchanger) had their RPN less than 200, these sub-units are said to be less critical. For the quantitative analysis, items criticality number (Cr) were computed and it was found that most of the sub-units had their Cr>0.002. In addition, the results of the criticality matrix showed that, eight out of the sixteen failure modes identified were above or closely below the criticality line. Finally, FMECA was effectively used for failure analysis of the feedstock preheater andpredictive maintenance was recommended.
Reliability Prediction of Port Harcourt Electricity Distribution Network Usin...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science would take much care in making your article published without much delay with your kind cooperation
Comparative Investigation Ofinter-Satellite Optical Wireless Communication By...theijes
The optical wireless communication systems have got greater popularity in the previous couple of years because of its benefit over conventional radio frequency conversation structures. This paper reviews the effect of the usage of NRZ ,RZ and Gaussian pulse generator modulation codecs on the performance of the optical wireless communique (OWC) channel in terms of Quality factor aspect and Minimum BERat bit rate of 10 Gbps. It has been watched that NRZ function generator gives better execution for optical wireless association conversely with RZ and Gaussian association for different values of aperture diameters and range.
Simulation of Deep-Drawing Process of Large Panelstheijes
The article deals with the analysis of formability of deep-drawing DC06 steel sheets. The aim of the investigations is to verify possibilities of formability of sheet metal with thickness of 0.85 mm. The mechanical parameters of the sheets have been determined in uniaxial tensile and bulge tests. The numerical simulations using AUTOFORM has been carried out for two drawpiece models. Obtained results can be used during the simulation of real forming process.
On Integrablity Of F-Structure Satisfying F 2K+1 +F=0theijes
The purpose of this paper is to study integrability of the F-structure satisying F 2K+1+ F=0, where K is a positive integer. Nijenhuis tensor, metric F-structure, fundamental 2-form have also been discussed.
Stratigraphy and Lithology of Naokelekan Formation in Iraqi Kurdistan-Reviewtheijes
The study depends on analyses of slabs, thin sections, and smear slides of 44 samples of 18 outcrops of Naokelekan Formation from Iraqi Kurdistan. The study revealed that the age of Naokelekan Formation is Callovian-Upper Oxfordian. The Cyclagelosphaera margerelii sp. indicates restricted marine environment while the Watznaueria barnesiae sp. point to high latitude geographic location of depositional basin which was warm water that was characterized by low-nutrient. The field observations and nannofossils revealed that the Middle and Upper parts of Naokelekan Formation either eroded or were not deposited in uppermost northwestern Iraq.
Wind-induced Stress Analysis of Front Bumpertheijes
At high velocities, such as on highways, the relative velocity between the oncoming wind and side winds is very high. The high velocity winds that act on the bumper induce certain stresses on it. These stresses may cause deformation of the bumper; if this deformation exceeds a predesigned value, the functionality of the bumper may be hampered. This may result in safety issues and other design issues. In this paper, the effect and nature of these stresses have been quantified by conducting a wind-induced stress analysis on a model of the bumper. The bumper selected is that of Jeep Wrangler and the modelling is done on Creo 2.2. The CFD simulation and structural analysis is conducted on Ansys Workbench 15. The structural analysis and fluid flow data is summarized alongwith the deformation and induced stress values.
Comparison of Routing protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Detailed Surveytheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science would take much care in making your article published without much delay with your kind cooperation
Effect of Utilizing Geometer’s Sketchpad Software on Students’ Academic Achie...theijes
The study is carried out in order to measure the effectiveness of “Geometer’s Sketchpad software” inside the classroom environment and analyzed how this training is helping high school students while solving mathematics problems. In order to measure the effectiveness, regression and co-relation analysis has been done and finally the mean responses have been analyzed to evaluate the method effectiveness correctly on SPSS computer statistic program.
Design of Multi Link Structure for Rear Suspenion of a Heavy Vehicletheijes
Automobile systems today is going through major changes and as concert to comfort the suspension system and it’s working is very important. The study of four link suspension system and dynamic analysis are discussed in this paper. This paper discusses the design problem of vehicles using four-link suspension systems with the aim of totally optimizing vehicle handling and stability. Since this problem includes many evaluation items, and Four-link suspension system has interconnected behaviour, the optimization is so complicated. An efficient and computable model is indispensable for compromising the total optimization. This paper investigates a structure of objectives, introduces appropriate simulation models for respective items; we apply multi body dynamic analysis to plot the varies terms such as wheel travel, camber angle, caster angle, toe-in, toe-out etc. The result of optimization calculation shows the validity of the optimization model
The Effect of Profitability on Firm Value in Manufacturing Company at Indones...theijes
The purpose of study was to analyze and explain the effect of profitability on firm value. The data used in this study was secondary data obtained from a manufacturing company located in the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population of this research is manufacturing various industry sub-sectors listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange as research objects. Period manufacturing various industry sub-sectors used in the study covers a period of six years, i.e. 2009 to 2014. The method of data analysis used in this study was path analysis which is a multiple regression equation groove connected simultaneously, and technical analysis the data in this study using analysis software SmartPLS 2.0. The results of data analysis proves that the profitability has affect the firm value because the value is a positive on the achievement of profit to justify the payment of dividends, so the stock price will increase because the company showed a positive signal to pay dividends.
Interleaved High Step-Down Synchronous Convertertheijes
For low output voltage, high output current systems applications, Synchronous switching power converters give better performance than non synchronous converters. This paper presents an interleaved synchronous buck converter which has low switch voltage stress with high conversion ratio. The input current can be shared among the inductors so that high reliability and efficiency can be obtained and ripples also reduced, the converter performance can be improved. Thus converter features automatic uniform current sharing characteristic of the interleaved phases without adding extra circuitry or complex control methods. Capacitors switching circuits are combined with interleaved four-phase buck converter for getting a high step-down conversion ratio without adopting an extreme short duty ratio. Synchronous rectifier technology is adopted to increase the converter efficiency. A 30V input voltage, 1.8V output voltage, circuit is simulated to verify the performance. The simulation is done in MATLAB/SIMULINK R2012a.
Application of Very Low Frequency- Electromagnetic (VLF-EM) Method to Map Fra...theijes
Geophysical survey involving very low frequency electromagnetic technique was applied to investigate possible geologic features like fractured / conductive zones in Auchi and its environs in Edo state, Southwestern Nigeria. The study area is located within latitudes 7o 05’ N.to 7o 10’N. and longitudes 6 o 11’E to 6o 22’E The geologic Formations outcroping in the area are mainly Ajali and Nsukka. Three profiles were taken along the roads from Auchi to Igara, Auchi to Fugar and Auchi to Uloke using Abem Wadi Terrameter. Plots of the profiles were carried out using computer software (Excel) and contouring using Surfer 10 to delineate the fractured/conductive zones. The values range from 0.3 to 22.5 Siemens. Areas of low conductivity values indicate highly massive resistive rocks while Areas of high conductivity indicates the sedimentary terrain/ host rock or mineralized zones. The area is sparsely (few) fractured. Along profile A, two fractured zones were identified with conductivity values of 7.6 to16.8 Siemens between 100m(7.146oN,6.195oE) to 400m (7.150oN, 6.200oE) and 420m to 460m with conductivity value range of 11.0 to 22.5 Siemens. For profile B, one fractured zone was identified and a stretch of massive intrusive from 7.099oN and 7.102oN and 6.357oE to 6.364oE, with conductivity range of 0.9 – 5.2 Siemens at points 400m and 520m – 1000m. Profile C has identifiable fractured zones at 900m – 1100m with conductivity of (35 – 50) Siemens. The intrusive/ host rock conductivity values of (0.3 – 8.7) Siemens located at 380m to 880m 7.156oN and 6.308oE, 1100m to 2000m, 7.148oN and 6.3295oE. A total of five conductive zones were observed.
Effect of Malting and Fermentation on the Proximate Composition and Sensory P...theijes
Four maize flour samples comprising non-malted non-fermented maize (NMNFZ), non-malted fermented maize (NMFZ), malted non-fermented maize (MNFZ), malted fermented maize (MFZ) flour were blended with African yam bean flour to yield test flours consisting of NMNFZB, NMFZB, MNFZB and MFZB with 16g protein/100g flour each. Native maize flour was used as control. The test flours were used for production of tortilla designated as NMNFZBT, NMFZBT, MNFZBT and MFZBT respectively with NT (native tortilla) as control. Proximate composition and sensory attributes of the tortilla products were evaluated using standard methods. Malting and fermentation resulted in apparent increase in protein content of maize from 11.25g/100g solids (NMNFZ) to 11.67g/100g solids (MFZ). Complementation with African yam bean increased the protein content of the test flours. Crude protein values of the tortilla products ranged from 16.27g/100g solids (NMNFZBT) to 21.68g/100g solids (MFZBT). The MFZBT had the lowest carbohydrate content (59.17g/100g solids) while NMNFZBT had the highest value of 68.87g/100g solids. MFZBT had the highest values of 8.75, 1.35 and 5.77g/100g solids for moisture, fibre and ash contents respectively. NMNFZBT had the highest energy value of 1510.11kJ/100g. The flavour of the tortillas improved significantly (p<0.05) with MFZBT having the highest overall acceptability mean score (8.30±0.20).
Comparable Analysis of Web Mining Categoriestheijes
Web Data Mining is the current field of analysis which is a combination of two research area known as Data Mining and World Wide Web. Web Data Mining research associates with various research diversities like Database, Artificial Intelligence and Information redeem. The mining techniques are categorized into various categories namely Web Content Mining, Web Structure Mining and Web Usage Mining. In this work, analysis of mining techniques are done. From the analysis it has been concluded that Web Content Mining has unstructured or semi- structure view of data whereas Web Structure Mining have linked structure and Web Usage Mining mainly includes interaction.
Problem-Solving Capacity of Students: A Study of Solving Problems in Differen...theijes
Training towards the development of the capacity of learners has become an inevitable trend of world education. Vietnamese education also emphasizes the comprehensive development of the capacity and the quality of students. In mathematics teaching, there are some notable capacities such as problem-solving capacity, cooperation capacity, capacity for using mathematical language, computing capacity and so on. In particular, the problem-solving capacity is very important to students because it helps them to solve problems not only in mathematics but also in practice. In this paper, we want to investigate the problem-solving capacity of students in primary schools through a problem required to solve in different ways. The results of the study showed that students had enough the problem-solving capacity to find out various solutions to the given problem
A Case Study of Teaching the Concept of Differential in Mathematics Teacher T...theijes
In high schools of Viet Nam, teaching calculus includes the knowledge of the real function with a real variable. A mathematics educator in France, Artigue (1996) has shown that the methods and approximate techniques are the centers of the major problems (including number approximation and function approximation...) in calculus. However, in teaching mathematics in Vietnam, the problems of approximation almost do not appear. With the task of training mathematics teachers in high schools under the new orientations, we present a part of our research with the goal of improving the contents and methods of teacher training
Hybrid Block Method for the Solution of First Order Initial Value Problems of...iosrjce
Method of collocation of the differential system and interpolation of the approximate solution which
is a combination of power series and exponential function at some selected grid and off-grid points to generate
a linear multistep method which is implemented in block method is considered in this paper. The basic
properties of the block method which include; consistency, convergence and stability interval is verified. The
method is tested on some numerical experiments and found to have better stability condition and better
approximation than the existing methods
A Study on Differential Equations on the Sphere Using Leapfrog Methodiosrjce
In this article, a new method of analysis of the differential equations on the sphere using Leapfrog
method is presented. To illustrate the effectiveness of the Leapfrog method, an example of the differential
equations on the sphere has been considered and the solutions were obtained using methods taken taken from
the literature [17] and Leapfrog method. The obtained discrete solutions are compared with the exact solutions
of the differential equations on the sphere. Solution graphs for the differential equations on the sphere have
been presented in the graphical form to show the efficiency of this Leapfrog method. This Leapfrog method can
be easily implemented in a digital computer and the solution can be obtained for any length of time
Computer Science
Active and Programmable Networks
Active safety systems
Ad Hoc & Sensor Network
Ad hoc networks for pervasive communications
Adaptive, autonomic and context-aware computing
Advance Computing technology and their application
Advanced Computing Architectures and New Programming Models
Advanced control and measurement
Aeronautical Engineering,
Agent-based middleware
Alert applications
Automotive, marine and aero-space control and all other control applications
Autonomic and self-managing middleware
Autonomous vehicle
Biochemistry
Bioinformatics
BioTechnology(Chemistry, Mathematics, Statistics, Geology)
Broadband and intelligent networks
Broadband wireless technologies
CAD/CAM/CAT/CIM
Call admission and flow/congestion control
Capacity planning and dimensioning
Changing Access to Patient Information
Channel capacity modelling and analysis
Civil Engineering,
Cloud Computing and Applications
Collaborative applications
Communication application
Communication architectures for pervasive computing
Communication systems
Computational intelligence
Computer and microprocessor-based control
Computer Architecture and Embedded Systems
Computer Business
Computer Sciences and Applications
Computer Vision
Computer-based information systems in health care
Computing Ethics
Computing Practices & Applications
Congestion and/or Flow Control
Content Distribution
Context-awareness and middleware
Creativity in Internet management and retailing
Cross-layer design and Physical layer based issue
Cryptography
Data Base Management
Data fusion
Data Mining
Data retrieval
Data Storage Management
Decision analysis methods
Decision making
Digital Economy and Digital Divide
Digital signal processing theory
Distributed Sensor Networks
Drives automation
Drug Design,
Drug Development
DSP implementation
E-Business
E-Commerce
E-Government
Electronic transceiver device for Retail Marketing Industries
Electronics Engineering,
Embeded Computer System
Emerging advances in business and its applications
Emerging signal processing areas
Enabling technologies for pervasive systems
Energy-efficient and green pervasive computing
Environmental Engineering,
Estimation and identification techniques
Evaluation techniques for middleware solutions
Event-based, publish/subscribe, and message-oriented middleware
Evolutionary computing and intelligent systems
Expert approaches
Facilities planning and management
Flexible manufacturing systems
Formal methods and tools for designing
Fuzzy algorithms
Fuzzy logics
GPS and location-based app
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Comparative Analysis of Different Numerical Methods of Solving First Order Di...ijtsrd
A mathematical equation which relates various function with its derivatives is known as a differential equation.. It is a well known and popular field of mathematics because of its vast application area to the real world problems such as mechanical vibrations, theory of heat transfer, electric circuits etc. In this paper, we compare some methods of solving differential equations in numerical analysis with classical method and see the accuracy level of the same. Which will helpful to the readers to understand the importance and usefulness of these methods. Chandrajeet Singh Yadav"Comparative Analysis of Different Numerical Methods of Solving First Order Differential Equation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd13045.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/mathemetics/applied-mathematics/13045/comparative-analysis-of-different-numerical-methods-of-solving-first-order-differential-equation/chandrajeet-singh-yadav
EXACT SOLUTIONS OF A FAMILY OF HIGHER-DIMENSIONAL SPACE-TIME FRACTIONAL KDV-T...cscpconf
In this paper, based on the definition of conformable fractional derivative, the functional
variable method (FVM) is proposed to seek the exact traveling wave solutions of two higherdimensional
space-time fractional KdV-type equations in mathematical physics, namely the
(3+1)-dimensional space–time fractional Zakharov-Kuznetsov (ZK) equation and the (2+1)-
dimensional space–time fractional Generalized Zakharov-Kuznetsov-Benjamin-Bona-Mahony
(GZK-BBM) equation. Some new solutions are procured and depicted. These solutions, which
contain kink-shaped, singular kink, bell-shaped soliton, singular soliton and periodic wave
solutions, have many potential applications in mathematical physics and engineering. The
simplicity and reliability of the proposed method is verified.
1. Assume that an algorithm to solve a problem takes f(n) microse.docxSONU61709
1. Assume that an algorithm to solve a problem takes f(n) microseconds for some function f of the input size n. For each time t labeled across the top, determine the exact largest value of n which can be solved in time f(n) where f(n) ≤ t. Use a calculator! You will find it helpful to convert the t values to microseconds, and you may find it helpful to insert a row for n. Note that “lg n” is the log2 n. Note that the only row you can’t write out the values for fully is the “lg n” row—only there may you write 2x for the appropriate value of x. Use the Windows built-in scientific calculator (under Accessories menu) as necessary. A couple values are filled in to get you started. Important: “exact values” means precisely that. Check your answers with values above and below!
Time t =
f(n) =
1 second
1 hour
1 day
1 month
=30 days
n2
1,609,968
lg n
n3
2n
n lg n
2,755,147,513
2. Use loop counting to give a O( ) characterization of each of the following loops basing each upon the size of its input:
a. Algorithm Loop1(n):
s ← 0
for i ← 1 to n do
s ← s + i
b. Algorithm Loop2(p):
p ← 1
for i ← 1 to 2n do
p ← p * i
c. Algorithm Loop3(n):
p ← 1
for j ← 1 to n2 do
p ← p * i
d. Algorithm Loop4(n):
s ← 0
for j ← 1 to 2n do
for k ← 1 to j do
s ← s + j
e. Algorithm Loop5(n):
k ← 0
for r ← 1 to n2 do
for s ← 1 to r do
k ← k + r
3. Order the following functions from smallest to largest by their big-O notation—you can use the letters in your answer rather than copying each formula. Be clear which is smallest and which is largest, and which functions are asymptotically equivalent. For example, if g, h, and m are all O(n lg n), you would write g = h = m = O(n lg n).
a. 562 log3 108
b. n3
c. 2n lg n
d. lg nn
e. n3 lg n
f. (n3 lg n3)/2
g. nn
h. 56n
i. log5 (n!)
j. ncos n
k. n / lg n
l. lg* n
m.
4. a. Which of these equations is true, and why?
b. Which of these is smaller for very large n?
Trisecting the Circle: A Case for Euclidean Geometry
Author(s): Alfred S. Posamentier
Source: The Mathematics Teacher, Vol. 99, No. 6 (FEBRUARY 2006), pp. 414-418
Published by: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27972006
Accessed: 09-02-2018 18:19 UTC
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Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
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Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
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Technical Drawings introduction to drawing of prisms
Different Solutions to a Mathematical Problem: A Case Study of Calculus 12
1. The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES)
|| Volume || 5 || Issue || 8 || Pages || PP -40-44|| 2016 ||
ISSN (e): 2319 – 1813 ISSN (p): 2319 – 1805
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 40
Different Solutions to a Mathematical Problem: A Case Study of
Calculus 12
Nguyen Phu Loc1*,
Duong Huu Tong2,
Huynh Huu Dao Vu3
1,2
School of Education, Can Tho University, Vietnam
3
Tran Ngoc Hoang High School, Can Tho City
--------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT-----------------------------------------------------------
An important duty of the mathematics teacher is to train and to develop thinking for students. To accomplish
this duty, teachers can organize creative activities for students through activities of solving problems. In
particular, there is an effective way to train students to think is that teachers can organize activities of solving
problems in many different ways. Based on this idea, we implement an experiment for students in grade 12 to
calculate integrals in various ways. The results of the study showed that students were active to find out
different solutions to the given problem.
Keywords: Calculus teaching, mathematics education, multi-solution to a problem, problem solving
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Date of Submission: 17 May 2016 Date of Accepted: 10 August 2016
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. INTRODUCTION
Solving a problem in different ways has an important significance for the teaching of mathematics. Polya (1973,
6.61) insisted that encouraging students to get different results can help them obtain even the more elegant
solutions. To be able to solve the problem in different ways, students need to mobilize as much relevant
knowledge, then they continue to analyze, synthesize and evaluate the facts of the problem and finally find a
reasonable explanation. That process requires students to use the necessary thinking operations and logical
reasoning. Silver, Ghousseini, Gosen, Charalambous & Strawhun, (2005, p.228) argued that different solutions
can facilitate the connection of a problem with the various elements of the knowledge with which a student may
be familiar, thus leading to strengthen the networks of related ideas.
In reality, the current calculus 12 (Giải tích 12) textbook in Vietnam provides students with many problems
about calculating integrals (Hao, 2006). However, in our study, there is no any problem that requires students to
solve in many different ways. In this case study, we want to find out the answer to the following question:
The research question: For a mathematical problem with requirement of solving in different ways, are students
active to find out various solutions to the problem?
II. METHODOLOGY
2.1. Participants
The experiment was carried out in class 12A2 at the high school of Tran Ngoc Hoang, Can Tho City.
This class consisted of 31 students.
Time: started at 9 45 and ended 10:00, 01/29/2015.
2.2. Instrument and procedure
Students were requested to solve the following problem:
Calculate the following integral in different ways:
2
0
sin
4
I x d x
.
Students worked individually (15 minutes). Students had to solve the problem printed on a paper. Every student's
behavior was shown on assignments. More specifically, students showed their ability in dealing with solving the
problem in various ways.
2.2.3. Pre-analyzing the problem
a. The class context of the experimental problem
The problem was organized for students after they had completed the primitive and integral topics. In particular,
the methods of finding primitive were mentioned.
b. The solutions expected to the problem
2. Preparation of Papers for the International Journal of Engineering and Science
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 41
Table 1 shows the possible solutions to the problem
Table 1: The solutions expected to the problem
Code Solution strategy Solution
S1 Applying the
definition of
primitive
'
2 2 2
0 0 0
sin co s co s
4 4 4
I x d x x d x x
2 2
cos cos 0
4 4 2 2
S2 Changing the
function under the
integral sign in the
supply side
2 2 2
0 0 0
sin co s sin
4 4 4
I x d x x d x x
3 2 2
sin sin 0
4 4 2 2
S3 Using the
relationship
between the odd
property of function
and its integral on
an interval.
Let
4
t x d x d t
. Therefore, 0 ,
4 2 4
x t x t
4 4
4 4
sin sinI td t td t
sinf t t is odd on ;
4 4
, then
4 4
4 4
sin sin 0I td t td t
S4 Using derivative
spellings 2 2 2
0 0 0
sin sin co s
4 4 4 4
I x d x x d x x
2 2
co s co s 0
4 4 2 2
S5 Changing the
function under the
integral sign in the
addition formula
2 2 2
0 0 0
2
sin sin cos cos sin cos sin
4 4 4 2
I x dx x x dx x x dx
2
0
2 2
sin co s sin co s sin 0 co s 0 0
2 2 2 2
x x
S6 Changing variables,
changing the limits
of the integral
Let
4
t x d x d t
. Therefore, 0 ,
4 2 4
x t x t
4 4
4
4
4 4
2 2
sin sin cos cos cos 0
4 4 2 2
I tdt tdt t
S7 Changing variables,
but do not change
the limits of the
integral
Let
2
t x d t d x
. Therefore, 0 , 0
2 2
x t x t
0 2
0
2
sin sin
4 4
I t d t t d t
3. Preparation of Papers for the International Journal of Engineering and Science
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 42
2
0
3 2 2
co s co s co s 0
4 4 4 2 2
t
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table 2: Statistics of the number of students with the right strategies, and the right solutions
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5
Number of
students
29 (93.5%) 14 (45.2%) 31 (100%) 18 (58.1%) 31 (100%)
Number of
students
doing
correctly
9 (31%) 12 (85.7%) 14 (45.2%) 17 (94.4%) 28 (90.3%)
The Table 2 indicated that the dominant solutions belonged to S5 (31/31 students, at 100% respectively). In
general, the participants were in the right direction, i.e., using integral’s linear property by converting the given
integral into addition (or subtraction) of the two integrals which might be used directly in the primitive table.
Moreover, some of them also added the formula sin sin co s co s sina b a b a b in their work. This could be
explained easily since these participants were familiar with applying the theoretical basis in solving problems.
Three students (representing 9.68 %) had inaccurate answers.
The solution of S3 was also as good as that of S5 (31/31 students, approximately 100%). However, only 14
students (representing 45.16 %) had the correct answers when choosing this strategy. Most errors were caused by
using wrong values after changing integral variables. Understanding from the concept of definite integrals on
; ,a b a b might lead learners to this mistake though they had been noted that: "In the case of a b or a b ,
there is a convention that 0;
a b a
a a b
f x d x f x d x f x d x " , [ 2 , p.105 ] .
S1 solution was also chosen by many participants (29/31 students, accounted for 93.55%). In general, learners
had mastered primitive concept and consciously had a focus on this method. Though so, only 9 students
(representing 31.03%) got the correct answer. This might be apparently explained as in the current textbook
program, assignments can be solved through specifically formulas in the primitive table, i.e., changing variables
or solving through another unknown factor. Students do not probably have many opportunities to practice this
method when they do not practice finding different ways to get a problem result.
S4 solution was also taken by a number of learners (18/31 students, accounted for 58.06%). This was the highest
rate for those who had the right answer (17/18 students, accounted for 94.44%) when selecting and presenting
solutions by this method. Reflecting on the advantages (and disadvantages) of each solution in the survey
showed the superiority of differential method.
S2 solution was the least one to be chosen, because most students claimed that there was no difference between
two primitive functions: sin , and cos
4 4
x x
. These functions were available in the extended primitive
table. Meanwhile, for some students, finding primitive functions of cos
4
x
helped them to limit sign errors.
In other words, sin 1 cos cos
4 4 4
x dx x C x C
might lead to sign errors, while
cos sin
4 4
x dx x C
rarely caused minus sign missing as in the previous function.
The errors that students might deal with when presenting solutions in different ways include these things.
Some of them wrote redundant symbols while transforming function under the integral sign (6 attendants). One
example of this error was student 19’s paper:
2
0
sin co s co s
4 2 4 4
x d x x x
. In addition, a
few students missed the arc sign, or got the incorrect arc of trigonometric functions (4 students). Here was the
4. Preparation of Papers for the International Journal of Engineering and Science
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 43
error of H31:
2 2 2 2
0 0 0 0
2 2 2 2
co s sin sin co s
2 2 2 2
xd x xd x x
. Meanwhile, the right answer should be:
2 2 2 2
0 0 0 0
2 2 2 2
co s sin sin co s
2 2 2 2
xd x xd x x x
. Besides, there are 6 attendants had the wrong sign. Here
was the error in H5’s task
2 2
0 0
sin sin
4 4 4
x d x x d x
, which was supposed to be written as:
2 2
0 0
sin sin
4 4 4
x d x x d x
. Another issue was that there were also 2 students having the wrong
approach
2 4
0 0
sin co s
4 4
x d x x d x
while the correct answer would be:
2 2
0 0
sin co s
4 4
x d x x d x
.
There are plenty of students (12 students) lacked the upper and lower values after finding
primitive
2
'
0
co s
4
sin
4
4
x
x d x
x
. They should write:
2
2
'
0
0
co s
4
sin
4
4
x
x d x
x
.
Other students also lacked dx in their paper. Here was the error of one learner in H15
2 2
0 0
sin co s
4 4
x d x x
, while the right way is
2 2
0 0
sin co s
4 4
x d x x d x
. The most serious
mistakes belonged to two participants who developed the wrong trigonometric formulas:
sin sin sina b a b . Meanwhile, there were 6 others who lacked derivative notation sign:
2
2
0
0
co s
4
sin
4
4
x
x d x
x
. These students should write:
2
2
'
0
0
co s
4
sin
4
4
x
x d x
x
. Some also
applied the wrong primitives formula
2
2
0 0
sin co s
4 4
x d x x
, which should be understood as
2
2
0 0
sin 1 co s
4 4
x d x x
. Finally, only one student did not find the differential when he changed
the variables in his paper. Overall, besides the majority of students who had the right solutions differently, the
rest ones still had difficulty in the given problem.
Table 3: Statistics of students according to their right solutions
Numbers of
solutions
0 1 2 3 4 5
Numbers of
students
0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 1 (3.2%) 7 (22.6%) 23 (74.2%)
5. Preparation of Papers for the International Journal of Engineering and Science
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 44
Table 3 showed that students tried to find out different solutions to the problem. The strength of the experimental
group was that they all had 3 or more correct solutions. Among these, 74.2% accounted for 23 students with 5
right solutions. This showed that they had used pretty well the integral knowledge in current textbooks, thereby
contributing to the formation of their intellectual qualities. Besides, there were 7 students with 22.6%
respectively who had 4 correct methods, and most of them were not successful in using the arc formula. Among
31 experimental attendants, only 15 ones calculated integrals in three ways. The reason was that these students
did not solve the problems by transforming trigonometry method.
IV. CONCLUSIONS
The data analysis has pointed out the answers to the research questions: the students were active to solve the
problem in different ways. In particular, learners have really exploited the necessary knowledge in textbook to
give out reasonable explanation for their solutions, indirectly contributed to the training and improving learners’
critical thinking. Another notable conclusion is that there are still a lot of mistakes when students calculate the
integral relating to missing dx , lacking upper and lower values, using wrong primitive formulas, wrong values,
and not memorizing trigonometric formulas, etc. We believe that this is an interesting and essential research
topic which can be further studied in the near future.
REFERENCES
[1]. Hao, T. V (editor),. (2006). Calculus 12 (Giải tích 12), Hanoi: Publishing house Giáo dục. (in Vietnamese)
[2]. Polya, G. (1973). How to solve it. A new aspect of mathematical method. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
[3]. Silver, E. A., Ghousseini, H., Gosen, D., Charalambous, C., & Font Strawhun, B. T. (2005). Moving from rhetoric to praxis:
Issues faced by teachers in having students consider multiple solutions for problems in the mathematics classroom. Journal of
Mathematical Behavior, 24, 287–301.