The document outlines the key components of a computer system. It describes the motherboard as the component that wires all other parts together. The processor, or CPU, is identified as the "brains" that interprets code and makes it usable for the operating system. Other components mentioned include the CPU cooler, RAM for temporary data storage, graphics card for handling graphics processing, wireless network card for Wi-Fi connectivity, power supply for providing power, hard drive for permanent information storage, display adapter for video signal interpretation, optical drive for reading and writing CDs/DVDs.