This document discusses the use of anesthetics in fish breeding and transport. It notes that fish can be stressed by handling and transport, so anesthetics are used to prevent injury and reduce metabolism. Commonly used anesthetics include MS-222, quinidine, 2-phenoxyethanol, and clove oil. Anesthetics induce sedation, partial loss of movement, or full anesthesia in fish. They are beneficial as they reduce stress on fish and allow for safer breeding, transport, and sampling. The document provides dosages for various anesthetics and details their effects on fish.

1. Jayanta SubhashTiple
B.F.Sc. 3rd year.
Enll.No.F/15/061
College of Fishery Science,Udgir.dt.Latur
USE OF ANESTHETICS IN FISH BREEDING & TRANSPORT

2. Introduction
Anesthesia is the act of providing sensation free relief from pain-
producing procedures.
Fish are easily stressed by handling and transport and stress can
result in immuno-suppression physical injury or even death.
In aquaculture anesthetic are used during breeding and
transportation to prevent physical injury and reduce metabolism.

3. FACTORS AFFECTTHE ACTIVITYOF ANESTHETICS:-
 Species
 Strain
 Sex
 Age
 Nutritional status
 Disease status
 Relative body size
 Disposition
 distress

4. FISHES ARE TRANSPORTED MAINLY FOR 3 PURPOSE:-
1.For breeding purposes.
2.Stoking in nursery pond.
3.For selling/marketing purposes.

5. COMMONLY USED ANESTHETICS:-
MS-222.
Quinidine.
2-phenoxyethanol.
Sodium amytal.
Barbital sodium.
Benzocaine.
Metomidate.
Clove oil.
Ketamine.
Chloral hydrate.
Novacaine
Aqui-stm

6. stage condition response
1. Sedation motion & breathing reduced.
2.
Anesthesia
partial loss of equilibrium reactive
to touch stimuli.
3. Surgical anesthesia total loss of equilibrium no
reaction to touch stimuli.
4. Death breathing and heart beat stop
overdose eventual death.
Stages of anesthesia in fish:-

7. stage Description
1. Body immobilized but opercular movements just
starting.
2. Regular opercular movements & gross body
movements beginning.
3. Equilibrium regained and pre-anesthetic
appearance.
Stages of recovery in fish:-

8. Uses:-
Drugs used for anesthetic carps ( common , Indian major carp & other fishes.)
1.Reduction in overall stress on the fish
2.Decreasing metabolic rates, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production
& excretion of toxic waste.
3.Controle excitability of the fish & there by reduction in metabolic rates ,
swmming activity and chances of physical injury.
4.Reduction of required by handling.

9. MS.222( Triccaine Methane Sulfonate)
1.Most commonly used transquilisers nowadays.
2.it comes white, crystalline powder that dissolve in water
up to and 11% solution.
3.Fat soluble and recovery times can prolonged in older fish
or gravid female.
4. Fish kept in 1:20,000 dilution of MS-222 to water for 15-20
min.
5.The recommended dilution is 2 time i.e.1:40,000 for hardy
fish such as common carp and head
6. 21/2 times i.e. 1:50,000 for less hardy fish like grass carp.
7. 5 times i.e. 1:1,00,000 for less hardy fish like silver carp.

11.  Quinaldine:-
1.It is a toxic liquid which must be handled with care.
2.Yellowish, oily liquid with limited water solubility must be dissolve in acetone or
alcohol, mixed with water.
3. Treatment with quinaldine is generally done when fish are held in a large
volume of water such as large concrete tanks.
4.Dilution rate of quinaldine to water 1:40,000.
5.When such opercular activity happens, fish should be immediatly transferred to
high oxygenated water.

12.  2-phenoxyethanol:-
1. Recently introduced and much cheaper.
2. Soluble in water but freely soluble in ethanol.
3. Solution is bactericidal and fungicidal.
4. Useful during surgery.
 Sodium amytal, barbiturate:-
1.It is one of the most tried drugs used for transport of live fish.
2.Sodium amytal at 21-28 mg/lit. water.
3.Considerably reduce the metabolic rete of fry and 30% more fry
could transported in given vol. of water.

13.  Clove oil:-
1.Used human dentistry & food flavoring.
2.Major constituent the oil eugenol.
3.40-120mg/lit. carp.
4.Low 2-5mg/lit. produced sedation sufficient to transport
the fish.
5.Clove oil is also effective anesthetic for crustaceans at
doses 100 to 200mg/lit.
6.In expensive & not unpleasant to work with.
 Aqi-STm
1. It si relatively new anesthetic for fish development by the seafood
research laboratory in new Zealand.
2. It would be a valuable tool to use when transporting live food fish
to market.

14. DRUGS & DOSE FOR ANESTHETIC
1.MS-222 See text for dose rates
2.Quinaldine 1:40,000(water)
3.2-phenoxyethanol 30-40ml/100lit.
4.Sodium amytal 52-172mg/lit.
5.Barbital sodium 50mg/kg of fish
6. Chloral hydrate 3-3.5gm/4.5lit.
7.Novacaine 50mg/kg of fish
8.Amobarbital sodium 85mg/kg of fish
9.Tertiary amyl alcohol 2ml/4.5lit
10.Methyl paraphynol(Dormison) 1-2 ml/4.5 lit
11.Urethane 100mg/lit.
12.Thiouracil 10mg/lit.
13.Hydroxy quinaldine 1mg/lit
Drugs Recommended drugs

15. ADVANTAGES OF SUCHDRUGS:-
1.Reduce rate of oxygen consumption.
2.Reduce rate of release of Carbon dioxide, ammonia & toxic substances
excreted/
Liberated from fish body.
3. Excitability of fishes and thereby reduce the chances of mortality due to injury
& time of handling of fishes.
4.Greatly facilitates examination, transport and diagnostic sampling and reduces
stress to the fish.
5. It is essential to minimize stress and physical damage in handling fish for
routine operation.
6.They are also used to immobilize fish so they can be handled more easily
during harvesting, sampling and spawning procedures.

16. REFERENCE
1.Anesthesia and types of drugs @pdf
Author:- A.Donald, L.neiffer & M.Andrew stamper
2.Anesthetics in aquaculture @pdf
Author :- Shawn, coyle, Robert & james
3. Brackish water aquaculture
Author:-P.K.Ghosh
4.fish and fisheries of india
Author:- V.G.jhingram.
5.Transportation of live finfishes and shellfishes
Author:- M.peer Mohamed & M.devaraj.