This document summarizes and compares the results of three studies that examined differences between face-to-face and online education. The first study found that face-to-face master's students scored higher on exams than online students. The second study found no significant difference in exam scores between traditional and online undergraduate philosophy students. The third study found that high-ability 8th grade students performed better and had more positive attitudes using online navigational tools, while all students benefited from menu tools.