By Renjini Rajagopal
Cities grow at an alarming rate, trying to accommodate the teaming millions within its urban embrace as the same millions clamor at its gates for salvation from the twin evils of impoverishment and unemployment. But, land has seized to be a flexible commodity. The author, Gladys Taber once said, ‘My own recipe for world peace is a little bit of land for everyone’
What is FSI in real estate development? What is the floor space index that is allowed for various Indian cities? How does the FSI in India compare with some of the major metro cities of the world?
Urban Real Estate & Development in IndiaNitin Narang
The document discusses urban real estate development in India and strategies for achieving sustainability and social responsibility. It notes that most new development is large-scale greenfield projects on the outskirts of cities led by private developers. However, current approaches often lack comprehensive planning, public infrastructure, and focus primarily on profits. The document advocates for updated public policies and incentives to encourage collaboration between developers for building sustainable, mixed-use, and socially inclusive communities. It provides examples of successful developments abroad that integrate these goals.
The document summarizes a thesis that studied urban sprawl in Bangalore, India. It provides background on urbanization trends in India. The study aims to develop metrics to characterize urban sprawl, determine drivers of sprawl in Bangalore, and design a spatial planning support system to evaluate policy options. Remote sensing data and surveys were used to analyze land use change and quality of services over time. System dynamics and agent-based modeling approaches were proposed to forecast future urban growth and test policy scenarios.
We are now in the “Century of the City” where urbanization defines our social,economic,and environmental characteristics.
In this era of the Anthropocene, when we are altering the functioning of the global environment, the term “Astycene” accurately describes this “new urban era” where “anthropos” is an “astos,” a dweller of an urban area. The term has been derived from two Greek words:αστυ, i.e., asty= city, town and καιν, i.e., cene= new.
Hence, my topic of presentation is: “Mapping the Astycene”
The document discusses 7 steps for developing successful satellite towns to address issues of urban development and high land prices:
1) Satellite towns should allocate significantly more space per dwelling than cities, with minimum standards for different land uses.
2) Space should be evenly distributed across localities with minimum allotments for roads, commercial, parks, schools and other facilities.
3) Locations should be far from cities on marginal land to keep land prices 10 times lower than in cities.
4) Laws and taxes should be relaxed to promote development.
5) High quality schools, hospitals and shops should be established in satellite towns.
6) Employers should provide or help fund housing and commuting for employees.
7)
This document provides information about satellite townships and their development. It discusses the need for satellite towns due to issues like population growth, land shortage, and infrastructure strain in major cities. Satellite towns are smaller towns located near but independent from larger cities, and have their own local governance and amenities while depending on the larger city for some functions. The document outlines the process for developing satellite towns, including preparing city development plans, detailed project reports, and obtaining approval and funding. It lists the objectives and components that are eligible or ineligible for central government assistance in developing infrastructure for satellite towns.
This document summarizes a term paper about improving the bidding power of poor communities for urban land in Lahore, Pakistan. It discusses how poor people currently have low bidding power due to not being able to compete financially with larger private interests. It proposes several measures to empower poor communities and increase their bidding power, such as identifying suitable land parcels, providing access networks and housing loans, partnering with NGOs, implementing municipal tax relief policies, and developing rental housing options for poor people in premium city areas. The conclusion emphasizes the need for public and private sector collaboration to better integrate poor communities spatially and economically through inclusive land management and development strategies.
The document discusses different types of towns classified by their main functions, including industrial towns (focused on mining, textiles, or steel), holiday towns (focused on tourism), port towns (focused on port services), and satellite towns (planned, self-sustaining communities outside major cities). It also discusses green belts used to restrict urban sprawl and preserve land, as well as factors influencing population growth and distribution within cities.
What is FSI in real estate development? What is the floor space index that is allowed for various Indian cities? How does the FSI in India compare with some of the major metro cities of the world?
Urban Real Estate & Development in IndiaNitin Narang
The document discusses urban real estate development in India and strategies for achieving sustainability and social responsibility. It notes that most new development is large-scale greenfield projects on the outskirts of cities led by private developers. However, current approaches often lack comprehensive planning, public infrastructure, and focus primarily on profits. The document advocates for updated public policies and incentives to encourage collaboration between developers for building sustainable, mixed-use, and socially inclusive communities. It provides examples of successful developments abroad that integrate these goals.
The document summarizes a thesis that studied urban sprawl in Bangalore, India. It provides background on urbanization trends in India. The study aims to develop metrics to characterize urban sprawl, determine drivers of sprawl in Bangalore, and design a spatial planning support system to evaluate policy options. Remote sensing data and surveys were used to analyze land use change and quality of services over time. System dynamics and agent-based modeling approaches were proposed to forecast future urban growth and test policy scenarios.
We are now in the “Century of the City” where urbanization defines our social,economic,and environmental characteristics.
In this era of the Anthropocene, when we are altering the functioning of the global environment, the term “Astycene” accurately describes this “new urban era” where “anthropos” is an “astos,” a dweller of an urban area. The term has been derived from two Greek words:αστυ, i.e., asty= city, town and καιν, i.e., cene= new.
Hence, my topic of presentation is: “Mapping the Astycene”
The document discusses 7 steps for developing successful satellite towns to address issues of urban development and high land prices:
1) Satellite towns should allocate significantly more space per dwelling than cities, with minimum standards for different land uses.
2) Space should be evenly distributed across localities with minimum allotments for roads, commercial, parks, schools and other facilities.
3) Locations should be far from cities on marginal land to keep land prices 10 times lower than in cities.
4) Laws and taxes should be relaxed to promote development.
5) High quality schools, hospitals and shops should be established in satellite towns.
6) Employers should provide or help fund housing and commuting for employees.
7)
This document provides information about satellite townships and their development. It discusses the need for satellite towns due to issues like population growth, land shortage, and infrastructure strain in major cities. Satellite towns are smaller towns located near but independent from larger cities, and have their own local governance and amenities while depending on the larger city for some functions. The document outlines the process for developing satellite towns, including preparing city development plans, detailed project reports, and obtaining approval and funding. It lists the objectives and components that are eligible or ineligible for central government assistance in developing infrastructure for satellite towns.
This document summarizes a term paper about improving the bidding power of poor communities for urban land in Lahore, Pakistan. It discusses how poor people currently have low bidding power due to not being able to compete financially with larger private interests. It proposes several measures to empower poor communities and increase their bidding power, such as identifying suitable land parcels, providing access networks and housing loans, partnering with NGOs, implementing municipal tax relief policies, and developing rental housing options for poor people in premium city areas. The conclusion emphasizes the need for public and private sector collaboration to better integrate poor communities spatially and economically through inclusive land management and development strategies.
The document discusses different types of towns classified by their main functions, including industrial towns (focused on mining, textiles, or steel), holiday towns (focused on tourism), port towns (focused on port services), and satellite towns (planned, self-sustaining communities outside major cities). It also discusses green belts used to restrict urban sprawl and preserve land, as well as factors influencing population growth and distribution within cities.
Development Control Regulations, Mumbai - Key pointsPresi
The document outlines key development control regulations for Mumbai, including regulations around floor space index (FSI), open spaces, building height restrictions, and more. Some key points:
- FSI in Mumbai city is 1.33 and suburbs is 1.0, with potential for additional TDR FSI up to 2.0 in suburbs.
- Regulations specify minimum open space requirements based on building height and use. Front setbacks vary based on road width.
- Building height cannot exceed 1.5 times the sum of road width and required front open space, except if front open space exceeds 12m.
- Firefighting access requirements specify minimum clear open spaces on buildings over 24m and 70m tall
PERSPECTIVES ON ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURESFadi Semaan
In this presentation we will discuss:
1) Webscale and implications on enterprise architectures.
2) The old Datacenter vs the New Cloud
3) The seven key trends and technologies
4) Architecture Patterns
5)Putting it all together..
This presentation was delivered by:
Vamsi Chemitiganti
Chief Solutions Architect, Red Hat – NA East and FSI
The document invites you to a unique, vibrant 215-acre site for a township development parallel to OMR in Chennai. The key details are:
- The site has road frontage and connections to major highways and is close to the airport, CBD and IT corridor.
- It consists of 157 acres of patta land with the remaining land to be delivered in 3 phases within 6 months.
- The average land price is 2 crores per acre.
- The site is well located near major IT companies on OMR and has the potential for affordable housing and a well-planned township given its size and proximity to infrastructure.
FSI North America offers a wide range of products for emergencies, including portable and fixed decontamination systems, shelters, isolation units, and medical field equipment. Their products are designed to meet the demands of public safety and homeland security personnel. Key products include inflatable decontamination showers and shelters in various sizes, firefighter rehab systems, disposable backboards, rescue boats, and more. FSI prides itself on offering superior quality and more included accessories compared to competitors.
O documento descreve o sistema de injeção direta de combustível FSI, incluindo como funciona, como diagnosticá-lo e suas características principais. É detalhado o funcionamento do motor 2.0 Turbo FSI, com ênfase nos componentes como a bomba de combustível de alta pressão, válvulas de injeção, catalisador de armazenamento de NOx e sistema de sobrealimentação.
This document summarizes the jurisdiction and approval processes for layouts and building plans across different planning authorities in Tamil Nadu. It outlines that layout approvals are handled by the Local Planning Authority (LPA), District Town and Country Planning (DTCP), and Hill Area Conservation Authority (HACA) depending on the area and size of the development. Building plan approvals are handled by local bodies, LPA or DTCP based on the built-up area and number of dwellings. The approval process involves online submission by applicants, scrutiny by the relevant authority, resubmission if needed, approval or rejection notification. Citizen services include online access to application status, land use details and approved layouts.
Gentrification is the term coined in the era of Industrial Revolution. When the CBD comprised of Industries surrounded by the congested communities of workers. The rich migrated to Suburbs away from this congested city centre. During Globalisation, the commercialisation turned the city structure inside out setting industries outside city limits. Now in the Planning era, concepts such as decentralisation play a strong role restructuring cities again. Gentrification meant shifting of capital or class of people to city centre. The situation is not so simple now. It can be explained simply as revitalisation on a much larger scale. For TDR to be a positive outcome of gentrification, there is a need to revise our basic concepts such as development and urbanisation..
15 Real Estate Terms That You Were Embarrassed About Asking Anybody But Can A...CommonFloor.com
This document provides definitions for common real estate terms. It defines carpet area as the usable area of a property excluding wall thickness. Built up area includes carpet area plus wall thickness and balcony space. Super built up area includes built up area plus common areas. Per square foot rate is how developers value property. Floor space index is the ratio of total built up area to plot area. It distinguishes residential from commercial property and freehold from non-freehold ownership. Additional terms defined include brokers, conveyance, credit scores, lease agreements, license agreements, non-disclosure agreements, inherited property, and subletting.
Thermal comfort is affected by various factors like air temperature, radiant temperature, air speed, humidity, clothing insulation, and activity level. Conditions for thermal comfort include maintaining appropriate temperatures, humidity levels, and air speeds while avoiding issues like draughts and vertical temperature differences. The document discusses factors that impact thermal comfort and how to optimize it through design considerations.
This document defines and explains key real estate terms:
- Carpet area, built-up area, and super built-up area refer to different methods of measuring a property's space. Per square foot rate and floor space index (FSI) determine property value based on measurements.
- Residential properties are for living while commercial properties are for business. Freehold properties provide unconditional ownership of land and buildings.
- Other terms covered include real estate brokers, conveyance agreements, credit scores, lease agreements, license agreements, non-disclosure agreements, inherited properties, and subletting.
This document contains definitions, layout requirements, and questions related to the Development Control Regulations (DCR). It includes sections on definitions, when layouts are necessary and their components, minimum plot sizes, access requirements, recreation ground (RG) calculations for different plot sizes and conditions, permissible building area calculations, parking requirements, and DCR clause numbers. It provides templates to calculate RG requirements, permissible tenements, and parking spaces for different zones and plot sizes based on the DCR.
The document discusses building codes and bye laws related to a duplex house located in Hyderabad, Telangana. It provides details about duplex houses such as their typical structure and how they are classified. It then summarizes the key guidelines from G.O. Ms. No. 86 regarding setbacks, parking requirements, minimum plot and road sizes, permissible building heights and more as applicable to the duplex house. Dimensional requirements for different components of the duplex house like habitable rooms, kitchen, bathroom etc. are also outlined. Floor plans and elevations of the duplex house are presented with relevant details.
City profile of chennai- history,demograpgy,census and transportation and issues in chennai
Note: animation content download and see slide only in slide show for more brief
Chennai the fourth largest metropolis in India. Chennai Metropolitan Area (CMA) extends over 1189 sq.km.and comprises of
Chennai Corporation,
16 Municipalities,
20 Town Panchayats and
214 villages covered in 10 Panchayats Unions
It encompasses the Chennai District (176 sq.km.), part of Thiruvallur District (637 sq.km.) and a part of Kancheepuram District (376 sq.km.).
Thermal comfort is affected by factors like air temperature, humidity, air movement, and radiant heat. Over time, indices have been developed to quantify thermal comfort, including effective temperature and corrected effective temperature. Properly measuring factors like air temperature, humidity, air velocity, and radiant heat is necessary to evaluate thermal conditions and design appropriate heating/cooling systems. Key instruments used in measurement include dry bulb thermometers, wet bulb thermometers, psychrometers, globe thermometers, and Kata thermometers. Common heat stress indices are effective temperature and the wet bulb globe temperature index.
1 space studio profile ppt architecture n interiors - 30 07 2013muralanals
An Architectural and interior design firm based in Chennai.
We are an enthusiastic team of Creative, Intelligent, well qualified and Inspired professionals who believe in designing well balanced utilitarian spaces artfully conceptualized to create both a sense of usability and an appreciation of space for the user.
We are inspired by great design , we are moved by great design , we enjoy great design and we simply love to let our love for design show in our work.
The team at our studio comprises of Architects, Interior Designers, Project Managers Qualified Draftsmen, Engineers, 3D Visualizer and other support staff.
Thermal comfort is affected by multiple factors including air temperature, humidity, air velocity, clothing, activity level, and individual physiology. Two main models of thermal comfort are the static model, which advocates for a single constant temperature, and the adaptive model, which recognizes humans can adapt to different temperatures seasonally. Research on thermal comfort considers human physiology, develops standards and indices, and applies to various contexts like buildings, regions, and livestock to help optimize thermal environments.
Affordable housing for all in india- Issues and OptionsJIT KUMAR GUPTA
This document summarizes the key issues around affordable housing in India. It notes that rapid urbanization is concentrating populations in urban areas and driving up housing costs. As a result, over 60 million urban Indians live in slums or informal settlements lacking basic amenities. The document estimates a shortage of over 30 million homes by 2020, with the vast majority of the shortage being in affordable housing for low-income groups. It identifies the major challenges to developing affordable housing as the high cost of land, rising construction costs, high government fees and charges, rigid land use planning, and irrational building regulations that restrict density.
Looking at policy framework, technological innovations,, financial and operational context, affordable housing can become a distinct reality only if all the stakeholders including Governments, parastatal agencies, financial institutions, private sector, builders, developers, colonizers, industry, beneficiaries, NGC/CBO and professionals including Architects / Engineers/Planners etc are brought on common platform. For achieving the goal government need to incentivise supply side and remove all roadblocks. Role of parastatal agencies shall be that of facilitators rather than provider with key responsibility given to the private and co-operative sectors. Reform linked policy framework; calling for making land market effective and efficient; rationalising government levies/fees/taxes; incentivising industries involved in producing pre-fabricated components and making building materials from waste; providing housing loans at concessional and affordable rates with flexible options of repayment; making landowners active partners in creating affordable housing on a mass scale; bridging gap between demand and supply sides; bringing enablers, providers and executors on the same platform; making all stakeholders work in a concerted/committed manner, would be critical in making affordable housing a distinct reality in the Indian context. Affordable housing can be effectively leveraged to create/ expand large job market for unskilled/ semi-skilled rural migrants; revitalize Indian industry; promote economy; achieving high growth rate and marginalize poverty in urban India. Housing, as a sector, can help making urban centres inclusive, resilient, smart , more productive, more effective, highly efficient, healthier, better habitable, better organized, well planned and more sustainable with assured quality of life. It is hoped, Pradhan Mantri Shehri Awaas Yojna, launched by the Government of India in 2015 , for constructing 10 million housing in urban areas by 2022, will usher a new era of providing housing for all besides creating adequate stock for rental housing and bringing new technologies and innovations to make available affordable housing to all targeted beneficiaries a distinct reality
Development Control Regulations, Mumbai - Key pointsPresi
The document outlines key development control regulations for Mumbai, including regulations around floor space index (FSI), open spaces, building height restrictions, and more. Some key points:
- FSI in Mumbai city is 1.33 and suburbs is 1.0, with potential for additional TDR FSI up to 2.0 in suburbs.
- Regulations specify minimum open space requirements based on building height and use. Front setbacks vary based on road width.
- Building height cannot exceed 1.5 times the sum of road width and required front open space, except if front open space exceeds 12m.
- Firefighting access requirements specify minimum clear open spaces on buildings over 24m and 70m tall
PERSPECTIVES ON ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURESFadi Semaan
In this presentation we will discuss:
1) Webscale and implications on enterprise architectures.
2) The old Datacenter vs the New Cloud
3) The seven key trends and technologies
4) Architecture Patterns
5)Putting it all together..
This presentation was delivered by:
Vamsi Chemitiganti
Chief Solutions Architect, Red Hat – NA East and FSI
The document invites you to a unique, vibrant 215-acre site for a township development parallel to OMR in Chennai. The key details are:
- The site has road frontage and connections to major highways and is close to the airport, CBD and IT corridor.
- It consists of 157 acres of patta land with the remaining land to be delivered in 3 phases within 6 months.
- The average land price is 2 crores per acre.
- The site is well located near major IT companies on OMR and has the potential for affordable housing and a well-planned township given its size and proximity to infrastructure.
FSI North America offers a wide range of products for emergencies, including portable and fixed decontamination systems, shelters, isolation units, and medical field equipment. Their products are designed to meet the demands of public safety and homeland security personnel. Key products include inflatable decontamination showers and shelters in various sizes, firefighter rehab systems, disposable backboards, rescue boats, and more. FSI prides itself on offering superior quality and more included accessories compared to competitors.
O documento descreve o sistema de injeção direta de combustível FSI, incluindo como funciona, como diagnosticá-lo e suas características principais. É detalhado o funcionamento do motor 2.0 Turbo FSI, com ênfase nos componentes como a bomba de combustível de alta pressão, válvulas de injeção, catalisador de armazenamento de NOx e sistema de sobrealimentação.
This document summarizes the jurisdiction and approval processes for layouts and building plans across different planning authorities in Tamil Nadu. It outlines that layout approvals are handled by the Local Planning Authority (LPA), District Town and Country Planning (DTCP), and Hill Area Conservation Authority (HACA) depending on the area and size of the development. Building plan approvals are handled by local bodies, LPA or DTCP based on the built-up area and number of dwellings. The approval process involves online submission by applicants, scrutiny by the relevant authority, resubmission if needed, approval or rejection notification. Citizen services include online access to application status, land use details and approved layouts.
Gentrification is the term coined in the era of Industrial Revolution. When the CBD comprised of Industries surrounded by the congested communities of workers. The rich migrated to Suburbs away from this congested city centre. During Globalisation, the commercialisation turned the city structure inside out setting industries outside city limits. Now in the Planning era, concepts such as decentralisation play a strong role restructuring cities again. Gentrification meant shifting of capital or class of people to city centre. The situation is not so simple now. It can be explained simply as revitalisation on a much larger scale. For TDR to be a positive outcome of gentrification, there is a need to revise our basic concepts such as development and urbanisation..
15 Real Estate Terms That You Were Embarrassed About Asking Anybody But Can A...CommonFloor.com
This document provides definitions for common real estate terms. It defines carpet area as the usable area of a property excluding wall thickness. Built up area includes carpet area plus wall thickness and balcony space. Super built up area includes built up area plus common areas. Per square foot rate is how developers value property. Floor space index is the ratio of total built up area to plot area. It distinguishes residential from commercial property and freehold from non-freehold ownership. Additional terms defined include brokers, conveyance, credit scores, lease agreements, license agreements, non-disclosure agreements, inherited property, and subletting.
Thermal comfort is affected by various factors like air temperature, radiant temperature, air speed, humidity, clothing insulation, and activity level. Conditions for thermal comfort include maintaining appropriate temperatures, humidity levels, and air speeds while avoiding issues like draughts and vertical temperature differences. The document discusses factors that impact thermal comfort and how to optimize it through design considerations.
This document defines and explains key real estate terms:
- Carpet area, built-up area, and super built-up area refer to different methods of measuring a property's space. Per square foot rate and floor space index (FSI) determine property value based on measurements.
- Residential properties are for living while commercial properties are for business. Freehold properties provide unconditional ownership of land and buildings.
- Other terms covered include real estate brokers, conveyance agreements, credit scores, lease agreements, license agreements, non-disclosure agreements, inherited properties, and subletting.
This document contains definitions, layout requirements, and questions related to the Development Control Regulations (DCR). It includes sections on definitions, when layouts are necessary and their components, minimum plot sizes, access requirements, recreation ground (RG) calculations for different plot sizes and conditions, permissible building area calculations, parking requirements, and DCR clause numbers. It provides templates to calculate RG requirements, permissible tenements, and parking spaces for different zones and plot sizes based on the DCR.
The document discusses building codes and bye laws related to a duplex house located in Hyderabad, Telangana. It provides details about duplex houses such as their typical structure and how they are classified. It then summarizes the key guidelines from G.O. Ms. No. 86 regarding setbacks, parking requirements, minimum plot and road sizes, permissible building heights and more as applicable to the duplex house. Dimensional requirements for different components of the duplex house like habitable rooms, kitchen, bathroom etc. are also outlined. Floor plans and elevations of the duplex house are presented with relevant details.
City profile of chennai- history,demograpgy,census and transportation and issues in chennai
Note: animation content download and see slide only in slide show for more brief
Chennai the fourth largest metropolis in India. Chennai Metropolitan Area (CMA) extends over 1189 sq.km.and comprises of
Chennai Corporation,
16 Municipalities,
20 Town Panchayats and
214 villages covered in 10 Panchayats Unions
It encompasses the Chennai District (176 sq.km.), part of Thiruvallur District (637 sq.km.) and a part of Kancheepuram District (376 sq.km.).
Thermal comfort is affected by factors like air temperature, humidity, air movement, and radiant heat. Over time, indices have been developed to quantify thermal comfort, including effective temperature and corrected effective temperature. Properly measuring factors like air temperature, humidity, air velocity, and radiant heat is necessary to evaluate thermal conditions and design appropriate heating/cooling systems. Key instruments used in measurement include dry bulb thermometers, wet bulb thermometers, psychrometers, globe thermometers, and Kata thermometers. Common heat stress indices are effective temperature and the wet bulb globe temperature index.
1 space studio profile ppt architecture n interiors - 30 07 2013muralanals
An Architectural and interior design firm based in Chennai.
We are an enthusiastic team of Creative, Intelligent, well qualified and Inspired professionals who believe in designing well balanced utilitarian spaces artfully conceptualized to create both a sense of usability and an appreciation of space for the user.
We are inspired by great design , we are moved by great design , we enjoy great design and we simply love to let our love for design show in our work.
The team at our studio comprises of Architects, Interior Designers, Project Managers Qualified Draftsmen, Engineers, 3D Visualizer and other support staff.
Thermal comfort is affected by multiple factors including air temperature, humidity, air velocity, clothing, activity level, and individual physiology. Two main models of thermal comfort are the static model, which advocates for a single constant temperature, and the adaptive model, which recognizes humans can adapt to different temperatures seasonally. Research on thermal comfort considers human physiology, develops standards and indices, and applies to various contexts like buildings, regions, and livestock to help optimize thermal environments.
Affordable housing for all in india- Issues and OptionsJIT KUMAR GUPTA
This document summarizes the key issues around affordable housing in India. It notes that rapid urbanization is concentrating populations in urban areas and driving up housing costs. As a result, over 60 million urban Indians live in slums or informal settlements lacking basic amenities. The document estimates a shortage of over 30 million homes by 2020, with the vast majority of the shortage being in affordable housing for low-income groups. It identifies the major challenges to developing affordable housing as the high cost of land, rising construction costs, high government fees and charges, rigid land use planning, and irrational building regulations that restrict density.
Looking at policy framework, technological innovations,, financial and operational context, affordable housing can become a distinct reality only if all the stakeholders including Governments, parastatal agencies, financial institutions, private sector, builders, developers, colonizers, industry, beneficiaries, NGC/CBO and professionals including Architects / Engineers/Planners etc are brought on common platform. For achieving the goal government need to incentivise supply side and remove all roadblocks. Role of parastatal agencies shall be that of facilitators rather than provider with key responsibility given to the private and co-operative sectors. Reform linked policy framework; calling for making land market effective and efficient; rationalising government levies/fees/taxes; incentivising industries involved in producing pre-fabricated components and making building materials from waste; providing housing loans at concessional and affordable rates with flexible options of repayment; making landowners active partners in creating affordable housing on a mass scale; bridging gap between demand and supply sides; bringing enablers, providers and executors on the same platform; making all stakeholders work in a concerted/committed manner, would be critical in making affordable housing a distinct reality in the Indian context. Affordable housing can be effectively leveraged to create/ expand large job market for unskilled/ semi-skilled rural migrants; revitalize Indian industry; promote economy; achieving high growth rate and marginalize poverty in urban India. Housing, as a sector, can help making urban centres inclusive, resilient, smart , more productive, more effective, highly efficient, healthier, better habitable, better organized, well planned and more sustainable with assured quality of life. It is hoped, Pradhan Mantri Shehri Awaas Yojna, launched by the Government of India in 2015 , for constructing 10 million housing in urban areas by 2022, will usher a new era of providing housing for all besides creating adequate stock for rental housing and bringing new technologies and innovations to make available affordable housing to all targeted beneficiaries a distinct reality
Designing for smart and Inclusive Cities in indiaJitKumarGupta1
Making cities Smart remains an illusion/ mirage and a fallacy in this world, which is illogically and irrationally being chased and promoted by politician, administrators and people in the power. How can cities be made Smart, both conceptually and physically, when cities are marked by dualities and contradictions, when it cannot take care of its stakeholders; Create ownership among them; provide them basic infrastructures, amenities and services; assure them appropriate employment and economic options; provide them with reasonable shelter; ensure healthy living. Cities cannot be made Smart till poverty continue to rule the cities; where planning remains marginalized/diluted; where multiplicity of agencies continue to operate and rule in contradiction to each other; where decision made remain mired with subjectivity; where there is total lack of ownership; where leadership has no understanding of the city growth and development and where manpower deployed remain inadequately qualified to understand and address the issues of urbanization. Cities would require more focus and will need care and caution, provided with the input of professionals who can lead the cities to make them more livable. I think need is to move from and focus on promoting livability rather than smartness. How can we achieve the objective of livability, should remain the agenda for all professionals and stake holders involved with making cities Smart.
Urban land value
Bid rent theory
theoretical city models
Migration
types of migration
impact of migration on urban form
causes and impacts of migration
This document discusses the rapid urbanization and housing shortage in India. Some key points:
- India's urban population grew significantly in the last century due to migration, and is projected to house over half of India's total population by 2050.
- Urban areas face issues of uncontrolled growth, inadequate infrastructure, poverty, and a severe shortage of affordable housing, especially for low-income groups. Over 60 million people live in slums currently.
- The housing shortage in India is estimated to be over 24 million units currently, with over 99% shortage for the lowest-income groups. Affordable housing remains a major challenge due to high land and construction costs.
- The Indian government has implemented various
Housing remains one of the most valuable right and asset of the mankind besides the major issue for all developing nations. It is both a challenge and opportunity. Paper tries to define strategies which can help achieve the objective of shelter for all
Affordable housing in India- A Myth or RelityJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper makes an attempt to look at the housing as a major issue in the urban area, identify the major roadblock and options to make housing for all a distinct reality
Financial Geographies of Real Estate and HousingAI Publications
This article is about new governments for financial recovery after the financial crisis. The focus on tracing the creation of an active class derived from the security of rental income for detached houses has become rent. The study strategically combines conceptual agendas, and is discussed separately. Market formation theories rooted in scientific and technical studies provide information on the analytical method to pay attention to the work of realizing markets, the role of computer devices in market formation and the conditional and conditional aspects of markets. This analysis shows that renting families in an active class is a practical achievement. However, a broader framework rooted in the political economy is needed to address the broader meaning of the working class in terms of power, politics and the dynamics of capital accumulation. The article focuses in particular on the historical and geographical events that make it possible to invent a large-scale SFR market, the work of state and capital market players to reformulate single-family homes restored as rental properties, and the role of accounting practices in this process, and the strategies of issuers and credit rating agencies to develop a new asset class for institutional investors. The working-class points to the fundamental role for housing in the ideology of capital, and talks about new implications of financial role players and domestic life, as financial accumulation adapts to the context after the crisis. In addition to the financial financing of housing after the crisis, the article also shows how economic geographers can carefully integrate the theoretical perspectives to critically examine the conditions of market formation and the social, spatial and political consequences of markets.
This document discusses the importance of public spaces in cities and provides 10 ways to improve cities through placemaking and public spaces. It notes that healthy public spaces can jumpstart economic development and community revitalization. The document then outlines a partnership between UN-HABITAT and Project for Public Spaces to promote placemaking and raise awareness of the value of public spaces. It also provides several case studies of placemaking projects around the world.
The document discusses urban regeneration in Malaysia through implementing regeneration programs. It notes that Malaysian cities are aging and experiencing neglect, so urban revitalization is needed. The concept of urban regeneration aims to promote activity in city centers and improve environmental quality through smart growth initiatives. However, gentrification can displace existing communities, so regeneration should relocate residents to the same sites. Kuala Lumpur is practicing regeneration by recognizing it as a strategic direction to encourage more sustainable lifestyles.
Blaze African City Series - Second EditionOnyema Udeze
Oh, My Africa.
This is the second edition in our Smart City Series. It explored the various components that make up a great city and offers insights on how African cities can catch up on each of these components. This includes both the socio-economic and physical dimensions of the city, transportation, and work, sustainability and technology, the value chain and city management.
All cities remain unique and distinct. No two cities are similar. Each city has its strength , weakness , threats and opportunities. Each city has a different and distinct gene, fabric and social structure. Cities are manmade entities, always evolving and devolving, never defined never finite. They are anti-thesis to nature and natural environment. Rapid urbanizations remain the greatest threat to environment and ecology. From the narratives given, it can be visualized that making cities great places to live and work, remains both complex, difficult and daunting task, requiring out of box thinking, adopting multiple` approaches and innovating state of art options for planning , development and management of cities. Rapid pace and massive influx of population in the urban areas offers enormous opportunities and challenges to innovate, experiment, evolve and devolve to the planners, architects, engineers, professionals, developers, administrators, politicians, urban local bodies, parastatal agencies, private sector and other stakeholders to make cities great entities and best place for living and working; meeting all basic human needs; promoting ease of doing business; promoting sharing; creating enabling environment and spaces for all human operations. How effectively and efficiently we meet these challenges and make best use of opportunities offered in the urban domain, shall hold the key to the sustainability, growth and development of the communities and nations. All cities can be made great places to live and work, depending upon how residents, local communities and all stakeholders commit, involve, innovate and experiment to achieve the objective. Planners hold the key to make cities sustainable but they need to empower themselves , innovate and find out of box solutions and work with people/stakeholders based on the prevailing ground realities. Planning and designing cities and villages will require working on the same platform, synergizing their potential and marching in the same direction. Without involving and planning villages, cities will have little chance to become livable and productive for all.
This document provides background information on Adriano Leonardi, including his education and professional experience. It discusses his realization while pursuing his PhD in urban planning that land prices play a central role in urban change and are determined by the needs of the dominant mode of production and the reproduction of societal structures. It also summarizes his thesis that the history of capitalism involves the continuous re-imposition of commodity form through the interplay of the market and state intervention, with land prices and spatial organization serving as means to produce and use urban space in accordance with the dominant mode of production and accumulation stage. The document outlines Leonardi's future research interests and areas of contribution.
The document discusses different types of urban settlements according to size, shape, function, and location. It describes nucleated, linear, and dispersed settlement shapes. Industrial towns, market towns, ports, and seaside resorts are discussed according to function. Rural settlements are contrasted with urban settlements based on demographics, land usage, population density, transportation, and economic dependencies. Rapid urbanization in developing countries and the growth of megacities are also summarized.
Urban planning and urban governance invariably remain people centric having prime concern/focus on looking at/ promoting the welfare of the people, improving their social, physical, economic and environmental conditions besides improving quality of life. Both are mandated to create supportive/enabling conditions and environment to help people to perform their basic functions involving living, working , care of body & spirits and circulation, in a most effective / efficient manner. Accordingly urban planning and urban governance remain interlinked /integrated, and have close relationship. No good urban governance can exist in isolation/ without the input of good and rational planning. Looking at the entire context of good urban governance, it can be fairly concluded that effective urban planning holds the key to good urban governance. Poor urban governance has its genesis in poor urban planning. For enabling urban planning to play its desired and designated role in urban governance, it will be essential that operational mechanism of existing pattern of urban planning is critically looked into, reviewed, revised and re-defined to made it more responsive to the emerging urban dynamism/challenges. Unfortunately, in India, role of urban planners has been diluted and marginalized and has never been given appropriate recognition. Limited numbers of planning institutions have contributed to restricting the number of qualified professionals. With urban centres holding the key, future growth and development of the cities will be contingent largely upon the proficiency, efficacy and efficiency of ‘Planning Profession and Professionals’. However, , for planners/planning to play its ordained role, they have to be made more responsive , professionally competent, having capacity /expertise to understand /appreciate the complexities of urban growth and development, based on prevailing ground realities, and evolving appropriate options. .Planning tools will also require review and redefining to make them more effective and efficient.
Regional aspects of development and planningKinza Irshad
The document discusses issues related to rapid urbanization and population growth in developing countries in Asia and around the world. It notes that the urban population in Asia is expected to increase dramatically by 2020, putting pressure on existing infrastructure and resources. Developing countries are making policies to address problems caused by this growth. The document also discusses regional planning as a tool to help guide development, reduce imbalances, and integrate economic, social, and environmental goals. It examines concepts of regions and regional development and argues regional planning can help implement national development goals through coordinated regional growth.
WAY FORWARD—Making Affordable Housing- A Distinct Reality JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Making house available to all remains the most challenging task for any nation, communities and states. Nations have been experimenting to bridge the gap between demand and supply for housing. However, few nations have met with success but there are often failures to achieve the objective. Housing being never static, with demand invariably increasing, no permanent solution can be made applicable. Housing remains relevant to policies and programs evolved by the government, prevailing socio- economic conditions, state of economy, available resources, legal framework in position, affordability, poverty, land pricing , technology, speculation, number of beneficiaries etc. Accordingly multiple options are needed in capturing housing for all. Paper makes an attempt to list down different options, which can be used to increase supply of the housing and bridging the gap between demand and supply.
- The UN predicts that 1 in 3 people will live in slums by 2050 if sustainable urbanization is not implemented. Developing countries like India are facing rapid urbanization and the growth of slums.
- Urban migrants have a variety of needs including shelter, mobility, employment opportunities, and access to services. Providing affordable housing options, improving transportation systems, and developing new economic centers can help address these needs.
- Sustainable urbanization requires long-term planning including building new planned towns with affordable housing and jobs, improving infrastructure like transportation, and ensuring access to services like healthcare and sanitation for all residents. Public-private partnerships and innovative solutions can help make cities more livable for urban migrants.
Similar to A Study on Floor Scale Index in Chennai (20)
CPPR in collaboration with the U.S. Consulate General in Chennai, organised a two-day international conference on ‘Indo-U.S. Relations: Change, Continuity and Transformation’ in Kochi on April 19-20, 2022, with a view to advancing the conversations in Indo-U.S. foreign policy cooperation. This is a publication of five research articles from the conference proceedings in five chapters.
The document discusses ASEAN's perspective on the Indo-Pacific as outlined in the ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific (AOIP), noting that there are differences between ASEAN member states with Indonesia being more enthusiastic about the concept while others see East Asia as their primary strategic region; it also explains that the AOIP aims to assert ASEAN centrality in the region and relate various Indo-Pacific strategies to ASEAN norms and principles rather than replacing the term "Asia-Pacific".
എന്തുകൊണ്ട് സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യം (Why Liberty) is the Malayalam translation of the book “Why Liberty” which was edited by Dr Tom G Palmer. The ideas presented in this book are about an alternative view of politics: a politics, not of force, but of persuasion, of live-and-let-live, of rejecting both subjugation and domination. Being a libertarian means not only refraining from harming the rights of other people, but also equipping yourself mentally to understand what it means for people to have rights, how rights create the foundation for peaceful social cooperation, and how voluntary societies work. This book is an invitation to think about important problems in new ways.
This document is an edited volume that emerged from a two-day dialogue on the Australia-India Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative Partnership held in April 2022. It contains 11 research articles organized into three sections. The first section analyzes perspectives on the Indo-Pacific from ASEAN, Australia, and India and finds convergence in promoting peace and stability in the region. The second examines issues of marine plastic pollution and debris in the Bay of Bengal. The third explores topics related to smart ports and supply chains in the Indian Ocean. Overall, the document aims to support an open, inclusive, and rules-based maritime order in the Indo-Pacific region through cooperation under the Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative Partnership
The book 'Maritime Security Complexes of the Indo-Pacific Region' seeks to provide a net assessment of regional challenges and opportunities in this study of the Indo-Pacific region’s security dynamics viewed through the ‘maritime variant’ of the Regional Security Complex Theory. This volume aims to ascertain the regional security dynamics and assess securitization as a driving force. It infers the scope of traditional, non-traditional, and transnational security issues and their regional impact
This document is the introduction to a book titled "Self Control or State Control: You Decide" which presents essays by various authors on the topic of individual liberty versus government intervention. The introduction provides background on the book's publication and translation to Malayalam. It also previews several of the key topics that will be discussed in the essays, including the nanny state, self-control, rational decision making, and unintended consequences of government policies and regulations.
‘Muthalalitha Vyavasthithiyude Dhaarmikatha’ an e-book published by CPPR is the first Malayalam translation of “The Morality of Capitalism: What Your Professors Won’t Tell You”, edited by Tom G. Palmer
The second in the “What Your Professors Won’t Tell You” series of essays on political economy, this collection includes thirteen essays. Authors include Nobel Prize winners Mario Vargas Llosa and Vernon Smith, Whole Foods Market CEO and founder John Mackey, and scholars from across the globe.
This document summarizes the key issues around decentralization and autonomy of urban local bodies (ULBs) in Kerala, India. It finds that while ULBs in Kerala are assigned many functions by law, the state government retains overriding powers that limit ULB autonomy. Specifically, the state government can make rules overriding ULB decisions, dissolve ULBs, cancel ULB resolutions, and issue directives on many ULB activities. As a result, ULBs have struggled to fully exercise the powers theoretically transferred to them, weakening decentralization in Kerala despite its efforts. Rapid urbanization increases the need for empowered ULBs to handle urban challenges at the local level.
The document summarizes key provisions of a new bill that aims to ease business regulations for shops, hotels, restaurants, and other establishments. It allows 24/7 operations with police permission, provides safety measures for women working night shifts, and sets standards for wages, hours, leave, and penalties for violations. It also creates a simplified registration process for small businesses that need only notify the government but are exempt from inspections and certain welfare provisions. Both employers and employees of these businesses see reduced red tape but also lose some protections under the new law.
Women's labor force participation in India is only 25.8%, one of the lowest rates in the world. It has declined significantly from 2004-2012, especially in rural areas among younger women. Reasons for the decline include stability in family income and increased secondary education. The document argues that policy reforms are needed to encourage greater participation, and cites other countries like Nordic nations that have seen increased rates through parental leave, childcare, and social norms supporting working mothers.
The document discusses retail trade policies in India aimed at reviving the retail sector. It notes that retail accounts for over 10% of India's GDP and jobs. The objectives of retail policies are to accelerate investment, create local jobs, and support socio-economic development. It then compares policies across several states on issues like online systems, operating hours, women's employment, record keeping, and skills training. The goal is to standardize best practices and support a thriving retail industry.
India’s labour reforms have seldom been more than confrontations with the ghosts from the past. Instead of being proactive by identifying the challenges ahead, labour reforms of the country have largely remained reactive in nature.
The Model Shops and Establishments Act aims to regulate working conditions and promote ease of doing business. It addresses inadequacies in existing state laws like rigid work hours and complex registration. The goals of the Act are equity, uniformity, social security benefits for employees, job creation, and improving transparency and accountability through a single window system and better enforcement.
Swaathanthryathinte Saambathikashaastram
‘Swaathanthryathinte Saambathikashaastram’, an e-book published by CPPR is the first Malayalam translation of ‘The Economics of Freedom: What Your Professor won’t Tell You’. This seminal work by Frederic Bastiat, a 19th-century French political economist, employs logic and humour to explain the fallacies on which government intervention in the economy rests. This little book will be a brief introduction to ‘the most brilliant economic journalist who ever lived’.
The sheer size of the electorate in the most populous state of the country which chooses candidates over 403 constituencies makes the election in Uttar Pradesh the most closely fought and closely watched. The almost month long political battle was a triangular contest. The ruling Samajwadi Party forged an alliance with the Congress and entered in a seat sharing arrangement. While the BJP hopes to sustain the Modi wave which helped them win 71 out of the 80 Lok Sabha seats in 2014 elections, Mayawati would be hoping to get her caste- community arithmetic right, which had helped her seize power in 2007.
Here, an attempt by Ms Anupama Ghosh to understand the emerging trends in UP elections by compiling and analyzing the past data from the elections in 2007, 2012 and 2014.
This ppt is a analysis of the Punjab Assembly Election 2017 based on the outcome of previous Assembly elections of 2007 and 2012.
This study is done by Centre for Public Policy Research , Compiled by Anupama Gosh and the Graphics by Spandan Ghose Chowdhury.
When evaluating mass transit options for Indian cities, metro rail systems are given preference over surface systems due to the belief that road-based bus systems cannot cater to the capacity requirement as much as metro systems can. In addition, metro rails are perceived to have higher levels of comfort, speed, and efficiency than bus systems.
The primary objective of this paper is to study gold and consumer behavior. The respondents were consumers from various selected gold jewellery outlets in Cochin and Delhi. During the course of this study, the researcher tries to find the various incentives that encourage people to invest in general, and also the level of awareness and the general attitude of consumers towards gold as an investment. It also studies the consumer behavior of how people choose to buy gold, when they do and the various reasons for it. From the study it is found out that the demand for gold as an investment is gaining momentum among consumers, especially in Cochin and Delhi. The study also makes it clear that gold is price sensitive at low prices but it is insensitive to price increase, especially in Kerala. This finding has a lot of implications when Authorities formulate policies to curb consumption of gold.
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI modelsZilliz
Building Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems with open-source and custom AI models is a complex task. This talk explores the challenges in productionizing RAG systems, including retrieval performance, response synthesis, and evaluation. We’ll discuss how to leverage open-source models like text embeddings, language models, and custom fine-tuned models to enhance RAG performance. Additionally, we’ll cover how BentoML can help orchestrate and scale these AI components efficiently, ensuring seamless deployment and management of RAG systems in the cloud.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
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"We abuse land because we regard it as a commodity belonging to us. When we see
land as a community to which we belong, we may begin to use it with love and respect."
- Aldo Leopold
INTRODUCTION
Cities grow at an alarming rate, trying to accommodate the teaming millions
within its urban embrace as the same millions clamor at its gates for salvation from the
twin evils of impoverishment and unemployment. But, land has seized to be a flexible
commodity. The author, Gladys Taber once said, ‘My own recipe for world peace is a
little bit of land for everyone’. However, with population increasing by the minute, land
has become a scarce commodity, often owned only in the painted landscape of dreams.
This land scarcity becomes a much-bemoaned urban nightmare because of
housing issues. The cities, with their constricted spaces and constructions find it difficult
to provide proper, affordable and sturdy dwellings to all those who migrate to them. The
lack of proper housing, in turn causes the urban poor to set up ramshackle lodgings and
mud huts over conveniently empty spots, whose girths quietly widen and become their
domains, known commonly as slums and ghettos. Here, poverty runs rampant, hand-in-
hand with other urban problems. The end result would be sprawling areas of urban land,
often in the heart of the city teaming with the urban poor, upon whom the urban elite
looks down with distaste. In the shadows of the same, poor urban governance and lack of
planning bow in shame while elements of real estate mafia quietly spread their hood.
FSI or more commonly understood as Floor-Scale-Index (or FAR or Floor Area
Ratio) were foreign terms, present only in the languages of the architects and building
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constructors. But, now we see urban governance tout them as answers to deliverance
from poor urban planning and the constant population migration from rural areas. Floor
Scale Ratio is the ratio between the extent of land to the plinth area or the boundary
walls. It becomes significant because it is this that deigns the amount of land a building
or any construction may possess at any given point of time. It demarcates the boundaries
and in well-planned cities, limits the constructional sprawl so that there may be enough
room for public recreation spaces and public access ways.
A hike in FSI is often seen as liberating ground space, for it operates to create
‘cities in the sky’ – tall skyscrapers capable of housing a 1000 households and perhaps an
entire working economy within its chrome windows. They are peddled as the future of
urban housing and the solution to all housing related problems, not to mention the
population influx. But, in the heady relief that accompanies such a discovery, urban
planners often forget key factors that influence them.
It would not be my prerogative to declare FSI and its future possibilities as being
either of a positive or negative nature. Infact, it would be downright unwise to do. A hike
in FSI might prove beneficial in certain sectors, while others may not prosper from it. A
true answer may come only from a tried and tested formula. I seek only to present certain
possibilities, nay, hypothetical scenarios that may result from a hike in FSI.
If indeed by 2050, as studies indicate, India is going to be the most populated
country in the world, then most of her population is going to be residing in cities, which
would, incidentally, have to be mega-cities by then. The Question most people are
confronted with then would be – ‘Why not have an increase in FSI from now on, to face
those future housing-related problems?’ After all, prevention is better than cure.
The common man rationalizes that if hiking FSI in cities is problematic, purely
because its consequences would be beyond the capacity of the current infrastructure, all
that need be done, would be to hike it in those areas where future planning can be
incorporated i.e. half-planned or totally unplanned areas. They figure in letting FSI be the
encouraging factor for investors to invest in such areas and thus deviate the urbanization
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process to them, accomplishing the dual goals of 1) preventing an increased drain on
already prevalent urban resources and 2) optimum utilization of empty urban plots.
However, the downside to the same would be that the government will have to be
prodded to provide the necessary infrastructure to these areas, because when you come
down to it, who wants to migrate or invest in areas, albeit a higher FSI, if there is a
shortage of basic necessities like water, sewage treatment plans, electricity etc?
Most of the arguments against hiking FSI stem from the lack of public infrastructure,
but a good amount of it also comes from the fact that there are social, economical and
ecological problems. The goal of high-rise buildings is to integrate cost efficient housing
and a healthy dose of imagination thereby transforming the building from being a
concrete box into a living, breathing and self-sustaining entity in itself. Most planners,
when asked about the possibilities of a FSI hike, point out the disastrous effects it created
in Mumbai. There, the slum rehabilitation procedures went on to play a real-estate drama
where, though the thought and the spirit of city-planners were much appreciated, the
eventual outcome was a mockery of the same. The city continued to remain over-run with
poor housing and flooded with congestion but in addition, now sported half-build
structures looming over the uneven urban terrain, like stone gargoyles overlooking old
citadels.
Perhaps, as seen from their perspective, the consequences of a higher FSI are
destructive. However, from a common man’s perspective, the prospects look good. The
following are the possible outcomes a hike in FSI could have on its various variables:
Planning
FSI can be defined simply as the ratio Total Floor Area/ Plot Area. If higher FSI is made
a part of planned development, it could facilitate better housing and commercial facilities.
Integration of commercial and residential zones (Mixed zones) may also encourage better
public transportation facilities. Lack of planning could be disastrous since the
consequences of an unplanned FSI could give grief to the existing urban infrastructure
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Population
As population increases and more and more people migrate to cities (this being an
inevitable process), the need for housing in urban areas become more urgent. Thus, the
value of land hikes in order to meet this need.
Poverty
When the poor do not get adequately housed, they take to the streets and street dwelling.
Slums become commonplace, inspite of the flourishing city life around it. Such illegal
areas, unrestrained by land and FSI regulations can have any amount of FSI to meet the
needs of the people.
Migration
FSI can help increase housing, but an increase in FSI having caused a simultaneous
increase in urban housing can also contribute to urbanization, by increasing migration
from rural areas.
Transfer of Development Rights or (TDR’s)
If the right to develop a property were separated from the bulk of property rights, being
able to sell build-up-area separately would resolve issues of conservation of historical
property and many zoning problems. In a country like India where property rights don’t
exist, a possibility to trade, at least in cases of government acquisition of private property,
(in the name of public interest of course) paying back such private owners, who have
been deprived of their property, with the FSI instead of cash, would definitely be more
profitable with a view to both in terms of investing in future infrastructure and a boost to
organized planning. FSI having become a marketable commodity would be capable of
being bought and sold like shares. The market can regulate the value of FSI and how
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much it should cost. FSI can be sold as a whole or as piece meal. This can be extremely
beneficial in 3 cases: (a) where land has low developmental potential, (b) it’s a heritage
site or natural conservatory and (c) the land has been so marked either by virtue of urban
master plans or the government wishes to acquire and use it for public good.
Land
If there is inadequate supply of land for housing needs and if FSI regulations and land
laws ‘lock’ urban lands, then an artificial real estate boom is created. Since the land
cannot meet the people’s needs, the value of land, being a scarce commodity, skyrockets.
Available land will end up being classified as developable land and un-developable land
(Purely from a commercial perspective.) Such un-developable land could have value
from a cultural, social or other perspective, e.g.: heritage land. It could come within
different zones as per expected planning – commercial, residential, mixed-use,
institutional, industrial etc. It would open up infinite possibilities for the market and bring
about a radical concept of trade in FSI’s. The owners of the developable land would buy
FSI from the owners of un-developable ones and build up on their property using said
FSI thus facilitating structured development. And, if there is less developable land, then
land remains in constant demand.
Those who trade in for the greater FSI can be compelled to pay for the public
infrastructure needed by them to support the same. For every 100% of FSI bought by a
developer, a percentage of it could be put to compulsory utilization (say, through Private-
Public partnerships) for building low cost, quality housing for the poor and the low-
income groups. The urban poor should also be given the property titles to the same, thus
preventing illegal settlements and slums. This can be encouraged in areas capable of
further development, thus ensuring self-sustainability. Further, if this is incorporated
within proper planning, it leaves enough land for open spaces, recreational activities etc.
And, since development takes place vertically, accommodating an (supposed and
unprecedented) increasing population would be easier.
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Land Use
The purpose for which a particular land is sought to be put to use would affect FSI to a
great deal, since commercial districts or zones, which seek to erect multi-storeyed
buildings to meet retail space, would obviously have a larger FSI than residential zones.
If a bus depot could occupy the vacant area below the flyover, that would amount to a
multi-intensive use of land (MILU). A playground above an underground complex would
meet both recreational needs of residents as well as the commercial demands of the
economy. If retail space is a commodity, underground-shopping areas near bus and train
stops could achieve high real estate value and contribute towards multi-intensive use of
land. Multi-intensive-land-use could be the answer to efficient utilization of urban land
and striking a balance between real estate needs and needs of the common man.
Transportation
Flyovers, public transport system (buses and train terminals) better roads etc form a part
of transportation facilities. Planned development needs to take into account a
simultaneous increase in road transport, which mandates wider roads and pedestrian areas
for private and public transport. Increasing FSI in planned localities allows more road
width and thereby better commutation. Residential areas will thus have more open
spaces, preventing unnecessary hazards on the road in the form of children playing.
Flyovers prevent traffic congestion by allowing traffic to proceed both above and below,
unhindered
Income
If the land can be put to different uses at the same time (read, MILU), income can
become much more than a variable, it can become a deciding factor. Hypothetically
speaking, a person, who owns a property of historical value and thus unable to develop it,
could sell the development rights to that property to more than one person, if need be and
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yet continue to earn from the land itself, by virtue of it’s historical value. Thus,
economically, his needs are met and conservationists are happy too.
Inflation and Rent Control
Inflation in land prices could be curtailed by the fact that developers who wish to further
build-up on their land have to buy the FSI (at market price and not government
subsidized rates) from those with land incapable of development, pay higher government
taxes and provide low cost housing. Since, only those people who can afford to stay in
such high-rise buildings are going to inhabit them, payment of rent is not going to be an
issue. The upper floors with a view of the city/ more rooms/penthouses can be allotted to
high income groups, while the middle class can be accommodated in the lower floors
(within normal FSI) and pay rent accordingly. Thus, the rent being regulated by the
market, there would be no need for archaic and obsolete rent control laws.
Investments
If FSI is tradable in the market like shares, then selling it to the highest bidder could have
a TDR owner engaging in a profitable transaction. If it were possible to demand housing
in return for granting FSI, then it is possible to solve housing issues. Land titles have to
effectively belong to the inhabitants. Tenant-ship causes FSI to go to a waste. It also
reduces the tradability of land, having it locked in either rent control laws or some other
form of legislations or court cases. It depreciates the values of buildings. If old
depreciated buildings, at the point of decapitation have tenants who need relocation but if
existing FSI norms prevent the same, then the building can be built up to the existing FSI
norms and the remaining FSI sold in exchange of tenancy rights (in the lower floors) for a
reasonable period of time. After the tenancy rights have expired, the tenants can be given
the choice of either purchasing the dwelling at the market price or moving out.
People
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If such a mode l, as discussed above, were hypothetically possible, both People and FSI
would be the two variables. If it is possible to deign how much space is necessary for a
family of 4 or 5 when it is time to allocate land through a housing programme, then
technically, it should be equally possible with an area 100 times the same size.
Impediments that could probably stand in the way might be that allocating space for a
residential area is far different from a commercial or industrial purpose, unless the
various job requirements can be clearly demarcated along with the necessary placing of
resources. A flexible FSI could reassure the organization that, should there ever be a
shortage of space, building up could be a solution. But then again, if it is an industrial
organization, perhaps some of their equipments may not be capable of such elevation.
That could turn out to be a problem whose answer may bring us to a dead end. Perhaps
proper planning and a good dose of ingenuity could resolve the same.
CONCLUSION
A way, in which a higher FSI can be brought about, is through its gradual
introduction into urban renewal. It is impractical to conclude that because the current
infrastructure is strained, there can be no higher FSI. Without higher FSI in city areas,
often, urban sprawling can take place in those far-flung places where there are no basic
amenities or where the outreach of the same is impossible. While ideally, it is necessary
to have infrastructure first and a higher FSI later, it is not impossible to have both go in
tandem. As can be evidenced in most Southern cities, a lack of higher FSI leads to a
concentration of construction activities in merely commercial sectors like the hospitality
or corporate industries and also causes loss to developers because of the ever-increasing
land prices. But all this is possible on the assumption that market remains constant and
there are no great fluctuations in land value. Though constant re-assessments in land price
and FSI values will have to be conducted in order to keep up such as mechanism, it is my
personal belief that there is a good possibility for such a model to effectively function.
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