The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Diagnostic imaging / dental implant courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
principles, applications, advantages, disadvantages, guidelines, uses of cone beam computed tomography in the field of orthodontics and dentistry in general
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnostic imaging / dental implant courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
principles, applications, advantages, disadvantages, guidelines, uses of cone beam computed tomography in the field of orthodontics and dentistry in general
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Radiographs used in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Ind...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
Imaging for dental implants is a simplified informative presentation about imaging modalities used in dental implants procedure. it will give you a brief about the development of the Xray.
Once novel, Invisalign is now a digital orthodontic appliance used to treat millions of patients. This customized appliance is created by the aid of sophisticated 3D imaging and animation tools that enable virtual simulation of tooth movements. Tooth movements resemble a filmstrip, and each frame is called a stage. Each stage corresponds to a set of clear plastic aligner trays. As the trays are worn by the patient, every tray pushes the teeth 0.25-0.33mm at a time (Tuncay 2006). Each tray or aligner is composed of clear, removable polyurethane, which provides esthetic and more comfortable appliance wear experience than the traditional fixed appliances. This unique and esthetic alternative to tooth movement continues to recruit more patients to orthodontic therapy.
Cone beam computed tomography.DR. ANUBHUTI Dental Institute RIMS Anubhuti Singh
Cone beam computed tomography
Carm CT
Cone beam volume CT
Flat panel CT
Extra-oral imaging system specifically designed for three dimensional imaging of the oral and maxillofacial structures
ALARA Principle
Principal of cbct- Field of view
voxel
is a diagnostic imaging modality that provide high quality ,CBCT uses systems that are ideal in capturing images of hard tissues especially in the maxillofacial region
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Recent advances in diagnostic aids /certified fixed orthodontic courses by In...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Diagnosis is the first step in planning any treatment. For implant placement there are various diagnostic methods which are used prior to its placement inside the oral cavity.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Radiographs used in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Ind...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
Imaging for dental implants is a simplified informative presentation about imaging modalities used in dental implants procedure. it will give you a brief about the development of the Xray.
Once novel, Invisalign is now a digital orthodontic appliance used to treat millions of patients. This customized appliance is created by the aid of sophisticated 3D imaging and animation tools that enable virtual simulation of tooth movements. Tooth movements resemble a filmstrip, and each frame is called a stage. Each stage corresponds to a set of clear plastic aligner trays. As the trays are worn by the patient, every tray pushes the teeth 0.25-0.33mm at a time (Tuncay 2006). Each tray or aligner is composed of clear, removable polyurethane, which provides esthetic and more comfortable appliance wear experience than the traditional fixed appliances. This unique and esthetic alternative to tooth movement continues to recruit more patients to orthodontic therapy.
Cone beam computed tomography.DR. ANUBHUTI Dental Institute RIMS Anubhuti Singh
Cone beam computed tomography
Carm CT
Cone beam volume CT
Flat panel CT
Extra-oral imaging system specifically designed for three dimensional imaging of the oral and maxillofacial structures
ALARA Principle
Principal of cbct- Field of view
voxel
is a diagnostic imaging modality that provide high quality ,CBCT uses systems that are ideal in capturing images of hard tissues especially in the maxillofacial region
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Recent advances in diagnostic aids /certified fixed orthodontic courses by In...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Diagnosis is the first step in planning any treatment. For implant placement there are various diagnostic methods which are used prior to its placement inside the oral cavity.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Recent advances in radiographic technique /certified fixed orthodontic course...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Recent advances in radiographic technique /certified fixed orthodontic course...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Diagnostic imaging /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental acad...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Management of impacted teeth /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indi...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
A very precise and intimate description on radiographic considerations in dental implants, since the advent of the first radiographic modality in 1905, the dental health care professionals have been striving to achieve clarity & excellence in the development & usage of dental radiographic imaging modalities.
I hope this presentation will make this wonderful topic more understandable and easier to digest in the minds of young and experienced dental health care professionals.
by Dr Ishaan Adhaulia
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Similar to Diagnostic imaging in implants /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy (20)
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
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at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
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If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
3.with hundreds of pictures.
4.Demo on Models
5.Demo on Patients
6. subtitles in your own language
12 months unlimited access and support @350 USD only.
For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
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Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
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We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
3. Imaging modalities.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
•Can also be classified as
Periapical radiography
Analog and digital
Panoramic radiogrphy
2- dimensional and 3Occlusal radiography
dimensional.
Cephalometric radiography
Tomography
Computed tomography
Magnetic resonance imaging.
Interactive computed tomography.
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4. • Imaging modlities can be divided into
– planar two dimensional
– Quasi three dimensional
– Three dimensional
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5. Planar two dimensional.
• It includes
–
–
–
–
Periapical
bite wing
occlusal
cephalometric imaging
• These are simple two dimensional projection of the
patients anatomy.
• It is not possible for the clinician to develop a three
dimensional perspective of the patients anatomy with a
single image.
• With a number of cleverly oriented projections it is
possible to develop some useful three dimensional
information
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6. Quasi three dimensional
• It includes
– X –ray tomography
– Cross sectional panoramic imaging techniques.
• With these techniques, a number of loosely
spaced tomographic images are produced.
• 3-dimensional perspective of the patient
anatomy is developed by viewing each
image and mentally filling in the gaps.
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7. 3 dimensional imaging.
• It includes
– Computed tomography.
– Magnetic resonance imaging.
• It enables the clinician to view a volume of
the patients anatomy.
• These techniques are quantitatively accurate
and 3-D models of the patients anatomy can
be derived from the image date and used to
produce stereotactic surgical guides and
prosthetic frameworks.
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8. Implant imaging can be divided
into 3 phases.
• Phase I : Preprosthetic implant imaging.
• Phase II : Surgical and interventional
implant imaging.
• Phase III : Postprosthetic implant
imaging.
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9. Preprosthetic Implant
Imaging.
• It involves
a. All past radiologic examinations.
b. New radiologic examinations to
assist in final and comprehensive
treatment plan.
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10. Objectives
1. To rule out presence of disease at the
proposed surgery site.
2. to determine the bone quantity,
3. to determine the bone density
4. To evaluate the relationship of critical
structures to the prospective implant sites.
5. Determine the optimum position of implant
placement relative to occlusal loads.
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11. Periapical radiography.
• Periapical radiographs provide a high resolution
planar image of a limited region of the jaws.
• No 2 size dental film provides a 25 by 40 mm
view of the jaw with each image.
• Periapical radiographs provide a lateral view of
the jaws and no cross sectional information.
• Adjacent periapical radiographs made with limited
oblique orientations , third dimensional
information is of little use for the implant imaging.
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12. • Periapical radiographs suffer from both
distortion and magnification.
• Millimeter radio opaque grids like those
used in Endodontics can be used – but
usually provide misleading information.
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13. How good are periapical in terms of objectives
of preprosthetic imaging?
• It is a useful high –yield modality for ruling out local
bone or dental disease.
• Is of limited value in determining quantity because the
image is magnified, may be distorted and does not depict
the third dimension of bone width.
• Of limited value in determining bone density or
mineralization (lateral cortical plates prevent accurate
interpretation and cannot differentiate subtle trabecular bone
changes).
• Of value in identifying critical structures. But poor in
depicting spatial relationship between the structures and
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the proposed implant site.
14. • in preprosthetic phase periapical
radiographs are often used for single tooth
implants in regions of abundant bone width.
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15. Occlusal Radiography.
• Occlusal radiographs produce high
resolution planar images of the body of the
mandible or the maxilla.
• Placement of film parallel to the occlusal
plane
• central X-ray
– Mandible: perpendicular to the film
– Maxilla: oblique (usually 45 degrees) to the
film.
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17. •
Maxillary occlusal radiographs are
inherently oblique and so distorted they are
of no quantitative use for implant dentistry.
• Mandibular occlusal radiograph is less
distorted
1. BUT Mandibular alveolus generally flares
anteriorly and demonstrates a lingual
inclination posteriorly, producing an
oblique and distorted image of the
mandibular alveolus, which is of little use
in implant dentistry.
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18. 2. Shows widest width of the bone whereas
the width at the crest is of more
diagnostic value.
3. Degree of mineralization of trabecular
bone is not determined from this
projection.
4. Spatial relationship between critical
structures such as mandibular canal and
mental foramen and the proposed implant
site is lost.
• Occlusal radiographs are rarely indicated
for diagnostic preprosthetic phases in
implant dentistry
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19. Cephalometric radiographs
• Cephalometric radiographs are oriented planar
radiographs of the skull.
• The skull is oriented with respect to the x-ray
device and the image receptor using a
Cephalometer.
• The geometry of cephalometric imaging devices
results in a 10% magnification of the image with a
60 inch focal object and a 6 inch object to film
distance.
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20. • Lateral cephalometric radiograph:
– is produced with the patients mid sagittal
plane oriented parallel to the image
receptor.
• With a slight rotation of the Cephalometer,
a cross sectional image of the mandible or
maxilla can be demonstrated in the lateral
incisor or in the canine regions as well.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
22. 1. It demonstrates the geometry of the alveolus in
the anterior region and the relationship of the
lingual plate to the patients skeletal anatomy.
Useful in placing mandibular anterior implants.
2. Width of the bone in symphysis region- for
harvesting this bone for ridge augmentation.
3. Together with regional periapical radiographs
spatial relationships can be visualized.
4. Evaluating loss of vertical dimension
5. Skeletal arch interrelationship
6. Anterior implant crown ratio
7. Anterior tooth position in prosthesis
8. Resultant moment of force.
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23. • This technique is not useful for
demonstrating bone quality.
• It is useful tool for the development of an
implant treatment plan especially for the
completely edentulous patient.
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24. Panoramic radiography.
• It is a curved plane tomographic radiographic
technique used to depict the body of the
mandible, maxilla, and the lower one half of the
maxillary sinuses in a single image.
• It is probably the most utilized diagnostic
modality in implant dentistry Though it is not
the most diagnostic.
• It produces an image of a section of the jaws of
variable thickness and magnification.
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25. • Tomographic section thickness is
approximately 20mm in the posterior region
and 6 mm in anterior region.
• Image receptor has traditionally been an Xray film but may be a digital storage
phosphor plate or a digital CCD receptor.
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26. • Non uniform magnification of structures
produces images with distortion that cannot
be compensated for in treatment planning
• Vertical magnification is approximately
10%.
• Horizontal magnification is 20% and varies
according to
•
•
•
•
anatomic location.
Position of the patient
Focus object distance.
Location of the rotation center
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27. •
Disadvantages
1. Does not demonstrate bone
quality/mineralization.
2. Is misleading quantitatively because of
magnification and because the third dimension,
cross sectional view is not demonstrated.
3. Is of some use in demonstrating critical structures
but of little use in depicting the spatial
relationship between the structures and
dimensional quantification of the implant site.
4. Dimensions of inclined structures cannot be
relied upon in panoramic radiographs.
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28. • Advantages.
1.Opposing landmarks are easily identified
2.The vertical height of bone initially can be
assessed.
3.Te procedure is performed with convenience,
ease ,and speed inmost dental offices.
4.Gross anatomy of the jaws and any related
pathologic findings can be evaluated.
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29. • Posterior maxillary regions are generally
the least distorted regions of the panoramic
radiographs.
• Maxillary edentulous anterior region is
often the most difficult area of a panoramic
radiograph to evaluate because of the
curvature of the alveolus and the inclination
of the bone.
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30. Zonography
• This is a modification of the panoramic xray machine with the capability of making a
cross sectional image of the jaws.
• This technique enables the appreciation of
spatial relationship between the critical
structures and the implant site and
quantification of the geometry of the implant
site.
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31. tomography
• It is a generic term,formed from the reek
words tome(slice ) and graph(picture).
• It was adopted in 1962 by the international
commission on radiologic units and
measurements(ICRU) to describe all forms
of body section radiography.
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32. Components.
• Fulcrum bar
• Fulcrum : it remains stationary and defines the
section of interest or the tomographic layer.
• Different tomographic sections are produced by
adjusting the position of the fulcrum or the
position of the patient relative to the fulcrum in
fixed geometry systems.
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33. • Linear tomography is the simplest form of
tomography where the X-ray tube and film
move in a straight line.
• Complex motion, high quality
tomography is described by two dimensional
motion of the tube and film.
– It results in relatively uniform blurring of the
regions of the patients anatomy adjacent to the
tomographic section.
– Hypocycloidal motion is generally accepted as the
most effective blurring motion.
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34. • Large amplitude tube travel and 1 mm sections
are preferred for high contrast anatomic
objects whose geometry changes in a
relatively short distance,such as the alveolus of
the jaws
• Complex motion tomography helps in
– Quantification of the geometry of the alveolus.
– Determining spatial relationship between critical
structures.
– Quantity of alveolar bone available.
• Complex tomography is not particularly useful
in determining bone quality or identifying
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diseases
35. Computed tomography.
• Computed tomography(CT) is a digital and
mathematical imaging technique that
creates tomographic sections where the
tomographic layer is not contaminated by
blurred structures from adjacent anatomy.
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36. • It enables differentiation and quantification
of both soft and hard tissue.
• CT was invented by sir Hounsfield and
announced to the imaging world in1972.
• Ct produces axial images of a patients
anatomy .
• Axial images are produced perpendicular to
the long axis of the body.
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37. • The X-ray source is attached rigidly to a fan-beam
geometry detector array,which rotates 360 degrees
around the patient and collects data.
• The image detector is either a a gaseous or solid state
producing electronic signals that serve as input data
for a dedicated computer.
• The computer processes the data using back projection
Fourier algorithm techniques.
• The individual element of the CT image is called a
voxel,which has a value,referred to in hounsfield units,
that describe the density of the CT image at that point
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38. • Ct scanners are standardized at a hounsfield value
of 0 for water.
• The CT density scale is quantitative and
meaningful in identifying and differentiating
structures and tissues.
• The original imaging computer can create
secondary images from almost any perspective by
reprojecting or reformatting the original three
dimensional voxel data.
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39. • The utility of CT for dental implant
treatment planning was obvious from the
beginning
• But the access to these imaging techniques
was limited.
• This led to development of specific
techniques generally referred to as
Dentascan imaging.
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42. Dentascan
• The radiologist simply indicates the curvature of
the mandibular or maxillary arch.
• the computer is programmed to generate
referenced cross sectional and
tangential/panoramic images of the alveolus along
with 3-D images of the arch.
• The cross sectional and panoramic images are
spaced 1mm apart and enable accurate
preprosthetic treatment planning.
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43. Limitations of dentascan.
1. Images may not be of true size and require
compensation for magnification.
2. Determination of bone quality requires use of the
imaging computer or workstation.
3. Hard copy dentascan images only include a
limited range of the diagnostic gray scale of the
study.
4. Tilt of the patients head during the examination
is critical because all the cross sectional images
are perpendicular to the axial imaging plane
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44. • CT enables
–
–
–
–
Identification of disease
Determination of bone quality
Identification of critical structures
Determines orientation and position of implants
• Thus CT is capable of determining all five
of the radiologic objectives of the
preprosthetic implant imaging.
• Usually a diagnostic template is necessary
to take full advantage of the technique.
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45. Interactive computed
tomography(ICT)
• It address many of the limitations of CT.
• ICT is a technique that was developed to
bridge the gap in information transfer
between the radiologist and the clinician.
• The radiologist transfers the imaging study
to the clinician as a computer file for
clinician to view and interact with the
image in their own computer.
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46. • Clinicians computer becomes a diagnostic
radiologic workstation with tools to
measure the length and width of the
alveolus,measure bone quality ,and change
the window and level of gray scale of the
study to enhance the perception of critical
structures.
• An important feature of the ICT is that the
clinician and radiologist can perform
“electronic surgery “ (ES) by selecting and
placing arbitrary size cylinders that simulate
root form implants in the images.
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47. Limitations of ICT.
• Refinement and exact orientation of the
implant positions is difficult and
cumbersome.
• Executing the plan maybe difficult for the
surgical team.
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48. Magnetic resonance imaging.
• MR is a imaging technique used to image
the protons of the body by employing
magnetic fields, radio frequencies,electro
magnetic detectors,and computers.
• The technique was first announced by
lauterbur in 1972.
• It is a 3 dimensional imaging technique
with an electronic image acquisition process
and a resulting digital image.
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49. • The image sequence employed to obtain MR
images can be varied to obtain fat,water, or
balanced imaging of the patients anatomy.
• MR images are the antithesis of CT images
with cortical bone appearing dark or black
and fat or water appearing bright or white.
• Like CT,MR is a quantitatively accurate
technique with exact tomographic sections
and no distortions.
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50. • Complex tomography fails to differentiate the
inferior alveolar canal in 60% of the implant
cases
• CT fails to differentiate the inferior alveolar
canal in approximately 2% of implant cases.
• MR visualizes the fat in trabecular bone and
differentiates the inferior alveolar canal and
neurovascular bundle from the adjacent
trabecular bone.
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51. • MR is used in implant imaging as a
secondary imaging technique when primary
imaging techniques such as complex
tomography,CT or ICT fail.
• MR is not useful in characterizing bone
mineralization or a high yield technique for
identifying bone of dental disease.
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52. Surgical and interventional implant
imaging
•
•
It assists in the surgical and prosthetic
intervention of the patient.
Objectives
1) Evaluate the surgery sites during and immediately
after surgery.
2) Assist in the optimal position and orientation of the
dental implants
3) Evaluate the healing and integration phase of implant
surgery.
4) Ensure abutment position and prosthesis fabrication
are correct. www.indiandentalacademy.com
53. • As most implant surgeries are performed in
the doctors office rather than in hospital ,the
modalities are usually limited to periapical
and panoramic radiography.
• The patient can be generally imaged at
chair side with periapical radiography to
determine implant/osteotomy depth,position
and orientation.
• Disadv : approximately 5 minutes are
required in dark room procedure.
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54. • An x –ray examination is also performed to
determine if the metal framework or final
restoration is completely seated,and the
margins are acceptable around the implant
or teeth.
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55. Postprosthetic implant imaging.
•
•
It commences just after the prosthesis
placement and continues as long as the
implants remain in the jaws.
Objectives
1. Evaluate the long term maintenance of implant
rigid fixation and function.
2. Evaluate crestal bone levels
3. Evaluate the implant complex
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56. Bite wing radiographs
• The short and long term evaluation of
crestal bone loss around implants is best
evaluated with Intraoral radiographs.
• In these images ,the superior one third of
the implant is the region of interest.threaded
implants make quantification of marginal
bone loss easier to read.
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57. Temporal digital subtraction
radiography(SR).
• It is a radiographic technique that enables two
radiographs made at different points of time of the
same anatomic region to be subtracted resulting in
an image of the difference between the two
original radiographs.
• The resulting image shows changes inpatients
anatomy,such as alveolar mineralization or
volume changes.
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58. • SR has been shown to be considerable
more accurate at depicting changes in bone
mineralization and bone volume than
simply viewing the original periapical
radiographs.
• SR has limited utilization in clinical
practice because of the difficulty in
obtaining reproducible periapical
radiographs.
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