The document discusses the history and development of devolution in the United Kingdom. It notes that devolution movements can be traced back to the 19th century, with the establishment of nationalist parties like the SNP and Plaid Cymru. Ireland gained independence in 1921 after partition. Direct rule was imposed in Northern Ireland in the 1960s due to inter-community violence. The Good Friday Agreement in 1998 established a new system of devolved governance. Devolution came to Scotland and Wales in the 1990s and 1999 respectively due to growing nationalist sentiment and a desire for more self-governance, as well as political pragmatism within the Labour party. Referendums were held and legislation passed to create the Scottish Parliament and Welsh Assembly.
We are describe about EU, NATO and how they are working together to achieved some vital decision, Terrorism, EU Security concern, WMD(weapon of mass destruction), stability of peace etc.
PARLIAMENT AND STRUCTURE OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENTTallat Satti
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A parliamentary system is a system of democratic governance of a state in which the executive branch derives its democratic legitimacy from, and is held accountable to, the legislature (parliament); the executive and legislative branches are thus interconnected
Local Government Reforms in Pakistan: Context, Content and Causes fatanews
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This paper examines the recent decentralization reforms in Pakistan under
General Musharraf. We highlight major aspects of this reform and analyze its
evolution in a historical context to better understand potential causes behind this
current decentralization. Analyzing the evolution of local government reforms in
Pakistan is interesting because each of the three major reform experiments has
been instituted at the behest of a non-representative centre using a âtop downâ
approach. Each of these reform experiments is a complementary change to a
wider constitutional reengineering strategy devised to further centralization of
political power in the hands of the non-representative centre. We argue that the
design of the local government reforms in these contexts becomes endogenous to
the centralization objectives of the non-representative centre. It is hoped that
analyzing the Pakistani experience will help shed light on the positive political
economy question of why non-representative regimes have been willing
proponents of decentralization to the local level.
We are describe about EU, NATO and how they are working together to achieved some vital decision, Terrorism, EU Security concern, WMD(weapon of mass destruction), stability of peace etc.
PARLIAMENT AND STRUCTURE OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENTTallat Satti
Â
A parliamentary system is a system of democratic governance of a state in which the executive branch derives its democratic legitimacy from, and is held accountable to, the legislature (parliament); the executive and legislative branches are thus interconnected
Local Government Reforms in Pakistan: Context, Content and Causes fatanews
Â
This paper examines the recent decentralization reforms in Pakistan under
General Musharraf. We highlight major aspects of this reform and analyze its
evolution in a historical context to better understand potential causes behind this
current decentralization. Analyzing the evolution of local government reforms in
Pakistan is interesting because each of the three major reform experiments has
been instituted at the behest of a non-representative centre using a âtop downâ
approach. Each of these reform experiments is a complementary change to a
wider constitutional reengineering strategy devised to further centralization of
political power in the hands of the non-representative centre. We argue that the
design of the local government reforms in these contexts becomes endogenous to
the centralization objectives of the non-representative centre. It is hoped that
analyzing the Pakistani experience will help shed light on the positive political
economy question of why non-representative regimes have been willing
proponents of decentralization to the local level.
A review on 'Local Governance and Development - The Kerala Experience', a paper published in the journal of the development and research organisation for nature, arts and heritage, Volume III, issue 2. It was a special issue on JnnURM published in 2006.
Administrative relation between centre and state art l lb cjyoti dharm
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The scheme of allocating the administrative responsibilities is drawn for the purpose of :-
The administration of law.
Achieving co-ordination between the centre and states.
The settlement of disputes between the centre and states.
Lecture on 21 December 2015 at the roundtable discussion organized by the European Parliament Office in Cyprus on the subject "Federal States in the EU: Challenges and Opportunities"
The Indian Constitution incorporates a very elaborate scheme of centre state financial relations. Its chief characteristics are :-
The complete separation of taxing powers between centre and states
Tax sharing between the two
The allocation of funds to the state
2 The tax enumerated in the centre list are leviable by the centre exclusively.
The tax enumerated in the state list are leviable by the state exclusively
A review on 'Local Governance and Development - The Kerala Experience', a paper published in the journal of the development and research organisation for nature, arts and heritage, Volume III, issue 2. It was a special issue on JnnURM published in 2006.
Administrative relation between centre and state art l lb cjyoti dharm
Â
The scheme of allocating the administrative responsibilities is drawn for the purpose of :-
The administration of law.
Achieving co-ordination between the centre and states.
The settlement of disputes between the centre and states.
Lecture on 21 December 2015 at the roundtable discussion organized by the European Parliament Office in Cyprus on the subject "Federal States in the EU: Challenges and Opportunities"
The Indian Constitution incorporates a very elaborate scheme of centre state financial relations. Its chief characteristics are :-
The complete separation of taxing powers between centre and states
Tax sharing between the two
The allocation of funds to the state
2 The tax enumerated in the centre list are leviable by the centre exclusively.
The tax enumerated in the state list are leviable by the state exclusively
With Bangsamoro in mind, How PH can Learn from UK and its Handling of IrelandSonnie Santos
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This is the presentation of the British Embassy on the Forum on Devolution and Autonomy, to share lessons on their handling of Ireland. This lessons can be applied on how PH can handle the issues involving the Bangsamoro autonomy and the creation of the Bangsamoro Basic Law.
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Scottish Devolution Essay examples
Devolution is the transfer of powers from a central body to subordinate regional bodies. In Scotland, Devolution was set up to restore legitimacy to a system of government that reflected Scottish preferences. The reason behind the demand for Scottish self government is that Scotland had the historic status of nationhood before the Union of 1707 and within the Union, has a different set of legal, educational and religious institutions that reinforce a Scottish identity.
The Scottish National Party (SNP) was founded In 1934 and In 1960 was found oil in the North Sea, what changed the Scottish public opinion about the Union as the main cause to join it was economical; having oil would suppose economical independence from England.
In 1967...show more content...In October 1974 is was held another elections and the SNP representation in the Parliament raised to 11 seats. The Labour Government became weaker and started to prepare the legal situation for the incoming Referendum. The Government failed in amend a bill for Scotland and Wales Devolution, but it was introduced a separate amendment which made necessary the 40% of the eligible Scottish electorate to vote yes for the effective devolution of powers, that was known as the Cunningham Amendment. The 1st of March of 1979 it was held a referendum and Yes won but with not enough representation to reach the 40% needed to start the Scottish devolution.
Scottish devolution was defeated in the referendum and the two biggest parties campaigned for No . The SNP considered the results as a victory for devolution but was against the referendum as they were campaigning about the complete independence.
In 1
The ideology of New Labour, split between neoliberalism and social democracy to create a 'Third Way'. Exploration of this meaning and New Labour in government from 1997-2007.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
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Letâs explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
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It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using âinvisibleâ attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
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Francesca Gottschalk from the OECDâs Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasnât one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Operation âBlue Starâ is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
1. Devolution
Definition: A process of constitutional
reform whereby power, but NOT legal
sovereignty, is distributed to national or
regional institutions.
2. Background to Devolution
⢠Movements for reform can be traced back
to the 19th
Century
⢠The SNP came into existence on 1928,
Plaid Cymru 1925
⢠Ireland was granted almost full
independence in 1921
⢠Ireland, a different issue, following
PARTITION was self-governing under the
British Crown
3. IRELAND
⢠Inter-community violence in the 1960s led
to DIRECT RULE from London
⢠In 1972, devolution was ABOLISHED
⢠1998 the GOOD FRIDAY AGREEMENT
was signed, bringing with it a new system
of devolved governance
4. Homework
⢠Research the last century of Irish political
history
⢠To what extent would you agree with the
statement that â The reform of the British
constitution remains unfinished businessâ.
Discuss with particular reference to the
situation in Ireland
5. Devolution in the 1990s
⢠The 1980s saw financial prosperity that
somewhat assuaged the desire for
devolution
⢠1987 saw a huge financial crash, which, in
turn led to the re emergence of cries for
devolution
⢠The reasons for this were three fold
6. Demand for devolution
1. Under Thatcher, the Scots and Welsh resented the
fact that the Conservative MANDATE was weak in the
two countries. As Conservative support weakened, so
demands for self government grew
2. The Labour Party in Scotland and Wales felt
threatened by nationalist voting. It feared it might lose
support like the Conservatives.
3. Scotland was hugely resentful over the early
introduction of the Poll Tax one year before England
and Wales. This was the final nail in the conservative
coffin
4. 1988 saw the Scottish Constitutional Convention come
out firmly in favour of devolution. This was an example
of multi-party political opinion
7. Demand for Devolution
5. 1993 saw the Welsh Language gain official
recognition.
6. The end of the Cold War saw a global upsurge in
national feelings. Spirit of self- determination spread to
Wales and Scotland
7. John Smith, who took over the Labour Party leadership
in 1992 was a convinced devolutionist
8. The Labour Party in the 1990s believed it would need
the co operation of the Liberal Democrats to secure
and retain power. Devolution was a key Lib Dem
policy, so the Labour Party made a PRAGMATIC
decision to adopt this also
8. How Devolution Came about: a model of how constitutional
change is effected in Parliamentary Democracies
⢠Labour adopted devolution as part of its manifesto, providing a
MANDATE for change when they won power in 1997
⢠Labour had to win well in Scotland and particularly not allow any
Conservative resurgence
⢠Referendums were held, soon after the 1997 elections. Key to the
relevance of these was
â Turnout: this had to be high enough for it to be taken seriously
â A vote of Yes had to be given. Scotland 74.3% voted yes, Wales 50.3%,
which should not have been enough
⢠Legislation had to be passed. As Labour had a huge majority this
was no issue, although there was a stumbling block over the
application of income tax in Scotland. The Scottish Parliament
wanted tax varying powers, or what the Conservatives termed
âStealth Taxâ power to vary the income tax in Scotland of +/- 3%
⢠The actual elections in Scotland and Wales. Question marks over
turnout proved to be born out; Wales showed a 46% turnout,
Scotland 58%. This suggested that too few people were interested
in devolution.
9. Devolution Realised
⢠In 1999, the Scottish Parliament and Welsh
Assembly same into existence.
⢠Scotland: Coalition government between Labour
and Lib Dems with Donald Dewar as First
Minister
⢠Wales: Labour formed a minority executive
under Alun Michael, later replaced by Rhodri
Morgan in 2001. In the same year a coalition
was formed between Labour and Lib Dems
10. Three Types of Devolution
1. Administrative Devolution: where limited
powers are transferred. This means the
devolved administration controls
allocation of public funds, the nature of
administration, the ways in which laws
should be implemented and the passage
of secondary legislation (those rules and
regulations that can be imposed under
powers granted by Parliament in
Westminster)
11. 2. Financial Devolution: the ability for the
devolved administration to raise its own
taxes. Most funds available come from
central government in the form of grants.
This means there is very little financial
independence Granting taxation powers
conveys a great deal of autonomy.
12. 3. Legislative Devolution: the transfer of
power to make PRIMARY legislation.
This is the distinction between the
Scottish Parliament and the Welsh
Assembly
13. Homework
⢠In groups, prepare a presentation on the
following topics:
⢠Devolution in Scotland (p184-7)
⢠Devolution in Wales (p187-9)
⢠Devolution in Northern Ireland (p190-3)
⢠English Regional Devolution and an
assessment of devolution (p193 onwards)
14. THERE WILL BE A PRIZEâŚ
⢠For the group who makes this the most
interesting; think outside the box people!
⢠You MUST make handouts (to be emailed
to me so I can print out)
⢠You COULD make it regional (bagpipes,
anyone?)
⢠You MAY make it interactive (think
debate/Q&A)
15. Summary of Homework
1. Research and essay: for Monday 1st
November
2. Presentation for Monday 22nd
October
16. Glossary
⢠Devolution: A process whereby power but not
legal sovereignty is distributed
⢠Nationalism: a political sentiment felt by people
who feel they have common circumstances of
birth, often linked to aspirations for a nation to
gain POLITICAL INDEPENDENCE
⢠Power Sharing: a method of forming a
government in a divided society, such as
Northern Ireland.