The document compares the European Union (EU) and NATO by detailing their purposes, origins, and the nature of their cooperation. The EU aims to promote unity and economic harmony among member states, while NATO serves as a military alliance focused on collective defense and political security for its members. Both organizations share common goals and collaborate on crisis management, security issues, and the development of defense capabilities, leveraging their unique strengths to enhance overall stability.

1. EU vs. NATO:
Competition or Co-operation
Professor: DICKINSON COOK Justin
Performed by: SELBAYEVA Aray, PHO Phalla, CAI Lin, BABALOLA
Olusola, KARKI Mahendra

2. What is the purpose of the EU?
After the Second World War, there was a new movement
to create unity between Germany and France, which
would ultimately lay the foundations for the European
Union four decades later.
● To operate a single market which allows free
movement of goods, capital, services and people
between member states.
● To promote greater social, political and economic
harmony among the nations of Western Europe.
Why was the EU created?
- EU trace its original from the European Coal and Steel
Community (ECSC) and European Economic Community
(EEC), formed in 1951 & 1958.
- The European Union established was established under its
current name in 1993 following the Masstricht Treaty.
When was the EU formed?

3. What is the purpose of the NATO?
Main activities● A political and military Alliance
NATO’s essential purpose is to safeguard
the freedom and security of its members
through political and military means.
● Collective defense
NATO is committed to the principle
that an attack against one or several
members is considered as an attack
against all.
● The Transatlantic link
NATO is an alliance of countries from
Europe and North America

4. N
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5. European membership of the EU and NATO
EU members only
NATO members only
Members of both

6. Framework for Co-operation
- An exchange of letters - January 2001
● Defined the scope of cooperation
● Stated obligation of consultation on security issues between the two organisations.
- NATO-EU Declaration on ESDP - the 16 December 2002
● Stipulated the EU assured access to NATO’s planning capabilities for its own military operations
● Declared the political principles of the strategic partnership: effective mutual consultation; equal rights and respect of the
decision-making autonomy and interests of the European Union and NATO;
● Expressed respect for the Charter of the United Nations, and coherent, transparent and mutually reinforcing development of
the military capability requirements common to the two organisations.
- The “Berlin Plus” arrangements - the 17 March 2003
● Provided the basis for NATO-EU cooperation in crisis management in the context of EU-led operations that make use of
NATO's collective assets and capabilities, including command arrangements and assistance in operational planning.
● Validated the Alliance support of EU-led operations where NATO as a whole is not engaged.

7. Partners’ positions
NATO
● To track european activity and give it atlantic
direction
● To keep pressure on allies and force them to
make more contributions (resources, potential)
into NATO
● To decrease EUs competing potential
● To keep leadership position
● To support European defense system to have a
strong partner
● To use EU as a resource and tool to cover on
needs (resources, territory, political power), to
divide financial burden and save own resources
● No to lose a leading role
EU
● To keep american military forces (as EU can cover
limited military operations)
● To shift american barrier in order to develop their
own cooperation in the fields of Europe defense
and security
France position re: independent operations and
decisions, monopolar world order; declarative
support of Germany, Italy, Belgium; GB position
supported by Netherland, Portugues; neutral
positions
● To use NATO military mutually financed
headquarters

8. Cooperation Fields
NATO and EU already do a lot together. For example,
➔ In Afghanistan, where the NATO-led ISAF mission has
provided the security needed for the European Union and
other international actors to carry out development
projects. They also built up the Afghan army and police to
around 350,000, with the European Union mission
contributing to efforts to train the Afghan police.
➔ In Kosovo, NATO has been leading a peacekeeping force
in Kosovo (KFOR) since 1999. The European Union has
contributed civil assets to the mission in Kosovo (UNMIK)
for years and agreed to take over the police component of
the UN Mission. Clearly KFOR plays a vital role in
preserving a safe and secure environment in Kosovo,
which has enabled the EU to set up its Rule of Law
mission.
➔ Off the Horn of Africa, both NATO and the EU contribute to the successful international effort to fight piracy. Earlier this year,
when the EU High Representative Cathy Ashton helped Belgrade and Pristina to reach an historic agreement, both parties
came to NATO Headquarters together asking the Alliance to support the implementation of the accord.
➔ In Darfur, both NATO and the EU supported the African Union’s mission in Darfur, Sudan, in particular with regard to airlift
rotations.

9. Areas of Cooperation
❏ Crisis Management
❏ Political consultation
❏ Security issues within the
European space or its
immediate vicinity
❏ European Union on the
development
of defence capabilities
❏ Ensuring transparency and
complementarity

10. Areas of Cooperation
❏ Terrorism and WMD proliferation
❏ Civil emergency planning by
exchanging inventories of
measures taken in this area.
❏ Protection of civilian populations
against chemical, biological,
radiological and nuclear (CBRN)
attacks.
❏ New areas of cooperation
❏ Alliance to address emerging
security challenges
❏ Maritime security, hybrid
threats, Strategic
communication
❏ Energy security issues and
Cyber threats

11. Analysis of Cooperation
➔ Sharing strategic interests, NATO and the EU cooperate on issues of common interest and are working side by side in crisis
management, capability development and political consultations. The European Union is a unique and essential partner for NATO.
The two organisations share a majority of 22 members, and all members of both organisations share common values.
➔ The Secretary General of NATO meets the EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy about once every six
weeks. He also has regular meetings with the President of the European Council, the President of the European Commission and
the President of the European Parliament. He also enjoys addressing MEPs.
➔ As for the EU, it is a unique and essential strategic partner for NATO, and aiming to strengthen this partnership as part of a
comprehensive approach. That's why NATO has urged the EU to further develop its security and defence policy, including building
up key capabilities which can make Europe stronger, and NATO too.
➔ It is not always a question of different roles, but rather complementary roles. Each organisation is providing its own contribution to
the promotion of peace and security. Clearly NATO has a comparative advantage when it comes to hard power, while the EU has a
whole range of tools and policies when it comes to soft power. Working together, they act to complement each other.
➔ NATO and the EU both confront a rapid and in-depth revolution in security affairs. Here all nations and structures have a big
challenge to consider, and this is the main reason to develop a strong NATO/ESDP channel of common interests, so the two
organizations can together explore scenarios and concepts, conduct exercises, and pursue standardization, normalization and
interoperability. The main area of cooperation is much more on the operational side than on the political and technological aspects,
which remain in the hands of nations, their priorities and budgets.

12. References
- http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_49217.htm
- http://www.natolibguides.info/nato-eu
- http://www.nato.
int/docu/review/2007/Partnerships_Old_New/NATO_EU_cooperation_security/EN/index.htm
- http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/order-from-chaos/posts/2015/09/28-strategic-partnership-nato-eu-
drozdiak
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13. Thank you!