This document provides an overview of programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. It discusses the basic components and functions of PLCs, including input/output modules, the central processing unit, memory, power supply, and programming devices. It also covers PLC programming languages like ladder logic, timers, counters, and the operational sequence of a PLC. For SCADA systems, it defines what a SCADA system is, common brands and software, tags, features such as dynamic graphics, scripts, trends, alarms, security, and applications of PLCs and SCADA systems.

1. PLC(Programminglogiccontrol)

2. contents
 Automation
 Types of Automation
 What is PLC ?
 Need of PLC
 PLC brands and software used
 Major component of PLC
 PLC operational sequence
 Programming language of PLC
 Ladder logic
 PLC timer/counter
 TON timer
 Timer bit concept
 Advantage And Disadvantage
 Application

3. Automation
 Automation is a basically the delegation of human
control function to technical equipment aimed toward
achieving .
 Higher productivity .
 Superior quality of end product .
 Efficient use of energy and raw materials .
 Improved safety in working conditions .
 Replace hard physical work .
 Can perform tasks beyond human capabilities .

4. TypesofAutomation
 BuildingAutomation
Example : lifts
 Scientific Automation
Example : rocket launching
 IndustrialAutomation
Example : Automated bottle filling Stations,
steel factories
 Office Automation
Example : printers , cctv
 LightAutomation
Example : street solar lightening

5. WhatisP
L
C?
PLC is a sold state industrial computer that performs
discrete and sequential function in a factory
environment .
Or
PLC is a industrial computer that monitor input , makes
decision based on it program and control output to
automatic a process or machine .

6. NeedofPLC
 PLC is needed so as to have the following tasks:
 To reduce human effort .
 To get the automation in the process.
 Controlling of equipments with just one click.
 To make the efficient use of digital electronics and
control system.
 In the high human effort industries, PLC may help to
get the reduction in manpower and wastage of raw
materials .
 To reduce complex circuitry of entire system .

7. PLCbrandsandsoftwareused
 Brand name
 Allen-Bradley
 Schneider
 Ceco electronics
 Siemens
 Omron
 Delta
Software used
RS logix 500
Zelio Soft
Ceco Client
Step7 Microwin
Cx Programming
Wpl Soft

8. MajorcomponentofPLC

9. components(input/output)
(1) Input modules
It take input and
convert signal from
sensor into logic signal
Example : switch ,
push button .
(2) output module
It convert control
instructions a signal
that can be used by
actuators .
Example : lamps , alarm .

10. (3) CPU (Central Processing Unit)
• It is the brain of PLC and govern the activities of the entire
. PLC system
• The CPU perform the SCAN CYCLE for PLC
• The CPU consists of the flowing blocks: Arithmetic LogicUnit
. (ALU) , internal memory of CPU , internal timer , counters
•(4) Memory
Memory is the component that stores information,programs
. and data in a PLC
(5) Power supply
Provides the voltage needed to run the primary PLC
. components
(6)Programming device
The programming terminal is used for programming thePLC
. and monitoring/sequencing PLCs operation

11. PLCoperationsequence
(1) Self test: testing of its own
hardware and software for
faults
(2) Input scan : if there are no
problems , PLC will copy all
the values in to memory .
(3) Logic solve/scan : using
inputs ,the ladder logic
program is solved once and
outputs are updated .
(4) Output scan : while solving
the output values are updated
only in memory when ladder
scan in done , the output will
be updated using temporary
values in memory .

12. ProgramminglanguageofPLC
 Most common language encountered in PLC are :
1. Ladder Logic
2. Functional blocking diagram
3. Sequential function chart etc.

13. Ladderlogic
 The ladder logic is the
oldest programming
language for PLC
 It is well to express
combinational logic
 The main ladder logic
symbol represent the
elements .

14. Ladderlogicforbasic gate

15. PLCtimer/counterfunction

16. TONtimer(timerondelay)
 Timer
Timer is basically used
add some delay in
programming circuit by
adding a particular time
to each circuit.
There are three types
TON and TOFF and
RTO .

17. Timerbitconcept

18. AdvantagesofPLC
 Reliability.
 Flexibility in programming and re-programming.
 Cost effective for controlling complex systems.
 Small physical size , shorter project time.
 High speed of operation.
 Ability to communicate to other computer system in the
plant.
 Easy to maintenance/troubleshooting.
 Reduced space.
 Energy saving.

19. DisadvantagesofPLC
 PLC device are proprietary it means that part or
software of one manufacturer can’t be used in
combination with part of another manufacturer.
 Initial cost are high.
 Unemployment rate increase.
 It is difficult to find error.

20. Applications
 Robots manufacturing and control.
 Food /Beverage processing.
 Machine tools.
 Materials handle.
 Conveyer system.
 Aerospace.
 Printing industry
 Textile industry
 Cleaning department etc.

21. S
C
A
D
A
(supervisory control and data acquisition)

22. content
 What is SCADA?
 Why SCADA used ?
 Brands of SCADA
 What is TAG
 Feature of SCADA
 Object Property
 Advantages of SCADA
 Disadvantages of SCADA
 Applications
 Program (Bottle filling)

23. WhatisS
C
A
D
A?
 SCADA is a “Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition’’ real time industrial process control
systems used to centrally monitor and control remote
to local industrial equipment such as motors , valves
, pump , relays etc.
OR
 A SCADA system gather information(such aswhere
a leak on a pipeline occurred) and transfers the
information back to central site then alert the home
station that a leak occurred , carrying out necessary
analysis and control ,such as determining if the leak
is critical then displaying the information in a logical
and organized fashion.

24. WhyS
C
A
D
Aused?
 Saves time and money
 Less travelling for workers
 Reduces man power need
 Increase production and efficiency of a company
 Cost effective of power system
 Saves energy
 Reliable
 Supervisory control for particular system .

25. BrandsofS
C
A
D
A
 Company Name
 Wonderware
 Allen bradley
 Siemens
 GEFANUC
 KPIT(India)
Software Name
Intouch 10.1
RS view/Factory talk
Win CC
Cimplicity
Astra etc.

26. TAGs
 It is address of the memory location where data
being saved.
 We define a TAG in order to use it in the SCADA
software ( Intouch wonderware )
 Types of TAG
(1) Analog – stores simple on/off information
(2) String - stores numerical value
(3) Digital - stores alphanumeric characters.
 There are minimum 32 TAGs and maximum 64000
can be define in Intouch SCADA.

27. FeaturesOfS
C
A
D
A
(a) Dynamic process graphic
(b) Script
(c) Real time and Historical trend
(d) Alarm
(e) Security
(f) Recipe management
(g) Data base connectivity
(h) Device connectivity

28. (a)Dynamicprocessgraphic
 Using this features mimics developed in SCADA
software should resemble the mimic process .should
have good library of symbols so that you can
develop the mimic as per requirement.
 The status of equipment running/stopping can be
show using different colors/animation.

29. (b)script
 Script is the way of writing logic in SCADA software .
every SCADA software has its own instruction and
way of writing program.
 Using script one can develop complex application.

30. (c)Realtimeandhistoricaltrend
 This facility is used to represent the data in graphical
form
 This trend play important role in the process of
operation . if your batch fails or the plant trips you
can simply go to the historical trend data and do the
analysis . you can have better look of the parameters
through the trends.
 Real time data will plot the real-time value for fixed
period of time while have historical data historical
data stored value which can be viewed on demand

31. (d)Alarm
 Every plant needs of proper monitoring and control
of the process parameter .
 Alarm indicate to the operator when something goes
wrong .
 Generally alarm are implemanted by usually the
lamps or hooters in field but in SCADA it can be
represented by using animation.
 In SCADA generally four types of alarm are used ie
HI , HIHI ,LOW ,LOWLOW .

32. (e)Security
 Every SCADA software has various level of security
for securing the application by avoiding unauthorized
access .
 Depending upon the access level given the operator
/engineers is allowed to do task . In most of the cases
operator are allowed only to operate the plant while
the maintenance engineers can do the application
modification

33. (f)Recipemanagement
 In many cases we uses the same plant for
manufacturing the different product range . For
example an oil blending plant can manufacture
power oil ,transformer oil , auto-mobile oil .
 The recipe management is facility used for maintain
various recipe for different products and implement it
on the process
 The recipe can be stored in a single server and it can
be fetched by any client server from any area to run
the process.

34. (g)Databaseconnectivity
 In many plants , it is important to download the real-
time information . in this case the database
connectivity is must .
 Many SCADA software don't have their own
database . hence for storage and reporting they use
third party database like MS access .
 Wonderware InTouch provides a single view of all
your control and information resources .

35. (h)Deviceconnectivity
 Every control hardware has its own communication
protocol for communicating with different
hardware/software .some of the leading
communication protocol include Ethernet , DH485.
 The SCADA software needs device driver software
for communication with PLC or other control
hardware.
 More the driver software available better is the
device connectivity . most of the SCADA software
used in industry have connectivity with most of the
leading control system .

36. These properties are common to all symbol factory graphical
objects .
These properties are visible only when "break cell“ operation is
performed on symbol factory objects .
ObjectProperty

37. Advantages
 The computer can record and store a very large amount
of data .
 Data can be displayed at any time when user require .
 The SCADA system provides on board mechanicaland
graphical information .
 The SCADA system ability to operate critical situations.
 It provide alarm .

38. Disadvantages
 Network security risks
 Lack of trained personnel
 Initial cost is high

39. Applications
 Water resources monitoring
 Water chemistry monitoring
 Waste water monitoring
 Waste tank controls
 Wind tunnel controls
 Fuel oil handling system
 Petroleum pilot plant
 Plant monitoring and process control
 Nuclear plant full-scope simulators
 Electric power transmission controlling
 Metrological monitoring

40. Program(bottlefilling)