The document discusses various developmental disturbances that can affect teeth, including: 1) Alterations in size such as macrodontia (abnormally large teeth) and microdontia (abnormally small teeth). 2) Alterations in number and eruption such as supernumerary teeth, anodontia (absence of all teeth), and impaction of teeth. 3) Alterations in shape and form of both the tooth crown and root, including conditions like gemination, taurodontism, dens evaginatus, and dilaceration. 4) Alterations of enamel and dentin, such as amelogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta, and

1. B Y : E U N I C E A L T H E A L . M A B A G O S
DEVELOPMENTAL
DISTURBANCES OF THE
TEETH

2. Alterations in size
Alterations in Number &
Eruption
SUPERNUMERARY
ANODONTIA
MESIODENS
PARAMOLAR
MACRODONTIA
MICRODONTIA

3. Alterations in Shape and Form
A. Shape of crown
Gemination
Fusion
Taurodontism
Talon's cusp
Dens Evaginatus
Dens Invaginatus
Hutchinson's Incisors
Mulberry molars
Turner's hypoplasia
B. Shape of root
Concrescence
Enamel pearl
Dilaceration
Ankylosis

4. Alterations of Enamel and Dentin
ENAMEL
Hypoplastic
amelogenesis
imperfecta
Hypomaturation and
Hypocalcified
Amelogenesis
Imperfecta
Amelogenesis Imperfecta
DENTIN
Type I
Type II
Type III
Type I (Radicular Type)
Type II (Coronal Type)
Dentinogenesis Imprefecta
Dentin Dysplasia

5. Hard Tooth Tissue Reduction
Attrition
Abrasion
Erosion
Abfraction
Internal Resorption
External Resorption

6. ALTERATIONS
IN SIZE

7. Macrodontia
A dental condition where a tooth or
group of teeth are abnormally larger
than average.
The result is an abnormally large
tooth or teeth that can cause
challenges for the patient, such as
teeth misalignment, overcrowding
and confidence issues.

8. Microdontia
A condition in which one or more
teeth appear smaller than normal.
The most common teeth affected are
the upper lateral incisors and third
molars.
It is a common oral health problem
that often runs in families.
Adults affected by microdontia may
have small teeth with gaps between
them, making them look like baby
teeth.

9. ALTERATIONS IN
NUMBER AND
ERUPTION

10. Defined as those in addition to the normal
series of deciduous or permanent dentition.
They may appear as a single tooth or multiple
teeth, unilaterally or bilaterally, erupted or
impacted and in mandible/maxilla or both the
jaws.
May cause displacement of a permanent
tooth.
The most common cause for the failure of
eruption of a maxillary central incisor. It may
also cause retention of the primary incisor.
Supernumerary Teeth

11. Complete Anodontia
A genetic disorder defined as the
absence of all teeth.
Other signs might be associated
such as smaller teeth, peg shape
lateral incisors, conical teeth,
taurodontic molars, and spaced
dentition.
Anodontia can affect both baby
teeth and primary teeth.
Ectodermal Dysplasia

12. A supernumerary tooth present in the midline
between the two central incisors.
It usually results in oral problems such as
malocclusion, food impaction, poor aesthetics,
and cyst formation.
Clinical complications of mesiodens reported in
the studies include delayed eruption of
permanent incisors, midline diastema, axial
rotation or inclination of permanent incisors,
resorption of adjacent tooth, root anomaly, cyst
formation, intra-oral infections and mesiodens
pulpitis
Mesiodens

13. A supernumerary molar usually small
and rudimentary, most commonly
situated buccally or palatally to one of
the maxillary molars.
May cause retention of foof and
formation of dental caries.
It may be separated or fused to the
adjacent molar appearing as an extra
cusp.
Paramolar

14. ALTERATIONS IN
SHAPE AND FORM
A. SHAPE OF CROWN

15. Gemination is an anomaly caused
by a single tooth germ that
attempted to divide during its
development, resulting in a bifid
crown.
the formation of clinically wide
tooth that can cause significant
aesthetic and clinical problems
including esthetic impairment, pain,
caries susceptibility, and tooth
crowding.
Gemination

16. Fusion
The union between two or more
separate developing teeth.
Such anomalies may cause
problems such as caries,
periodontal disease or even
esthetic impairments, which will
require intervention.
May affect both the deciduous and
permanent dentition.

17. A developmental disturbance of a
tooth in which body is enlarged at
the expense of the roots
A taurodont tooth presents a large
pulp chamber with apical
displacement of the pulpal floor and
furcation of the roots.
increased risk of pulp exposure
because of decay and dental
procedures.
Taurodontism

18. A rare dental anomaly in which a
cusp-like mass of hard tissue
protrudes from the cingulum area of
maxillary or mandibular anterior
teeth.
Clinical problems are poor
aesthetics, occlusal trauma,
occlusal interferences,
displacement of the affected tooth,
attrition of the opposing tooth,
caries, pulp infection and pulp
necrosis related to pulp extension
or irritation of soft tissues and etc.
Talon's Cusp

19. Presence of tubercle on the occlusal
surface of mandibular premolars and
lingual surface of anterior teeth.
Due to occlusal trauma this tubercle
tends to fracture thus exposing the
pathway to the pulp chamber of teeth.
This cusp can be easily fractured or
worn away through abrasion, leading to
pulpitis or pulpal necrosis.
Dens Evaginatus (Leong's
premolar)

20. Also known as tooth within a tooth
A rare dental malformation where there
is an infolding of enamel into dentine
Include peg shape, conical morphology,
incisal notching, increased mesio-distal
and labiolingual diameter, and the
presence of an enlarged palatal
cingulum or cusp
Dens Invaginatus (Dens in
Dente)

21. Notched incisors known as Hutchinson's
teeth which are characteristic of
congenital syphilis.
Lateral incisors are peg-shaped or scre
driver shaped or with a crescent-shaped
notch.
Qccurs when a pregnant mother
transmits syphilis to her child in utero or
at birth.
Hutchinson's Incisor

22. Mulberry molars are a tooth
abnormality caused by congenital
syphilis, resulting in teeth that have
many small bumps, like mulberry
fruits.
Dwarfed molars with cusps covered
with globular enamel growths.
Mulberry molars

23. Also called Enamel Hypoplasia
Teeth abnormality that affect
appearance of the teeth.
Clinical characteristics of Turner's
hypoplasia are unfavorable
esthetics, higher dentin sensitivity,
malocclusion and they are more
prone to caries.
Turner's Hypoplasia

24. ALTERATIONS IN
SHAPE AND FORM
A. SHAPE OF ROOT

25. A condition of teeth where the cementum
overlying the roots of at least two teeth join
together.
It usually involves only two teeth.
The most commonly involved teeth are upper
second and third molars.
Occlusion problems causing cheek biting and
traumatic ulcers. Involved teeth may have
difficulty erupting or may not erupt completely.
leads to a loss of gingival architecture leading
to the development of funnels, which may
cause plaque accumulation thus, resulting in
periodontal tissue destruction.
Concrescence

26. Enamel pearls are one of a number of different
enamel structures that can be found on the
roots of deciduous and permanent teeth.
They have a distinct predilection for the
furcation areas of molar, particularly the
maxillary third and second molars.
Typically appears as a round, single, solid
formation on the tooth root surface.
can lead to clinical implications if associated
with the retention of plaque which could
prevent periodontal attachment and
predispose the area to pocket formation and
periodontal disease
Enamel pearl

27. It refers to an angulation, or a sharp bend or
curve, in the root or crown of a formed tooth.
more likely to affect the maxillary incisors and
occurs in permanent dentition.
The non-eruption of the responsible tooth, the
longer retention of the primary predecessor
tooth, possible apical fenestration of the buccal
or labial cortical plate, or it may be asymptomatic
Dilaceration of a deciduous tooth can alter its
resorption and delay eruption of the underlying
permanent tooth, occasionally mandating
extraction of the bent tooth.
Severe dilacerations also can prevent eruption of
the affected tooth and create endodontic or
extraction difficulties.
Dilaceration

28. Pathological fusion between the
alveolar bone and the cementum of
teeth.
Decreased tooth count, abnormal
tooth enamel, curving of the fifth digit,
enlarged lower jaw and abnormal
dentition, with decreased tooth count
as the most frequent symptom.
Ankylosis

29. ALTERATIONS OF
ENAMEL AND
DENTIN

30. Amelogenesis Imperfecta
This condition causes teeth to be
unusually small , discolored, pitted or
grooved, and prone to rapid wear and
breakage. Other dental abnormalities
are also possible.
Thin, soft, or brittle enamel.
Extreme tooth sensitivity.
Yellow, brown, grey, or white (snow-
capping) discoloration of teeth.
Open bite (misaligned jaws)
Uneven, lumpy, or ridged teeth.

31. Hypoplastic amelogenesis
imperfecta
Inadequate formation of matrix
Reduced enamel thickness
Abnormal contour
Absent interproximal conbtact points
upper and lower teeth that do not meet
showing a poor bite, and teeth that vary in
color from off-white to yellow-brown.

32. Hypocalcified Amelogenesis
Imperfecta
Characterized by enamel of normal
thickness on newly erupted and
unerupted and unresolved teeth.
The enamel is soft and may be lost soon
after eruption leaving the crown
composed only of dentin.
The enamel has a cheesy consistency
and can be scraped from the dentin.
The teeth may be white, yellow, or
brown, and the enamel may be rough.
The teeth may also be extremely
sensitive to hot and cold.

33. Dentinogenesis Imperfecta
Affects both primary and permanent
dentition.
Have blue brown discoloration
With distinctive translucence
Enamel frequently separates easily
from underlying defective dentin.
bulbous crowns
cervical constriction
thin roots
Early obliteration of root canals and
pulp chambers
Radiographically:

34. Dentinogenesis Imperfecta
Clinical features: Primary teeth are more severely affected than permanent
teeth.
Radiographic features: Partial or total obliteration of pulp chamber and root
canals.
Roots may be short or blunted
Clinical features: Only have dentin abnormalities and no bone disease.
Radiographic features: Partial or total obliteration of pulp chambers and root
canals.
Clinical features: “bradwine type” multiple pulp exposures in deciduous, which is
not seen in type I and II
Radiographic features: Periapical radiolucencies
A.Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III

35. TYPE II
TYPE I TYPE III
Dentinogenesis Imperfecta

36. TYPE II
TYPE I TYPE III
Dentinogenesis Imperfecta
RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES:

37. Dentin Dysplasia
Is also known as “rootless teeth”
Rare disturbances of dentin formation, which had an abnormal pulpal morphology
Clinical features: Premature tooth loss may occur because of short roots or periapical
inflammatory lesions.
Radiographic features: roots are extremely short, pulps are almost completely
obliterated
Clinical features: Color of the primary dentition is opalescent while in permanent
dentition is normal.
Radiographic features:
Deciduous - roots are extremely short, pulps are almost completely obliterated.
Permanent dentition - abnormally large pulp chambers in the coronal portion of the
teeth
A. Type I (Radicular type)
B.Type II (Coronal type)

38. Type II (Coronal type)
Type I (Radicular type)
Dentin Dysplasia

39. HARD TOOTH TISSUE
REDUCTION

40. The mechanical wearing of the incisal or
occlusal surfaces of teeth as a direct result
of functional or parafunctional tooth-to-tooth
contact.
Sore or tender gums. Loss of teeth structure
including flattening or thinning of the teeth. An
increase in dental pain due to the loss of the
enamel layer. Damage or failure of prior
dental treatments.
When you clench or grind your teeth
(bruxism) your teeth will begin to wear down.
Attrition

41. Teeth start to lose enamel due to some sort
of outside mechanical action.
Teeth are physically worn down by an
external force.
Small, v-shaped ridges on the surface of the
teeth that face the cheeks.
Tooth decay may also be present, and in
severe cases, tooth loss may occur.
A common symptom of dental abrasion is
increased dental sensitivity due to the loss
of dental enamel.
Abrasion

42. A condition in which small notches, or
lesions, develop near the gum line. These
notches are often angular
They may become rounded over time as a
result of abrasively brushing the teeth.
Worn and shiny facets on the tooth, known
as translucency.
Chipping of the tooth surface.
Loss of enamel or exposed dentin.
Caused by stress and pressure applied to
the teeth through biting, chewing,
clenching the teeth, and most commonly,
teeth grinding.
Abfraction

43. The chemical loss of mineralized tooth
substance caused by exposure to acids
not derived from oral bacteria.
loss of the surface of the tooth, leading to
a smooth, shiny appearance.
Dental erosion can also make any
exposed tooth root (dentine) sensitive to
hot, cold or sweet foods and drinks.
Shows up as hollows in the teeth and a
general wearing away of the tooth surface
and biting edges. This can expose the
dentine underneath, which is a darker,
yellower colour than the enamel.
Erosion

45. It starts from the root canal and destroys
the surrounding tooth structure.
Characterized by the loss of dentine as a
result of clastic cells action. It occurs in
conditions of pulpal inflammation: the
blood supply brings the clastic cells in the
pulp chamber.
Tooth may appear pink.
Internal Resorption

46. Often caused by injuries to the mouth
and teeth that cause swelling and loss
of bone and tissue on and around a
tooth.
Such injuries may occur from
prolonged use of orthodontic
appliances such as braces, or from
tooth grinding or tooth bleaching.
Dark spots appear on x-rays of your
teeth.
Appear as crooked teeth
External Resorption

47. Thank you!