This document summarizes the development of various veins in the human body, including: - Vitelline veins arise from capillary plexuses around the yolk sac and form parts of the portal vein system. - Umbilical veins carry oxygenated blood from the placenta, with the left vein joining the portal vein. - Cardinal veins drain the body wall and form parts of the superior and inferior vena cava. - Vitelline and umbilical veins within the developing liver break down and contribute to hepatic sinusoids. - The cardinal veins give rise to major veins including the azygos vein, inferior vena cava, and major thoracic veins.

1. S.B. Rauniyar

2. Development of primitive veins
 Visceral & somatic
1.Vitelline veins (omphalomesentric)
-- arise from capillary plexuses o the
splanchnic mesoderm around
yolk sac.
2.Umbilical veins
convey oxygenated blood from
placenta.
3.Cardinal veins
drains from the body wall.
ant.C V--cephalic ,upper limb bud.
post.C V—caudal,lower limb bud
CCV/duct of Cuvier

3. Development & fate of Umbilical veins
 With the appearance of hepatic
bud right UV disappears.
 Left UV joins at left branch of
portal vein.
 With increase of placental
circulation it causes a direct
communication betn.left UV &
right hepato cardiac channel
->Ductus venosus.

4. Development & Fate of Vitelline Veins
 Hepatic bud –divides in to
infra, intra & supra hepatic
parts
 INFRA HEPATIC PARTS
 Forms 3 transverse
anastomosis
- Cephalic ventral
- Middle dorsal
- Caudal ventral
 Spleenic vein &
sup.mesentric vein joins at
left end of middle dorsal
anastamosis.

5.  Formation of trunk of
PORTAL VEIN.
 Right branch of portal
vein.
 Left branch of portal vein
->It receives oxyganated
blood from left umbilical
vein which ends here.

6. INTRA HEPATIC PART
 With the development of
liver-proximal parts VV &
UV broken in to capillary
plexus & joins to form
hepatic sinusoids
 Afferent vessels—Venae
advehentes, persists as intra
hepatic br. Of portal vein
 Efferent vessels– Venae
revehentes & forms the
tributeries of hepatic veins.

7. SUPRA HEPATIC PART
 Transverse sub diaphragmatic
anastomosis connects both VV.
 A new vessels grows betn.
Subdiaphragmatic & sub
hepatic cephalic ventral
anastomosis.
 After left part of
subdiaphragmatic anastomosis
& adjoining part of left VV
disappear.
 Right part of VV enlarges to
form common hepatic vein.

8. Development & fate of ant. Cardinal vein
Cervico thoracic Part.
 It receives intersegmental veins from body wall.
 One enlarged vein from upper limb -Subclavian vein.

9. Continued ant. Cardinal vein

10. Development of –SVC,BCV & IJV

11. Development of – leftsup. Intercostal vein
&2nd,3rd intercostal veins

12. Applied anatomy of SVC
1.Double SVC-Persistent left ant.& CCV.
2.Left SVC-caudal part of the right ant. Cardinal vein &
CCV disappear.

13. Development & fate of post.Cardinal vein

14. Development of IVC, Right & Left Common
iliac vein.

15. Development of Renal, Suprarenal &
Gonadal Veins

16. Azygos vein--vein of right azygos line
--right post. Cardinal vein.
Hemiazygos & Acc. Hemiazygos—left azygos
--post aortic anastmosis

17. Applied Anatomy of IVC
1.Double IVC
 Occurs below the level of renal veins
 Persistence of both sub cardinal & supra cardinal
on right side (fig.B)
 Left supra cardinal vein fails to regress.

18. 2.Left IVC
 Fig.E-Infra renal part of IVC present on left side only.
3.Absence of hepatic segment of IVC
 Fig.G-Non development of anastomosis betn. the right
sub cardinal & hepatocardiac channel.

19. 4.Pre ureteric vena cava
 Here IVC lies post. to right ureter.
 Caused by –when infra renal part of IVC develops from
right sub cardinal & post.cardinal vein instead of supra
cardinal vein.(lies post.to ureter)