This document discusses deterrence theory, which gained prominence as a military strategy during the Cold War regarding nuclear weapons. Deterrence is intended to dissuade an adversary from taking action by threatening reprisal or preventing them from acting against another state's desires. It is based on psychological concepts and gaining credibility for effective deterrence. The document outlines different types of deterrence such as denial and punishment, and discusses assumptions and concepts like rationality and mutual vulnerability in deterrence strategy.

1. Deterrence
Theory

2. • Deterrence, military strategy under which one power used as
preventive force that could be protected against destruction by a
surprise attack.
• This doctrine gained increased prominence as a military strategy
during the Cold War with regard to the use of nuclear weapons and.
• Deterrence is a strategy intended to dissuade an adversary from
taking an action not yet started by means of threat of reprisal or to
prevent them from doing something that another state desires.
• The strategy is based on the psychological concept of the same name.
A credible nuclear deterrent, Bernard Brodie wrote in 1959, must be
always at the ready, yet never used.

3. • The doctrine gained increased prominence as a military stragy
during the cold war with regard to the use of nuclear weapons.
• Deterrence gained importance in strategic studies through Thomas
Schelling’s (1966) classical work on deterrence.
• According to Schelling “the capacity to harm another state is now
used as a motivating factor for other states to avoid it and influence
another state’s behaviour. Deterrence is significant theory in
Strategic Studies and International Relations.
• Deterrence gained global recognition after Cuban missile Crisis
event.
• Deterrence is implemented and executed to ensure its opponents
abide by its will.
• Deterrence is a belief on strategic capability to avoid or prevent itself
from being attacked by its opponents.

4. Assumptions
• Ratonality
• Mutual Vulnerability
• Cost/Benefit Analysis
• Perceptions are the key
• Credibility is effective for the effective function of deterrence

5. Narrow vs Broad concept of Deterrence
• The Narrowest definitions hold that deterrence refers solely to
military tools of statecraft- using the threat of military response to
prevent a state from taking action.
• In Broader conception keeps focus on threats but expands the scope
to non-military actions. A State can deter using threats Economic
Sanctions, Diplomatic Exclusion or Information Operations.

6. Types of Deterrence
• Detterrence by Deniel : strategies that seek to deter an action by making it
infeasible or unlikely to succeed, thus denying a potential aggressor
confidence in attaining its objective.
• Deterrence by Punishment: strategies that threatens severe penalties, such
as nuclear escalation or severe economic santions, if an attack occurs –
MAD
• Direct Deterrence; efforts by a state to prevent attacks on its own territory
• Extended Deterrence : involving discoursing attacks on third parties, such
as alliance.

7. Nuclear Deterrence steps
• Bombers
• ICBM: Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile
• SLBM: Submarine Launched Ballistic Missile
• MAD: Mutually assured destruction