use of deterrence in international relation using example of cuba crisis.

1. Meaning & International Relation of Deterrence
BY: Raunak and shivam

2. Oxford Definition

3. As outlined by Huth, a policy of deterrence can fit into two broad categories:
1) preventing an armed attack against a state's own territory (known as direct deterrence)
2) preventing an armed attack against another state (known as extended deterrence).
✓ Situations of direct deterrence often occur if there is a territorial dispute between
neighboring states in which major powers like the United States do not directly intervene.
✓ On the other hand, situations of extended deterrence often occur when a great
power becomes involved. The latter case has generated most interest in academic
literature.
✓ Building on the two broad categories, Huth goes on to outline that deterrence policies may
be implemented in response to a pressing short-term threat (known as immediate
deterrence) or as strategy to prevent a military conflict or short-term threat from arising
(known as general deterrence).

4. ➢ The term deterrence with french roots
means "TO FRIGHTEN FROM".
➢ Defining feature of deterrence is threat of
punishment .
➢ The most developed from of the deterrence
came in NUCLEAR ERA AFTER 1940S.

6. ➢ US and USSR emerged as two super power of the world
at the end of World War 2 in 1945
➢ World was divided into two blocks. Cold war started in
1945
➢ Clash of ideologies Communism vs Capitalism

7. Cuba

8. Introduction to Cuba Missile Crisis
▪ In April 1961
▪ USSR warried about USA would invade Communist
rule Cuba
▪ Over throw Fidel Castro (PM of Cuba 1959-76 and
President 1976-2008 )
▪ Cuba was ally of USSR receive both diplomatic and
Financial aid.
▪ Decided to Convert Cuba in to a Russia base.

9. ❑ 1962 Placed Nuclear Missile in Cuba
❑ Put USA under fir from Close range 2×(no. of bases
or Cities in the America Mainland)
❑ 3 week after USSR had placed Nuclear weapon
❑ America became aware of it
❑ John F. Kennedy and his advisers reluctant to do
anything that might lead full scale Nuclear war

11. ❖ Determined to get Khrushchev remove missile
❖ Nuclear weapon from Cuba
❖ Kennedy ordered to intercept any USSR ship heading
Cuba.
❖ Naval blockade of the country by the United States
❖ Ultimately Russia head back
❖ Conflict resolved

12. 1. Through this International event , we understood how deterrence act as a force
between two countries to prevent them from entering in to the war.
2.In following event we have seen USA used Navy power surround Cuba ultimately
force them to Surrender
3.In my opinion there is some fear of second world war which act as deterrence to
enter into Nuclear war. The glimpse of Hiroshima and Nagasaki was still alive
4.Current situation we seeing how Russia is using Deterrence against Ukraine
to set an example for other European Nations not to joint NATO.