The importance of quality of the measured values is very dependent on the device that measures these values: the size of the sample, the time of measurement, periods of measurement, the mobility and the robustness of the device, etc. Contemporary devices intended for the measurement of physical quantities that are on the market vary in price, as well as and the quality of the measured values. The rule "the more expensive the better" is not necessarily always a rule that is valid because it all depends on the characteristics and capabilities of the device, and the customer’s needs. In this paper, a device based on "Open Source" components of hardware and software will be presented. Device was used to measure voltages and currents on low voltage networks, on which a virtually unlimited number of sensors can be added, and the device is assembled of components available on electronic components Internet.
Instant Access of Power Usage through IP Enabled Electronic Power MeterIJERD Editor
Nowadays Electrical Energy is a vital resource for human being for their day to day activities. It is
very important to know the usage of electricity to regulate the consumption. The power usage is a very
important criterion in places like domestic purpose, industries, public places, etc. At the end of every month as
soon as the electricity bill arrives we may be surprised because of over usage, we may get more bill amount and
in turn electrical board may demand us pay more ASD (Advanced security deposit). To overcome this problem
we propose the new idea of enabling the digital meters to send the instant power usage statistics through
Internet. It is very important to know about the basic knowledge of what is electricity meter, how to measure the
amount of electrical energy (in watt hour [Wh] units), and power consumption by house hold equipments or
devices. We should also know the tariff of the Electrical board for each unit in various domains. By using all
these data we can provide an effective regulation of power usage and in turn which leads to expected electrical
bill amount. This paper gives a new approach towards instant access of power usage details through IP enabled
electronic meter to minimize or reduce the day to day electrical power consumption.
On detecting and identifying faulty internet of things devices and outagesjournalBEEI
This document proposes two methods to detect and identify faulty IoT devices by monitoring network traffic. The first method uses traffic deviation as an indicator by comparing actual traffic to an expected normal traffic profile. The second method uses entropy of traffic flows as an indicator to detect outages of IoT devices that do not generate large amounts of normal traffic. Both methods utilize a compact data structure called Bitcount to efficiently capture IP traffic. The methods were evaluated and found to effectively detect malfunctioned or defective IoT devices through monitoring changes in traffic patterns.
This document describes a smart electricity metering system that uses an e-wallet payment system. The system uses an Arduino board connected to current sensors and a GSM modem to automatically read electricity meters and send readings to the utility provider. It also allows customers to pay electricity bills through an e-wallet on their phone. The system aims to reduce workload for meter readers and provide a more convenient digital payment process for customers.
IRJET - Smart Power Monitoring and Controlling through IoTIRJET Journal
The document describes a smart power monitoring and controlling system using IoT. The system uses sensors to monitor power consumption from appliances. It sends the power data to a cloud server using WiFi. This allows users to access the data and control appliances remotely through a mobile app. The system aims to reduce wastage by automatically turning off appliances when not in use, and allowing users to set power limits.
IRJET- IoT and Bigdata Analytics Approach using Smart Home Energy Managem...IRJET Journal
This document proposes a smart home energy management system using Internet of Things (IoT) and big data analytics. The system uses sensors to collect energy consumption data from devices in homes. This data is transmitted to a centralized server for processing and analysis. The large amount of aggregated data from multiple homes is considered big data. The system aims to help consumers better understand and optimize their energy usage to reduce costs by providing access to consumption reports and remote control of devices. It describes the hardware and software architecture of the proposed system.
The document compares options for embedded computing hardware components for an IoT smart power socket product. It evaluates the ATmega328P microcontroller with CC3100 WiFi module, Electric Imp imp002 board, and ESP8266 WiFi SoC. The ATmega328P/CC3100 combination is recommended due to flexibility, support for customization, and reliability needed to control home appliances remotely. Prototyping is needed to address design challenges like EMI from relay switching within the small form factor.
Smart meters are electronic measurement devices used by utilities to communicate information for billing customers and operating their electric systems. This paper presents the hardware design of a smart meter. Sensing and circuit protection circuits are included in the design of the smart meter in which resistors are naturally a fundamental part of the electronic design. Smart meters provides a route for energy savings, real-time pricing, automated data collection and eliminating human errors due to manual readings which would ultimately reduce labour costs, diagnosis and instantaneous fault detection. This allows for predictive maintenance resulting in a more efficient and reliable distribution network.
Thank you very much for checking out my presentation.
If you are a student or a faculty of an engineering college and need to create a presentation, you can contact me. Check out my profile to know how.
This project describes about a device, which measures the power consumed by our household devices, using IoT technology.
Instant Access of Power Usage through IP Enabled Electronic Power MeterIJERD Editor
Nowadays Electrical Energy is a vital resource for human being for their day to day activities. It is
very important to know the usage of electricity to regulate the consumption. The power usage is a very
important criterion in places like domestic purpose, industries, public places, etc. At the end of every month as
soon as the electricity bill arrives we may be surprised because of over usage, we may get more bill amount and
in turn electrical board may demand us pay more ASD (Advanced security deposit). To overcome this problem
we propose the new idea of enabling the digital meters to send the instant power usage statistics through
Internet. It is very important to know about the basic knowledge of what is electricity meter, how to measure the
amount of electrical energy (in watt hour [Wh] units), and power consumption by house hold equipments or
devices. We should also know the tariff of the Electrical board for each unit in various domains. By using all
these data we can provide an effective regulation of power usage and in turn which leads to expected electrical
bill amount. This paper gives a new approach towards instant access of power usage details through IP enabled
electronic meter to minimize or reduce the day to day electrical power consumption.
On detecting and identifying faulty internet of things devices and outagesjournalBEEI
This document proposes two methods to detect and identify faulty IoT devices by monitoring network traffic. The first method uses traffic deviation as an indicator by comparing actual traffic to an expected normal traffic profile. The second method uses entropy of traffic flows as an indicator to detect outages of IoT devices that do not generate large amounts of normal traffic. Both methods utilize a compact data structure called Bitcount to efficiently capture IP traffic. The methods were evaluated and found to effectively detect malfunctioned or defective IoT devices through monitoring changes in traffic patterns.
This document describes a smart electricity metering system that uses an e-wallet payment system. The system uses an Arduino board connected to current sensors and a GSM modem to automatically read electricity meters and send readings to the utility provider. It also allows customers to pay electricity bills through an e-wallet on their phone. The system aims to reduce workload for meter readers and provide a more convenient digital payment process for customers.
IRJET - Smart Power Monitoring and Controlling through IoTIRJET Journal
The document describes a smart power monitoring and controlling system using IoT. The system uses sensors to monitor power consumption from appliances. It sends the power data to a cloud server using WiFi. This allows users to access the data and control appliances remotely through a mobile app. The system aims to reduce wastage by automatically turning off appliances when not in use, and allowing users to set power limits.
IRJET- IoT and Bigdata Analytics Approach using Smart Home Energy Managem...IRJET Journal
This document proposes a smart home energy management system using Internet of Things (IoT) and big data analytics. The system uses sensors to collect energy consumption data from devices in homes. This data is transmitted to a centralized server for processing and analysis. The large amount of aggregated data from multiple homes is considered big data. The system aims to help consumers better understand and optimize their energy usage to reduce costs by providing access to consumption reports and remote control of devices. It describes the hardware and software architecture of the proposed system.
The document compares options for embedded computing hardware components for an IoT smart power socket product. It evaluates the ATmega328P microcontroller with CC3100 WiFi module, Electric Imp imp002 board, and ESP8266 WiFi SoC. The ATmega328P/CC3100 combination is recommended due to flexibility, support for customization, and reliability needed to control home appliances remotely. Prototyping is needed to address design challenges like EMI from relay switching within the small form factor.
Smart meters are electronic measurement devices used by utilities to communicate information for billing customers and operating their electric systems. This paper presents the hardware design of a smart meter. Sensing and circuit protection circuits are included in the design of the smart meter in which resistors are naturally a fundamental part of the electronic design. Smart meters provides a route for energy savings, real-time pricing, automated data collection and eliminating human errors due to manual readings which would ultimately reduce labour costs, diagnosis and instantaneous fault detection. This allows for predictive maintenance resulting in a more efficient and reliable distribution network.
Thank you very much for checking out my presentation.
If you are a student or a faculty of an engineering college and need to create a presentation, you can contact me. Check out my profile to know how.
This project describes about a device, which measures the power consumed by our household devices, using IoT technology.
IRJET- Design of a High Performance IoT QoS Transmission Mechanism and Middle...IRJET Journal
The document proposes an Efficient Power-Consumption (IoT) middleware based on the oneM2M communication standard. The middleware provides two mechanisms: 1) A Dynamic Duplication Avoidance Transmission Control mechanism that reduces transmission traffic by avoiding unnecessary duplicated data transmissions between sensors, gateways and servers. 2) A Dynamic Power Adaptation mechanism that dynamically adjusts the power consumption and sleep intervals of sensor devices based on factors like data quality, battery level, and sensor variation, to efficiently manage power consumption while maintaining data quality. The mechanisms aim to build an efficient IoT middleware platform for applications like environmental monitoring.
IRJET- Design and Implement Mechanism for Efficient Energy Meter using IoTIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed smart electricity meter system using IoT. The system would automate the manual process of monthly electricity bill calculation and reading. Sensors in the electricity meter would collect real-time energy consumption data and send it wirelessly to a centralized system. This would make the billing process more accurate and efficient by eliminating human error. It could also provide load monitoring to strengthen the electricity distribution system based on usage patterns. The proposed system aims to reduce costs for utilities while providing users with more control over their electricity usage and billing.
IRJET- Iot Based Smart Energy MonitoringIRJET Journal
This document describes an IOT-based smart energy monitoring system that uses an Arduino microcontroller and ESP8266 WiFi module. The system measures energy consumption in watts using a current sensor and displays the readings on an LCD screen and online via a webpage. It allows users to remotely monitor energy usage in real-time. If energy usage exceeds a threshold, the system can detect theft. The system aims to automate meter readings, optimize energy usage, and reduce wastage by providing usage data to consumers.
Integration of internet of things with wireless sensor networkIJECEIAES
The Internet of things (IoT) is a major source for technology solutions in many industries. The IoT can consider, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) as the backbone network to reduce formation or advent of new technology. Integration of these would reduce the burden and form smart sensor node network with nodes given access to internet. WSN is already a major legacy system that has percolated into many industries. Thus by integration of IoT and WSN no huge paradigm shift is needed for the industries.
IRJET- Review on Design of Residential IoT based Smart Energy MetersIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new design for an IoT-based smart energy meter for residential use. The key points are:
1) Current smart meters use sensors to record real-time energy consumption and wireless technologies like GSM to transmit data to cloud servers for utilities to access. However, most designs do not allow users to easily access their own data.
2) The proposed new design develops a low-cost and energy-efficient smart meter that establishes a wireless-based system. This would allow users to easily access their real-time energy consumption data.
3) The design aims to give users more control and visibility over their energy usage and costs through wireless communication between the smart
This document discusses the future of internet networks, media, and services. It outlines three visions for the future internet: as a unifying communication platform connecting billions of people and devices; as an intelligent application platform that will take over functionality currently provided on personal platforms; and as an immersive medium that will support natural interaction between people and their environment. It then discusses example research areas including cognitive radio networks, autonomic systems, immersive and context-aware collaborative environments, and energy efficiency in and by ICT. The document concludes with an example research unit roadmap and organization structure.
The document provides an overview of Internet of Things (IoT) concepts including definitions, characteristics, physical and logical design of IoT systems, enabling technologies, communication models and protocols. It discusses domain-specific IoT applications, IoT platforms design methodology, physical IoT devices, and emerging technologies related to IoT like big data, industry 4.0, RFID and mobile app development tools.
This document outlines the syllabus for an Internet of Things Technology course taught by Dr. Syed Mustafa at HKBK College of Engineering in Bengaluru. It covers key topics like smart objects, sensors, actuators, and micro-electro-mechanical systems. The evaluation process includes three internal assessments weighted at 30%, 40%, and 30% respectively, covering different portions of the syllabus. Students must also submit assignments and have a class participation rate of at least 85%.
Design and Implementation of IOT Based Smart Power Monitoring and Management ...ijesajournal
We will design a system based on WSNs and IoT technologies to manage real-time power at buildings. This system comprises of: a wireless sensor network (sensing node and base station) and a smart home gateway. A sensing node is utilized wireless sensors to measure voltage and current; to calculate power consumption of connected appliances, transmitted wirelessly to a base station via Zigbee node. A base station is designed to receive all data transmitted from the sensing node and display it through GUI available at the personal computer, with the possibility of controlling ON and OFF appliances according to consumer requirements; All of these readings will be stored at database for analysis. In addition, a smart home gateway will connect the system with internet to allow consumers to continuous monitoring and remote control the appliances via a smartphone application. The benefit of this system, that the appliances control mechanism can be done in different ways (manually, automatically, and remotely). Various household appliances were tested to verify the accuracy of the electrical parameters that measured at system and compare them with practical measurement, found the average error ratio between them (0.3%) was in voltage, (1.5%) in current, and (1.8%) in power.
Wireless Data Acquisition System Using ARM Cortex M-3IOSR Journals
The document describes a wireless data acquisition system using an ARM Cortex M-3 processor. The system collects data from gas, humidity, and temperature sensors and transmits the data wirelessly via Bluetooth to a host computer. The host computer uses virtual instrument software to process and display the received data in real-time. The system provides wireless and real-time data collection that can be used in applications like industrial monitoring and mobile meter reading.
This document provides a review of the Internet of Things (IoT). It defines IoT as connecting physical objects to the internet through sensors that allow the objects to communicate and exchange data. The review discusses the history and key elements of IoT, including sensing, communication, data analytics, and delivery of information to users. It also outlines the layers of IoT architecture, enabling technologies like RFID and wireless sensor networks, and both advantages and security threats of the IoT approach. The goal is to provide a generalized overview of the widely known IoT technology.
Low cost energy-efficient smart monitoring system using open-source microcont...zaidinvisible
This document summarizes a smart home monitoring system that uses multiple microcontrollers connected in a master-slave configuration to provide low-cost and energy-efficient monitoring. The system uses sensors to detect motion and events, then triggers responses from components like buzzers, lights, cameras, and GSM. It allows authorized users to activate and deactivate the system using an authentication code. The system aims to achieve scalability, flexibility, low-cost, and energy efficiency compared to other existing home monitoring and automation systems.
Internet of things (IOT) Presentation-PPTCharan Vimala
This document appears to be a technical seminar presentation on Internet of Things (IoT) given by Charan S, a student in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Acharya Institute of Technology. The presentation covers topics such as the definition of IoT, its architecture including sensor, network and application layers, enabling technologies like RFID and sensors, applications in various domains like smart homes and agriculture, challenges faced by IoT including security, connectivity and big data, and potential solutions to address these challenges. It includes references to research papers and websites for further information.
This document outlines a syllabus for a course on Internet of Things technology. It discusses several topics that will be covered in Module 4 on data and analytics for IoT, including an introduction to data analytics for IoT, structured versus unstructured data, data in motion versus data at rest, and an overview of descriptive, diagnostic, predictive, and prescriptive analytics. Specific techniques that will be examined include machine learning, big data analytics tools, edge streaming analytics, and network analytics. Examples are provided for each topic to illustrate key concepts relating to analyzing large amounts of IoT sensor data.
1) The document discusses a GSM based power meter reading and control system that uses GSM technology to remotely read electricity meters and control home appliances.
2) Current manual meter reading is time-consuming and prone to errors. The proposed system sends daily meter readings via SMS to both users and the electricity department to generate accurate bills.
3) It also allows remote control of appliances to reduce unnecessary power consumption and save energy by monitoring power usage and controlling loads that exceed predefined limits.
Abstract: A proposed development of the Internet in which everyday objects have network connectivity, allowing them to send and receive data.(or) The concept of internetworking of physical devices, vehicles, buildings and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and network connectivity that enable these objects to collect and exchange data is defined as “Internet of things”.It is the basic necessity for developing a smart environment in which all the physical appliances communicate with each other to deliver ease of living reducing the manual work up to a great extent. This inter-connected smart environment is the future of electronic universe enabling sophistication to all the time consuming manual data transfers and instructions carried out by the mankind. The infrastructure of information society depends up on IOT, enhancing the opportunities for more direct integration between physical and cyber world. Therefore, ultimately providing improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefits.
Keywords: Internet of things, sensors, worldwide controlling, windows application, Internet monitoring, smart sensor calibration.
Title: Smart Home Automation Using IOT (Internet OF Things)
Author: Mr. Jawwad Khizar Patel, Mr. Mohammed Abdul Moyeed, Mr. Syed Ahmed Zayaanuddin, Mr. Mohammed, Mrs E. Shilpa
ISSN 2349-7815
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Paper Publications
IRJET- IoT based Smart Electricity Meter and Billing SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed IOT-based smart electricity meter and billing system. The existing system uses manual meter reading and billing which is time-consuming and prone to errors and corruption. The proposed system uses an Arduino microcontroller connected to electricity meters and relays. Sensor data from the meters is sent wirelessly to a cloud server via WiFi/Bluetooth modules. This allows automatic meter reading and billing calculation. Users receive notifications via SMS. Unpaid bills can trigger relays to remotely disconnect power supply. The system aims to improve accuracy, prevent theft, and reduce human involvement in the metering and billing process.
IRJET-Simulation of Smart Meter Using Proteus software for Smart GridIRJET Journal
This document describes a simulation of a smart meter using Proteus software for a smart grid system. It involves designing a Zigbee-based smart power meter that can read power consumption and communicate data wirelessly to a utility server. The smart meter implementation uses an ARM cortex M4 microcontroller to monitor power usage and transmit consumption details via Zigbee modules. The simulation is done using Embedded C in Proteus along with a CCS compiler. Key aspects covered include the system design, Zigbee technology, tarang communication modules, the smart meter operation flowchart, components like relays and transformers, and benefits of smart grids and smart metering.
Design and Implementation of Wireless Sensor Node for WSN for Automatic Meter...paperpublications3
Abstract:Deploying an embedded technology, a wireless sensor node is designed and implemented for establishment of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) for automatic meter reading. The amount of power consumed by the load is extracted by passing the respective current through 1Ohm resistor. The analog voltage observed across it is digitized by employing on chip ADC of AVR Atmega 8L microcontroller. The ADC of 10 bit resolution helps to enhance preciseness in the data. Using principle of energy meter, the power consumed is determined and depicted in the terms of watts and units as well. An embedded firmware is developed by employing CodeVisionAVR, the IDE, which is dedicated for AVR family of microcontrollers. Employing an ubiquitous technology, the Zigbee technology, RF communication is established at 2.4GHz of ISM band. The Zigbee RF module is interfaced to the system and programmed by using X-CTU. Each node (End Devices) is assigned with its own ID and disseminates the data to the co-ordinator node, which is interfaced to the base station. The present wireless sensor network is operating in star technology and following IEEE 802.15.4 standards, it is operating with great reliability. The WSN is suitable for electric power distribution and control boards.
Keyword:Automatic Meter Reading, AVR Microcontroller, Embedded technology, IEEE802.15.4, WSN, Zigbee technology.
Building the smart grid means integration of advanced information, communication and networking
technologies in the traditional electric grid to make it smarter and faster in making decisions. IoT platform
provides very high redundancy, virtually unlimited data storage and worldwide data access. Through the IoT,
consumers, manufacturers and utility providers will uncover new ways to manage devices and ultimately conserve
resources and save money by using smart meters, home gateways and connected appliances. In this paper, we
propose an architecture for monitoring power in smart grid applications using wireless sensor network (WSN)
technology embedded in an Internet of Things platform (IoT). The advantages of the proposed architecture are: 1)
it ensures privacy and provides secure access to data; 2) it enables users, service providers and application
developers to interact with the platform through user interfaces.
This document summarizes the design of a wireless remote water meter system using GPRS technology. Key aspects include:
1) The system allows for low-cost, accurate remote water metering that can function in complex environments.
2) It uses a S3C2440 chip to detect water usage, store the data, and regularly send it via text message through GPRS to a monitoring center.
3) The system architecture includes a flow sensor, signal processing unit, data storage, and wireless communication module to transfer water usage data remotely for validation and analysis.
IRJET - IoT based Energy Monitoring System for Energy ConservationIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and implementation of a low-cost IoT energy monitoring system. Sensors are used to measure environmental data like temperature, humidity, and motion. An energy monitoring solution integrates with these sensors. The system uses a PZEM-004T energy meter, CT sensors, an SD3004 chip, and ESP8266 microcontroller to measure voltage, current, power consumption, and more. This data is sent via MQTT to a Raspberry Pi server. The system provides energy monitoring for applications like billing, smart grids, and home automation in a low-cost way. It concludes the system successfully monitors energy metrics and sends data to servers for analysis and management.
IRJET- Design of a High Performance IoT QoS Transmission Mechanism and Middle...IRJET Journal
The document proposes an Efficient Power-Consumption (IoT) middleware based on the oneM2M communication standard. The middleware provides two mechanisms: 1) A Dynamic Duplication Avoidance Transmission Control mechanism that reduces transmission traffic by avoiding unnecessary duplicated data transmissions between sensors, gateways and servers. 2) A Dynamic Power Adaptation mechanism that dynamically adjusts the power consumption and sleep intervals of sensor devices based on factors like data quality, battery level, and sensor variation, to efficiently manage power consumption while maintaining data quality. The mechanisms aim to build an efficient IoT middleware platform for applications like environmental monitoring.
IRJET- Design and Implement Mechanism for Efficient Energy Meter using IoTIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed smart electricity meter system using IoT. The system would automate the manual process of monthly electricity bill calculation and reading. Sensors in the electricity meter would collect real-time energy consumption data and send it wirelessly to a centralized system. This would make the billing process more accurate and efficient by eliminating human error. It could also provide load monitoring to strengthen the electricity distribution system based on usage patterns. The proposed system aims to reduce costs for utilities while providing users with more control over their electricity usage and billing.
IRJET- Iot Based Smart Energy MonitoringIRJET Journal
This document describes an IOT-based smart energy monitoring system that uses an Arduino microcontroller and ESP8266 WiFi module. The system measures energy consumption in watts using a current sensor and displays the readings on an LCD screen and online via a webpage. It allows users to remotely monitor energy usage in real-time. If energy usage exceeds a threshold, the system can detect theft. The system aims to automate meter readings, optimize energy usage, and reduce wastage by providing usage data to consumers.
Integration of internet of things with wireless sensor networkIJECEIAES
The Internet of things (IoT) is a major source for technology solutions in many industries. The IoT can consider, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) as the backbone network to reduce formation or advent of new technology. Integration of these would reduce the burden and form smart sensor node network with nodes given access to internet. WSN is already a major legacy system that has percolated into many industries. Thus by integration of IoT and WSN no huge paradigm shift is needed for the industries.
IRJET- Review on Design of Residential IoT based Smart Energy MetersIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new design for an IoT-based smart energy meter for residential use. The key points are:
1) Current smart meters use sensors to record real-time energy consumption and wireless technologies like GSM to transmit data to cloud servers for utilities to access. However, most designs do not allow users to easily access their own data.
2) The proposed new design develops a low-cost and energy-efficient smart meter that establishes a wireless-based system. This would allow users to easily access their real-time energy consumption data.
3) The design aims to give users more control and visibility over their energy usage and costs through wireless communication between the smart
This document discusses the future of internet networks, media, and services. It outlines three visions for the future internet: as a unifying communication platform connecting billions of people and devices; as an intelligent application platform that will take over functionality currently provided on personal platforms; and as an immersive medium that will support natural interaction between people and their environment. It then discusses example research areas including cognitive radio networks, autonomic systems, immersive and context-aware collaborative environments, and energy efficiency in and by ICT. The document concludes with an example research unit roadmap and organization structure.
The document provides an overview of Internet of Things (IoT) concepts including definitions, characteristics, physical and logical design of IoT systems, enabling technologies, communication models and protocols. It discusses domain-specific IoT applications, IoT platforms design methodology, physical IoT devices, and emerging technologies related to IoT like big data, industry 4.0, RFID and mobile app development tools.
This document outlines the syllabus for an Internet of Things Technology course taught by Dr. Syed Mustafa at HKBK College of Engineering in Bengaluru. It covers key topics like smart objects, sensors, actuators, and micro-electro-mechanical systems. The evaluation process includes three internal assessments weighted at 30%, 40%, and 30% respectively, covering different portions of the syllabus. Students must also submit assignments and have a class participation rate of at least 85%.
Design and Implementation of IOT Based Smart Power Monitoring and Management ...ijesajournal
We will design a system based on WSNs and IoT technologies to manage real-time power at buildings. This system comprises of: a wireless sensor network (sensing node and base station) and a smart home gateway. A sensing node is utilized wireless sensors to measure voltage and current; to calculate power consumption of connected appliances, transmitted wirelessly to a base station via Zigbee node. A base station is designed to receive all data transmitted from the sensing node and display it through GUI available at the personal computer, with the possibility of controlling ON and OFF appliances according to consumer requirements; All of these readings will be stored at database for analysis. In addition, a smart home gateway will connect the system with internet to allow consumers to continuous monitoring and remote control the appliances via a smartphone application. The benefit of this system, that the appliances control mechanism can be done in different ways (manually, automatically, and remotely). Various household appliances were tested to verify the accuracy of the electrical parameters that measured at system and compare them with practical measurement, found the average error ratio between them (0.3%) was in voltage, (1.5%) in current, and (1.8%) in power.
Wireless Data Acquisition System Using ARM Cortex M-3IOSR Journals
The document describes a wireless data acquisition system using an ARM Cortex M-3 processor. The system collects data from gas, humidity, and temperature sensors and transmits the data wirelessly via Bluetooth to a host computer. The host computer uses virtual instrument software to process and display the received data in real-time. The system provides wireless and real-time data collection that can be used in applications like industrial monitoring and mobile meter reading.
This document provides a review of the Internet of Things (IoT). It defines IoT as connecting physical objects to the internet through sensors that allow the objects to communicate and exchange data. The review discusses the history and key elements of IoT, including sensing, communication, data analytics, and delivery of information to users. It also outlines the layers of IoT architecture, enabling technologies like RFID and wireless sensor networks, and both advantages and security threats of the IoT approach. The goal is to provide a generalized overview of the widely known IoT technology.
Low cost energy-efficient smart monitoring system using open-source microcont...zaidinvisible
This document summarizes a smart home monitoring system that uses multiple microcontrollers connected in a master-slave configuration to provide low-cost and energy-efficient monitoring. The system uses sensors to detect motion and events, then triggers responses from components like buzzers, lights, cameras, and GSM. It allows authorized users to activate and deactivate the system using an authentication code. The system aims to achieve scalability, flexibility, low-cost, and energy efficiency compared to other existing home monitoring and automation systems.
Internet of things (IOT) Presentation-PPTCharan Vimala
This document appears to be a technical seminar presentation on Internet of Things (IoT) given by Charan S, a student in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Acharya Institute of Technology. The presentation covers topics such as the definition of IoT, its architecture including sensor, network and application layers, enabling technologies like RFID and sensors, applications in various domains like smart homes and agriculture, challenges faced by IoT including security, connectivity and big data, and potential solutions to address these challenges. It includes references to research papers and websites for further information.
This document outlines a syllabus for a course on Internet of Things technology. It discusses several topics that will be covered in Module 4 on data and analytics for IoT, including an introduction to data analytics for IoT, structured versus unstructured data, data in motion versus data at rest, and an overview of descriptive, diagnostic, predictive, and prescriptive analytics. Specific techniques that will be examined include machine learning, big data analytics tools, edge streaming analytics, and network analytics. Examples are provided for each topic to illustrate key concepts relating to analyzing large amounts of IoT sensor data.
1) The document discusses a GSM based power meter reading and control system that uses GSM technology to remotely read electricity meters and control home appliances.
2) Current manual meter reading is time-consuming and prone to errors. The proposed system sends daily meter readings via SMS to both users and the electricity department to generate accurate bills.
3) It also allows remote control of appliances to reduce unnecessary power consumption and save energy by monitoring power usage and controlling loads that exceed predefined limits.
Abstract: A proposed development of the Internet in which everyday objects have network connectivity, allowing them to send and receive data.(or) The concept of internetworking of physical devices, vehicles, buildings and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and network connectivity that enable these objects to collect and exchange data is defined as “Internet of things”.It is the basic necessity for developing a smart environment in which all the physical appliances communicate with each other to deliver ease of living reducing the manual work up to a great extent. This inter-connected smart environment is the future of electronic universe enabling sophistication to all the time consuming manual data transfers and instructions carried out by the mankind. The infrastructure of information society depends up on IOT, enhancing the opportunities for more direct integration between physical and cyber world. Therefore, ultimately providing improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefits.
Keywords: Internet of things, sensors, worldwide controlling, windows application, Internet monitoring, smart sensor calibration.
Title: Smart Home Automation Using IOT (Internet OF Things)
Author: Mr. Jawwad Khizar Patel, Mr. Mohammed Abdul Moyeed, Mr. Syed Ahmed Zayaanuddin, Mr. Mohammed, Mrs E. Shilpa
ISSN 2349-7815
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Paper Publications
IRJET- IoT based Smart Electricity Meter and Billing SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed IOT-based smart electricity meter and billing system. The existing system uses manual meter reading and billing which is time-consuming and prone to errors and corruption. The proposed system uses an Arduino microcontroller connected to electricity meters and relays. Sensor data from the meters is sent wirelessly to a cloud server via WiFi/Bluetooth modules. This allows automatic meter reading and billing calculation. Users receive notifications via SMS. Unpaid bills can trigger relays to remotely disconnect power supply. The system aims to improve accuracy, prevent theft, and reduce human involvement in the metering and billing process.
IRJET-Simulation of Smart Meter Using Proteus software for Smart GridIRJET Journal
This document describes a simulation of a smart meter using Proteus software for a smart grid system. It involves designing a Zigbee-based smart power meter that can read power consumption and communicate data wirelessly to a utility server. The smart meter implementation uses an ARM cortex M4 microcontroller to monitor power usage and transmit consumption details via Zigbee modules. The simulation is done using Embedded C in Proteus along with a CCS compiler. Key aspects covered include the system design, Zigbee technology, tarang communication modules, the smart meter operation flowchart, components like relays and transformers, and benefits of smart grids and smart metering.
Design and Implementation of Wireless Sensor Node for WSN for Automatic Meter...paperpublications3
Abstract:Deploying an embedded technology, a wireless sensor node is designed and implemented for establishment of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) for automatic meter reading. The amount of power consumed by the load is extracted by passing the respective current through 1Ohm resistor. The analog voltage observed across it is digitized by employing on chip ADC of AVR Atmega 8L microcontroller. The ADC of 10 bit resolution helps to enhance preciseness in the data. Using principle of energy meter, the power consumed is determined and depicted in the terms of watts and units as well. An embedded firmware is developed by employing CodeVisionAVR, the IDE, which is dedicated for AVR family of microcontrollers. Employing an ubiquitous technology, the Zigbee technology, RF communication is established at 2.4GHz of ISM band. The Zigbee RF module is interfaced to the system and programmed by using X-CTU. Each node (End Devices) is assigned with its own ID and disseminates the data to the co-ordinator node, which is interfaced to the base station. The present wireless sensor network is operating in star technology and following IEEE 802.15.4 standards, it is operating with great reliability. The WSN is suitable for electric power distribution and control boards.
Keyword:Automatic Meter Reading, AVR Microcontroller, Embedded technology, IEEE802.15.4, WSN, Zigbee technology.
Building the smart grid means integration of advanced information, communication and networking
technologies in the traditional electric grid to make it smarter and faster in making decisions. IoT platform
provides very high redundancy, virtually unlimited data storage and worldwide data access. Through the IoT,
consumers, manufacturers and utility providers will uncover new ways to manage devices and ultimately conserve
resources and save money by using smart meters, home gateways and connected appliances. In this paper, we
propose an architecture for monitoring power in smart grid applications using wireless sensor network (WSN)
technology embedded in an Internet of Things platform (IoT). The advantages of the proposed architecture are: 1)
it ensures privacy and provides secure access to data; 2) it enables users, service providers and application
developers to interact with the platform through user interfaces.
This document summarizes the design of a wireless remote water meter system using GPRS technology. Key aspects include:
1) The system allows for low-cost, accurate remote water metering that can function in complex environments.
2) It uses a S3C2440 chip to detect water usage, store the data, and regularly send it via text message through GPRS to a monitoring center.
3) The system architecture includes a flow sensor, signal processing unit, data storage, and wireless communication module to transfer water usage data remotely for validation and analysis.
IRJET - IoT based Energy Monitoring System for Energy ConservationIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and implementation of a low-cost IoT energy monitoring system. Sensors are used to measure environmental data like temperature, humidity, and motion. An energy monitoring solution integrates with these sensors. The system uses a PZEM-004T energy meter, CT sensors, an SD3004 chip, and ESP8266 microcontroller to measure voltage, current, power consumption, and more. This data is sent via MQTT to a Raspberry Pi server. The system provides energy monitoring for applications like billing, smart grids, and home automation in a low-cost way. It concludes the system successfully monitors energy metrics and sends data to servers for analysis and management.
1) This document discusses several research papers related to continuous data acquisition algorithms for smart grids using cloud-based technologies and smart meters.
2) It summarizes papers on cloud-based smart metering systems that use standardized communication between smart meters and servers stored in the cloud to optimize energy consumption. Another paper proposes a data collection algorithm that uses energy maps and clustering to reduce energy consumption and increase network lifetime.
3) A third paper discusses utilities using satellites to remotely collect meter data in real-time for accuracy. A final paper presents an algorithm for smart building power consumption scheduling that uses smart meters and dynamic pricing to incentivize shifting usage to low-cost time periods.
DATA ACQUISITION AND ALERT SYSTEM USING BLYNK PLATFORMIRJET Journal
This document describes a data acquisition and alert system using the Blynk platform to facilitate Industry 4.0. The system collects data from sensors interfaced with a Node MCU microcontroller, including temperature sensors and a proximity sensor on an extruder machine. The sensor data is analyzed on the Blynk IoT platform. The system sends alerts through Blynk when sensor values indicate issues requiring attention, such as high temperatures. Experimental results found the data acquisition system calculated production rates accurately compared to manual calculations, with 98% accuracy over 9.5 hours of operation. The system successfully monitored machine operations and sent alerts.
IRJET- Earthquake Early Warning System for AndroidIRJET Journal
This document describes the development of an earthquake early warning system for Android devices. The system uses sensors in smartphones to detect earthquake vibrations and differentiate them from human motion. When an earthquake is detected, a warning is sent to other smartphones via a network. The system aims to enhance current warning systems by leveraging rising mobile and sensor technologies. It discusses developing smartphone software to capture sensor data and perform analytics to identify earthquakes. Evaluation shows smartphones can accurately detect earthquakes and create a new type of seismic network. This would improve safety for communities vulnerable to earthquakes worldwide.
Low-cost real-time internet of things-based monitoring system for power grid ...IJECEIAES
This system creates a low-cost IoT-based monitoring system for power grid transformers to monitor their status in real-time. Sensors measure temperature, humidity, oil level, voltage, vibration, and pressure and send the data via ESP32 to a cloud interface. This allows maintenance centers to detect abnormalities before failures and improve transformer efficiency in smart grids. The low-cost system was built for under $23 using inexpensive and accessible components like an ESP32 board, DHT22 sensor, and ultrasonic sensor. It demonstrates the feasibility of remotely monitoring transformers to extend their lifetimes.
Sensor Network to monitor Atmosphere for Green House and Agriculture SciencesKarthik Sharma
Greenhouses use controlled environments for agricultural research, where temperature, humidity, and other environmental factors must be closely monitored. This document describes a wireless sensor network used to continuously monitor these conditions across a vast greenhouse area. Sensor nodes collect data and send it wirelessly to a central server where it is stored in a database. Webpages are then used to analyze and visualize the sensor data in both tabular and chart formats, allowing users to monitor conditions and detect any changes. While initially deploying three sensor nodes as a prototype, the system is designed to easily scale up to more nodes across large greenhouse networks. Future work may involve integrating additional sensor types and improving the graphical user interface.
IRJET- A Study on: Wireless Sensing Network (WSN) Gas Leakage Detection S...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on a wireless sensing network (WSN) gas leakage detection system using IoT. The system uses a gas sensor interfaced with a NodeMCU microcontroller to detect gas leaks. When gas is detected, the NodeMCU sends data to the cloud and activates a buzzer. The system aims to detect leaks early to prevent fires and explosions. It allows monitoring gas levels remotely without human interaction using WSN and IoT technologies.
The document describes a wireless data acquisition system using an ARM Cortex M-3 processor. The system collects data from gas, humidity, and temperature sensors and transmits the data wirelessly via Bluetooth to a host computer. The ARM processor samples the sensor data using its analog-to-digital converter and transmits the digital values to the host computer in real-time. The host computer receives the data using a Bluetooth receiver and displays the measurements graphically using MATLAB for monitoring and analysis purposes. The system provides wireless short-range data collection and is suitable for applications like industrial monitoring and mobile meter reading.
Power consumption analysis on an IoT network based on wemos: a case studyTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The document analyzes the power consumption of an Internet of Things (IoT) network based on Wemos devices. The network monitors temperature and luminosity data from sensors at different locations using Wemos modules connected to DHT22 and TSL2561 sensors. The Wemos transmit the sensor data to an ESP8266 device every 0.5 or 1 minute, which then sends it to a NodeRed MQTT broker and MongoDB database. Battery life and communication quality are evaluated under different transmission frequencies. Results show that battery life is proportional to the transmission frequency, with longer life at 1 minute versus 0.5 minute transmissions, while communication quality decreases slightly with less frequent transmissions.
A Comprehensive Review of Artificial Neural Network Techniques Used for Smart...ssuser793b4e
The recent developments in computational science and smart metering have led to a gradual replacement of the traditional load forecasting methods by artificial intelligent (AI) technology. The smart meters for residential buildings have become available on the market, and since then, various studies on load forecasting have been published. Contingency planning, load shedding, management strategies and commercialization strategies are all influenced by load forecasts. Predicting a lower load than the actual load results in utilities not committing the necessary generation units and therefore incurring higher costs due to the use of peak power plants; on the other hand, predicting a higher load than actual will result in higher costs because unnecessary baseline units are stated and not used . Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) provide an accurate approach to the problem of energy forecasting and have the advantage of not requiring the user to have a clear, understanding of the underlying mathematical relationship between input and output. The aim of this work is to a carry-out Comprehensive Review of Artificial Neural Network Techniques Used for Smart Meter-Embedded forecasting System.
IRJET - Energy Efficient Approach for Data Aggregation in IoTIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on developing an energy efficient approach for data aggregation in IoT networks. The paper proposes using cache nodes between cluster heads and the base station to reduce energy consumption. It analyzes that the proposed technique of deploying cache nodes performs better than the existing LEACH protocol in terms of packet loss, throughput and energy consumption. The simulation results show that the proposed approach lowers packet loss and energy usage compared to directly transmitting data from cluster heads to the base station.
TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS PROMOTING THE EXPANSION OF INTERNET OF THINGSIAEME Publication
This document analyzes technological factors promoting the expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT). It discusses how advancements in areas like smaller sensors and chipsets, radio frequency identification technology, internet technology, and communication speeds and latency have enabled the growth of IoT. These factors include the ability to produce smaller, lower-cost electronic components; support for more internet-connected devices through standards like IPv6; and faster, more responsive wireless networks capable of powering real-time IoT applications.
Hybrid NarrowBand-internet of things protocol for real time data optimization IJECEIAES
The level of dependence on data communication in the modern era is increasing exponentially. The internet of things (IoT) plays a very important role in the advancement of the industrial revolution 4.0 that utilizes data communication systems. IoT deployments require data communication protocols, such as hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), and message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) as well as network communication protocols (wireless) to meet the network needs of devices with limited resources. Optimization of data communication in IoT is needed to maintain the quality of sending and receiving data in real time. This research proposes a hybrid NarrowBand-IoT (NB-IoT) protocol designed using NarrowBand communication network technology with optimization of data communication using MQTT and HTTP protocols. In this research, the hybrid NB-IoT protocol has the best packet loss value of 0.010% against the HTTP NB-IoT protocol which has a value of 0.017%, and the MQTT NB-IoT protocol of 0.024%. The hybrid NB-IoT protocol has a latency value of 8.7 seconds compared to the HTTP NB-IoT protocol which has a latency of 10.9 seconds. Meanwhile, the throughput value of the hybrid NB-IoT protocol is 158906.1 byte/s and is better than the MQTT NB-IoT protocol which is only 158898.6 bytes/s.
This document proposes an IoT-based monitoring system for smart home services using a tri-level context making model. The system includes sensor nodes with various sensors that collect environmental data and send it wirelessly to an ARM microcontroller connected to the internet. The microcontroller analyzes the data using the tri-level context model to generate high-level contexts and determine appropriate actions. This allows users to monitor parameters and control devices via the internet. The system was prototyped and tested through scenarios like disaster management and health care services.
Iot Based Society Automation Using GTBS ProtocolIRJET Journal
This document proposes an IoT-based society automation system using a Green Task-Based Scheduling (GTBS) protocol. The system uses wireless sensor networks to monitor and control gate security and home appliances. Sensors collect data on factors like fire, gas leaks, and intrusions. The GTBS protocol efficiently schedules sensor tasks to reduce redundant data transmission and conserve energy. The system aims to automate residential societies for improved security and convenience with minimal human intervention.
IRJET- Fuel Theft Detection Location Tracing using Internet of ThingsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on a fuel theft detection and location tracing system using Internet of Things. It discusses how the current framework has low accuracy in detecting fuel theft from vehicle tanks. The proposed system uses a flow sensor to calculate the amount of fuel filled and an ultrasonic sensor to continuously monitor the fuel level. If a sudden drop in fuel level is detected, the system will ring an alarm and notify the vehicle owner. It also allows fraudulent activities to be directly reported to authorities. The system stores historical data for future use.
Designing smart pulse flow meters using diversion analysisIJECEIAES
The document describes the design of a smart water flow meter module using diversion (inverse) analysis. Through inverting typical negative design features of flow meters, additional functionality is identified for the new device. Specifically, the device uses a wired data interface, non-volatile memory, mains power supply, and integrated display to address issues like data loss, power outages, battery replacement, and difficult indicator access. The designed electronic module implements these features, including data transfer to cloud storage, leak detection warnings, and predictive analytics capabilities. The proposed smart meter architecture offers improved ergonomics, reliability, and functionality over comparable existing solutions.
IoT Based Smart Energy Meter using Raspberry Pi and Arduino Bilal Amjad
This project, design and implemented a low-cost IoT based energy monitoring system (smart energy meter) for real-time monitoring of all electrical parameters i.e. AC voltage, AC current, active power, total energy consumption, power factor, frequency, and tariff. The design is based on a low-cost PZEM-004T, using a non-invasive Current Transformer
(CT) sensors, Arduino and Raspberry pi. Electrical measurements are done by PZEM-004T and CT sensors through Arduino. Raspberry pi communicates with Arduino through serial communication to retrieve these sensor’s data and send it to the server via internet. As a result, the developed energy monitoring system can successfully record the voltage, current, active power, power factor, frequency, accumulative power consumption and tariff. Consumers will be able to
see their electricity usage and the tariff according to the energy usage in real-time through web and mobile application. In case of any fault e.g., short circuit or power supply cut off, the consumer will receive a text message on his mobile number. Moreover, consumers will be able to receive the tariff on a weekly or monthly basis.
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Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
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scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
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metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
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Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Neural network optimizer of proportional-integral-differential controller par...IJECEIAES
Wide application of proportional-integral-differential (PID)-regulator in industry requires constant improvement of methods of its parameters adjustment. The paper deals with the issues of optimization of PID-regulator parameters with the use of neural network technology methods. A methodology for choosing the architecture (structure) of neural network optimizer is proposed, which consists in determining the number of layers, the number of neurons in each layer, as well as the form and type of activation function. Algorithms of neural network training based on the application of the method of minimizing the mismatch between the regulated value and the target value are developed. The method of back propagation of gradients is proposed to select the optimal training rate of neurons of the neural network. The neural network optimizer, which is a superstructure of the linear PID controller, allows increasing the regulation accuracy from 0.23 to 0.09, thus reducing the power consumption from 65% to 53%. The results of the conducted experiments allow us to conclude that the created neural superstructure may well become a prototype of an automatic voltage regulator (AVR)-type industrial controller for tuning the parameters of the PID controller.
An improved modulation technique suitable for a three level flying capacitor ...IJECEIAES
This research paper introduces an innovative modulation technique for controlling a 3-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCMLI), aiming to streamline the modulation process in contrast to conventional methods. The proposed
simplified modulation technique paves the way for more straightforward and
efficient control of multilevel inverters, enabling their widespread adoption and
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capacitor. The modulation scheme incorporates a simplified switching pattern
and a decreased count of voltage references, thereby simplifying the control
algorithm.
A review on features and methods of potential fishing zoneIJECEIAES
This review focuses on the importance of identifying potential fishing zones in seawater for sustainable fishing practices. It explores features like sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height (SSH), along with classification methods such as classifiers. The features like SST, SSH, and different classifiers used to classify the data, have been figured out in this review study. This study underscores the importance of examining potential fishing zones using advanced analytical techniques. It thoroughly explores the methodologies employed by researchers, covering both past and current approaches. The examination centers on data characteristics and the application of classification algorithms for classification of potential fishing zones. Furthermore, the prediction of potential fishing zones relies significantly on the effectiveness of classification algorithms. Previous research has assessed the performance of models like support vector machines, naïve Bayes, and artificial neural networks (ANN). In the previous result, the results of support vector machine (SVM) were 97.6% more accurate than naive Bayes's 94.2% to classify test data for fisheries classification. By considering the recent works in this area, several recommendations for future works are presented to further improve the performance of the potential fishing zone models, which is important to the fisheries community.
Electrical signal interference minimization using appropriate core material f...IJECEIAES
As demand for smaller, quicker, and more powerful devices rises, Moore's law is strictly followed. The industry has worked hard to make little devices that boost productivity. The goal is to optimize device density. Scientists are reducing connection delays to improve circuit performance. This helped them understand three-dimensional integrated circuit (3D IC) concepts, which stack active devices and create vertical connections to diminish latency and lower interconnects. Electrical involvement is a big worry with 3D integrates circuits. Researchers have developed and tested through silicon via (TSV) and substrates to decrease electrical wave involvement. This study illustrates a novel noise coupling reduction method using several electrical involvement models. A 22% drop in electrical involvement from wave-carrying to victim TSVs introduces this new paradigm and improves system performance even at higher THz frequencies.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Bibliometric analysis highlighting the role of women in addressing climate ch...IJECEIAES
Fossil fuel consumption increased quickly, contributing to climate change
that is evident in unusual flooding and draughts, and global warming. Over
the past ten years, women's involvement in society has grown dramatically,
and they succeeded in playing a noticeable role in reducing climate change.
A bibliometric analysis of data from the last ten years has been carried out to
examine the role of women in addressing the climate change. The analysis's
findings discussed the relevant to the sustainable development goals (SDGs),
particularly SDG 7 and SDG 13. The results considered contributions made
by women in the various sectors while taking geographic dispersion into
account. The bibliometric analysis delves into topics including women's
leadership in environmental groups, their involvement in policymaking, their
contributions to sustainable development projects, and the influence of
gender diversity on attempts to mitigate climate change. This study's results
highlight how women have influenced policies and actions related to climate
change, point out areas of research deficiency and recommendations on how
to increase role of the women in addressing the climate change and
achieving sustainability. To achieve more successful results, this initiative
aims to highlight the significance of gender equality and encourage
inclusivity in climate change decision-making processes.
Voltage and frequency control of microgrid in presence of micro-turbine inter...IJECEIAES
The active and reactive load changes have a significant impact on voltage
and frequency. In this paper, in order to stabilize the microgrid (MG) against
load variations in islanding mode, the active and reactive power of all
distributed generators (DGs), including energy storage (battery), diesel
generator, and micro-turbine, are controlled. The micro-turbine generator is
connected to MG through a three-phase to three-phase matrix converter, and
the droop control method is applied for controlling the voltage and
frequency of MG. In addition, a method is introduced for voltage and
frequency control of micro-turbines in the transition state from gridconnected mode to islanding mode. A novel switching strategy of the matrix
converter is used for converting the high-frequency output voltage of the
micro-turbine to the grid-side frequency of the utility system. Moreover,
using the switching strategy, the low-order harmonics in the output current
and voltage are not produced, and consequently, the size of the output filter
would be reduced. In fact, the suggested control strategy is load-independent
and has no frequency conversion restrictions. The proposed approach for
voltage and frequency regulation demonstrates exceptional performance and
favorable response across various load alteration scenarios. The suggested
strategy is examined in several scenarios in the MG test systems, and the
simulation results are addressed.
Enhancing battery system identification: nonlinear autoregressive modeling fo...IJECEIAES
Precisely characterizing Li-ion batteries is essential for optimizing their
performance, enhancing safety, and prolonging their lifespan across various
applications, such as electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. This
article introduces an innovative nonlinear methodology for system
identification of a Li-ion battery, employing a nonlinear autoregressive with
exogenous inputs (NARX) model. The proposed approach integrates the
benefits of nonlinear modeling with the adaptability of the NARX structure,
facilitating a more comprehensive representation of the intricate
electrochemical processes within the battery. Experimental data collected
from a Li-ion battery operating under diverse scenarios are employed to
validate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The identified
NARX model exhibits superior accuracy in predicting the battery's behavior
compared to traditional linear models. This study underscores the
importance of accounting for nonlinearities in battery modeling, providing
insights into the intricate relationships between state-of-charge, voltage, and
current under dynamic conditions.
Smart grid deployment: from a bibliometric analysis to a surveyIJECEIAES
Smart grids are one of the last decades' innovations in electrical energy.
They bring relevant advantages compared to the traditional grid and
significant interest from the research community. Assessing the field's
evolution is essential to propose guidelines for facing new and future smart
grid challenges. In addition, knowing the main technologies involved in the
deployment of smart grids (SGs) is important to highlight possible
shortcomings that can be mitigated by developing new tools. This paper
contributes to the research trends mentioned above by focusing on two
objectives. First, a bibliometric analysis is presented to give an overview of
the current research level about smart grid deployment. Second, a survey of
the main technological approaches used for smart grid implementation and
their contributions are highlighted. To that effect, we searched the Web of
Science (WoS), and the Scopus databases. We obtained 5,663 documents
from WoS and 7,215 from Scopus on smart grid implementation or
deployment. With the extraction limitation in the Scopus database, 5,872 of
the 7,215 documents were extracted using a multi-step process. These two
datasets have been analyzed using a bibliometric tool called bibliometrix.
The main outputs are presented with some recommendations for future
research.
Use of analytical hierarchy process for selecting and prioritizing islanding ...IJECEIAES
One of the problems that are associated to power systems is islanding
condition, which must be rapidly and properly detected to prevent any
negative consequences on the system's protection, stability, and security.
This paper offers a thorough overview of several islanding detection
strategies, which are divided into two categories: classic approaches,
including local and remote approaches, and modern techniques, including
techniques based on signal processing and computational intelligence.
Additionally, each approach is compared and assessed based on several
factors, including implementation costs, non-detected zones, declining
power quality, and response times using the analytical hierarchy process
(AHP). The multi-criteria decision-making analysis shows that the overall
weight of passive methods (24.7%), active methods (7.8%), hybrid methods
(5.6%), remote methods (14.5%), signal processing-based methods (26.6%),
and computational intelligent-based methods (20.8%) based on the
comparison of all criteria together. Thus, it can be seen from the total weight
that hybrid approaches are the least suitable to be chosen, while signal
processing-based methods are the most appropriate islanding detection
method to be selected and implemented in power system with respect to the
aforementioned factors. Using Expert Choice software, the proposed
hierarchy model is studied and examined.
Enhancing of single-stage grid-connected photovoltaic system using fuzzy logi...IJECEIAES
The power generated by photovoltaic (PV) systems is influenced by
environmental factors. This variability hampers the control and utilization of
solar cells' peak output. In this study, a single-stage grid-connected PV
system is designed to enhance power quality. Our approach employs fuzzy
logic in the direct power control (DPC) of a three-phase voltage source
inverter (VSI), enabling seamless integration of the PV connected to the
grid. Additionally, a fuzzy logic-based maximum power point tracking
(MPPT) controller is adopted, which outperforms traditional methods like
incremental conductance (INC) in enhancing solar cell efficiency and
minimizing the response time. Moreover, the inverter's real-time active and
reactive power is directly managed to achieve a unity power factor (UPF).
The system's performance is assessed through MATLAB/Simulink
implementation, showing marked improvement over conventional methods,
particularly in steady-state and varying weather conditions. For solar
irradiances of 500 and 1,000 W/m2
, the results show that the proposed
method reduces the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the injected current
to the grid by approximately 46% and 38% compared to conventional
methods, respectively. Furthermore, we compare the simulation results with
IEEE standards to evaluate the system's grid compatibility.
Enhancing photovoltaic system maximum power point tracking with fuzzy logic-b...IJECEIAES
Photovoltaic systems have emerged as a promising energy resource that
caters to the future needs of society, owing to their renewable, inexhaustible,
and cost-free nature. The power output of these systems relies on solar cell
radiation and temperature. In order to mitigate the dependence on
atmospheric conditions and enhance power tracking, a conventional
approach has been improved by integrating various methods. To optimize
the generation of electricity from solar systems, the maximum power point
tracking (MPPT) technique is employed. To overcome limitations such as
steady-state voltage oscillations and improve transient response, two
traditional MPPT methods, namely fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and perturb
and observe (P&O), have been modified. This research paper aims to
simulate and validate the step size of the proposed modified P&O and FLC
techniques within the MPPT algorithm using MATLAB/Simulink for
efficient power tracking in photovoltaic systems.
Adaptive synchronous sliding control for a robot manipulator based on neural ...IJECEIAES
Robot manipulators have become important equipment in production lines, medical fields, and transportation. Improving the quality of trajectory tracking for
robot hands is always an attractive topic in the research community. This is a
challenging problem because robot manipulators are complex nonlinear systems
and are often subject to fluctuations in loads and external disturbances. This
article proposes an adaptive synchronous sliding control scheme to improve trajectory tracking performance for a robot manipulator. The proposed controller
ensures that the positions of the joints track the desired trajectory, synchronize
the errors, and significantly reduces chattering. First, the synchronous tracking
errors and synchronous sliding surfaces are presented. Second, the synchronous
tracking error dynamics are determined. Third, a robust adaptive control law is
designed,the unknown components of the model are estimated online by the neural network, and the parameters of the switching elements are selected by fuzzy
logic. The built algorithm ensures that the tracking and approximation errors
are ultimately uniformly bounded (UUB). Finally, the effectiveness of the constructed algorithm is demonstrated through simulation and experimental results.
Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed controller is effective with small synchronous tracking errors, and the chattering phenomenon is
significantly reduced.
Remote field-programmable gate array laboratory for signal acquisition and de...IJECEIAES
A remote laboratory utilizing field-programmable gate array (FPGA) technologies enhances students’ learning experience anywhere and anytime in embedded system design. Existing remote laboratories prioritize hardware access and visual feedback for observing board behavior after programming, neglecting comprehensive debugging tools to resolve errors that require internal signal acquisition. This paper proposes a novel remote embeddedsystem design approach targeting FPGA technologies that are fully interactive via a web-based platform. Our solution provides FPGA board access and debugging capabilities beyond the visual feedback provided by existing remote laboratories. We implemented a lab module that allows users to seamlessly incorporate into their FPGA design. The module minimizes hardware resource utilization while enabling the acquisition of a large number of data samples from the signal during the experiments by adaptively compressing the signal prior to data transmission. The results demonstrate an average compression ratio of 2.90 across three benchmark signals, indicating efficient signal acquisition and effective debugging and analysis. This method allows users to acquire more data samples than conventional methods. The proposed lab allows students to remotely test and debug their designs, bridging the gap between theory and practice in embedded system design.
Detecting and resolving feature envy through automated machine learning and m...IJECEIAES
Efficiently identifying and resolving code smells enhances software project quality. This paper presents a novel solution, utilizing automated machine learning (AutoML) techniques, to detect code smells and apply move method refactoring. By evaluating code metrics before and after refactoring, we assessed its impact on coupling, complexity, and cohesion. Key contributions of this research include a unique dataset for code smell classification and the development of models using AutoGluon for optimal performance. Furthermore, the study identifies the top 20 influential features in classifying feature envy, a well-known code smell, stemming from excessive reliance on external classes. We also explored how move method refactoring addresses feature envy, revealing reduced coupling and complexity, and improved cohesion, ultimately enhancing code quality. In summary, this research offers an empirical, data-driven approach, integrating AutoML and move method refactoring to optimize software project quality. Insights gained shed light on the benefits of refactoring on code quality and the significance of specific features in detecting feature envy. Future research can expand to explore additional refactoring techniques and a broader range of code metrics, advancing software engineering practices and standards.
Smart monitoring technique for solar cell systems using internet of things ba...IJECEIAES
Rapidly and remotely monitoring and receiving the solar cell systems status parameters, solar irradiance, temperature, and humidity, are critical issues in enhancement their efficiency. Hence, in the present article an improved smart prototype of internet of things (IoT) technique based on embedded system through NodeMCU ESP8266 (ESP-12E) was carried out experimentally. Three different regions at Egypt; Luxor, Cairo, and El-Beheira cities were chosen to study their solar irradiance profile, temperature, and humidity by the proposed IoT system. The monitoring data of solar irradiance, temperature, and humidity were live visualized directly by Ubidots through hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) protocol. The measured solar power radiation in Luxor, Cairo, and El-Beheira ranged between 216-1000, 245-958, and 187-692 W/m 2 respectively during the solar day. The accuracy and rapidity of obtaining monitoring results using the proposed IoT system made it a strong candidate for application in monitoring solar cell systems. On the other hand, the obtained solar power radiation results of the three considered regions strongly candidate Luxor and Cairo as suitable places to build up a solar cells system station rather than El-Beheira.
An efficient security framework for intrusion detection and prevention in int...IJECEIAES
Over the past few years, the internet of things (IoT) has advanced to connect billions of smart devices to improve quality of life. However, anomalies or malicious intrusions pose several security loopholes, leading to performance degradation and threat to data security in IoT operations. Thereby, IoT security systems must keep an eye on and restrict unwanted events from occurring in the IoT network. Recently, various technical solutions based on machine learning (ML) models have been derived towards identifying and restricting unwanted events in IoT. However, most ML-based approaches are prone to miss-classification due to inappropriate feature selection. Additionally, most ML approaches applied to intrusion detection and prevention consider supervised learning, which requires a large amount of labeled data to be trained. Consequently, such complex datasets are impossible to source in a large network like IoT. To address this problem, this proposed study introduces an efficient learning mechanism to strengthen the IoT security aspects. The proposed algorithm incorporates supervised and unsupervised approaches to improve the learning models for intrusion detection and mitigation. Compared with the related works, the experimental outcome shows that the model performs well in a benchmark dataset. It accomplishes an improved detection accuracy of approximately 99.21%.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
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principle of reading were used, with a limited sample, and GSM communication system was used that
transmitted data as a text message from meters to the server, where the data was stored for the calculation of
energy and maintenance of the measuring point [3]-[5]. However, the price dictated investment, so that the
cost of data transmission over GSM card was profitable only in exceptional situations and smart meters were
by price reserved for investments of large companies that were able to rely on the principle of "turn key" [5],
[6]. Although the smart meter readings were leading in the technology of measuring values, which were
important for the analysis of energy, technology advances opened the market of "Open Source Hardware"
(OSH) and "Open Source Software" (OSS) devices and tools [7]. In the last few months, these markets have
sufficiently technologically advanced. For a minimum cost, a measuring site can be put together including
primary equipment for energy measurement, the measuring transducers of signals in digital form, processing
units that collect the required signals [8], communication equipment and communication protocols that carry
data [9], the server on which the program for the analysis and /or storage of data runs [8],[9]. In previous
works, the collection of data from electric power plants was carried out only from the signal, which was
already ready for download, storage within the memory [7]. OSH [7],[8],[10] were used as well as the
Arduino Mega and PIC18LF4620 / CC2430 / S3C2440 systems, and as software the various cheap or
protected products were used [7],[10], which have the ability to connect smart devices in "the Cloud" as an
idea IoT (" Internet of Things "). What is not completely done, but is mentioned in [8] is the usage of the Wi-
Fi network that is highly adaptable to user requirements and can be implemented almost everywhere.
The work covers issues of installation of custom electronics, which collects data to the server where
the user makes the application for gathering, storing, managing and/or manipulating data. The aim of the
work is to analyze the market, to take advantage of available resources that an average household has within
reasonable economic categories, and compile a smart device for measuring all desired values. Data string of
the electric power values collected via OSH are: voltages (U), currents (I), and power (P). Many engineers
are not strangers to OSH and OSS components presented in this paper. What is new is a presented
multidisciplinary solution of problems which are suitable for households, research teams, academic
institutions, laboratories.
The paper is made in the following order: the second chapter presents OSH and OSS components of
which the whole device of the measuring site is assembled, parts of the measuring site. The third section
presents assembling of the meter with a focus on adjusting the components in order to be within the standards
of smart meters. The fourth chapter is testing of the meter and analysis of data collected from the measuring
point and comparison with smart meters that are on the market. The fifth chapter concludes the topic of the
paper.
2. METHODOLOGY
Automatic system of meter reading that relies on a Wi-Fi communication protocol has already been
suggested in previous works [5],[9]. In this system, AMR uses Wi-Fi communication protocol to send data to
a remote server. Data transfer is carried out within a specified period as a packet of information that includes
everything a user of AMR system requires. Time period, in which a data transfer is carried out, is defined in
the hardware when the parameters are set by the user. Packages sent via Wi-Fi protocols are within the
structure of HTML (HyperText Markup Language) 1.0, which is also a tool for presentation of selected data
on the chosen device.
The user is able to see the presentation of data on any device that has the ability to connect to Wi-Fi
communication bus bar (mobile devices, tablets, portable computers, etc.), and that recognizes the HTML 1.0
scripting language. Due to the features of Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) protocol, such as unlimited data transfer
through communication bus bar, easy and quick set up of all network settings, low-cost implementation,
wireless connectivity, are the reasons this protocol is selected for the communication platform of the
proposed AMR system. AMR possibilities that are available through the Wi-Fi protocol are expandable
simply by assembling a new AMR meter that would over a Wi-Fi bus or directly from the Ethernet cable
connect to the Wi-Fi router within the first AMR meter, by which the data packet would expand to a new
LAN IP address and become available to the user. The methodology and architecture of AMR
communication system are shown in Figure 1.
Information about current and voltage values are collected with the help of primary equipment at
power cables using Current Measurement Transformers (SMT). This information is converted to analog and
digital signals through the secondary measurement equipment that is located within the system of smart
meter. The data is processed within the Arduino Uno R3 plate and transfer to the Wi-Fi router over
ENC28J60 network module. Router transmits data to a Wi-Fi bus bar. Any device that has a HTML 1.0
browser and is connected to a local Wi-Fi network of the above mentioned routers can see the data in real
time. However, a server application that collects data, keeps them and deposits them on the hard drive of a
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computer is also on a computer that is connected to a Wi-Fi bus bar router. The application collects data from
the LAN address of the local network and stores them in the .txt file that is suitable for subsequent
processing.
Figure 1. The architecture of the AMR system
3. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE ASSEMBLY
All the components of which the AMR system is composed are available on the web stores of
electronic goods. They are completely changeable and adaptable to the user. Because the market of OS
equipment is unregulated, it is necessary to have additional knowledge when purchasing components, as not
all components are equal in quality nor are all of them compatible with each other. Before purchasing, it is
necessary to additionally inform oneself about the material that wants to be bought, figure out what is
necessary, and what quality should be satisfied. Software is also the OS and is based mainly on the JAVA
programming language. The programming tool for programming Arduino motherboard is available in all
portals that deal with Arduino products.
3.1. Hardware
Firstly, the primary side of AMR system is explained. Current measurement transformer, which is
used to measure the current with the power cable, is of the type ENTES ENT.B 75/5, 5VA, shown in Figure
2.
Figure 2. Current measurement transformer ENTES ENT.B
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Through the cable, it is connected to another current measurement transformer, which is exclusively
designed for the Arduino board. Current transformer is based on TA12-100 current sensor that can measure
current on the primary up to 5 A, and reduce it to 5 mA. The voltage is measured via voltage measuring
transformers, which are directly linked to the Arduino board. Voltage measurement transformer is of a type
ZMPT101B, shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3. Current Measurement Transformer and Voltage measurement Transformer for the Arduino board
All primary equipment for measuring energy values of current (I) and voltage (U) have a relative
error of 0.5 in relation to the measured value. Each measurement component as an output gives a sinusoidal
shape of the analog signal, which is transmitted to the entrance of the Arduino board. All measuring sensors
(I and U) are connected to the Arduino Uno R3 board that processes the signals. Signal processing involves
the collection of signals from analog inputs on the board, calculation of the RMS value of the signal and the
assignment of variables that are then suitable for sending the HTML 1.0. Figure 4 shows an Arduino Uno R3
board.
Figure 4. Arduino Uno R3 board
When the signals are encoded within the HTML code, they are forwarded then to a particular IP
address with the help of ENC28J60 network module that this package of information through the TCP / IP
protocol sends on ZYXEL 300 mbps router. Figure 5 shows the ENC28J60 network module for Arduino and
ZYXEL router. Wi-Fi router is set to have an unlocked Wi-Fi network for the ease of managing experiment.
Figure 5. ENC28J60 network module for Arduino board and ZYXEL 300 mbps Wi-Fi router
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The computer on which the server of applications is carried out for collecting information is Fujitsu
Lifebook S6410 with 2 GB of RAM. Regardless of the platform that is used in the role of the server,
application will be performed with no difficulties. In the event of a problem with hardware, one can simply
switch application to a different hardware and resume operation. Figure 7 shows the Fujitsu Lifebook S6410.
Figure 7. Fujitsu Lifebook S6410 in the role of a server for AMR
Finally, all mentioned is connected to a cardboard plate and fixed inside a suitcase made of hard
plastic. An important feature of all these components related to Arduino is a requirement of a power supply
via the Arduino Uno board, which is powered from a source of direct current 9 V. All components are
fastened with plastic laces, and all in the package is possible to transfer. Other components that were used are
the board for joining electronic components, network cable with RJ45 interface, a thin 1.7 mm2 conductors
for connecting components, adapters for supplying Arduino board and ZYXEL router from 9 V DC and 12 V
DC, one extension cord for outdoor power. Figure 8 shows the entire HW system as closed and ready for
transfer and open when it is in operation.
Figure 8. Left – opened bag with components in operation. Right – closed transfer suitcase
3.2. Software
The first OSS that is used is the program for programming Arduino UNO R3 board version 1.6.9. In
this software tool, all operations related to the work of the Arduino components are defined in the:
method of collecting sensor signals,
addressing signals to a variable,
calibration of values,
inclusion of libraries that are essential for the operation of the sensor
ways of sending data to the output that the user selects (in this case the IP address).
Figure 10 shows the programming interface for programming Arduino hardware.
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Figure 10. Application for programming Arduino UNO board
The following software that was used could have been any internet browser; in this case it was
Google Chrome, which is available for free use. On the browser, the data is presented that are within the Wi-
Fi network and are updated in real time. The Figure 11 shows Chrome with data presented from the meter.
Figure 11. Google Chrome with data presentation from the meter
The operating system on which the server of application is carried out is Linux version of the Unix 7
32bit. The programming environment in which the application is written for meter reading in Java is the
Eclipse Neon for Linux. Figure 12 shows the programming environment of Eclipse Neon for application
development in Java.
Figure 12. Eclipse Neon for development of JAVA application
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The server of application reads the IP address with all values that are presented on it and stores them
in a * .txt file, that is later available for further data processing. Data from the IP address is read at time
intervals of 200ms. The readings are far less common due to consumption of time required for calculating a
signal from the sensor in RMS values that are transmitted to the IP address with the refresh time of 1s. Data
transfer to a Wi-Fi bus bar takes about 1s. The speed processor used to run application has a delay of a few
milliseconds. When all calculation is done, it yields a delay not less than 2 seconds. Usually, the delay may
be from 2.5s to 20s. Figure 13 shows the server of applications in the execution and .txt file in which data is
stored.
Figure 13. Left - server of applications when reading the ID address of the meter. Right - *.txt file with data
stored from the application
The flow of data through the architecture of AMR system with belonging formats is presented on
Figure 14.
Figure 14. The flow of data through the architecture of AMR system
Extending the AMR system is done by attaching another set of measuring equipment with Arduino
board to the ZYXEL router network cable. This involves one more IP address, which is again available for
viewing in real time and recording with the application server.
4. TESTING AND RESULTS
Testing requires that each sensor is calibrated prior to data collection. Calibration is done every time
loop for reading the signal from the sensor is started. The Arduino processor on which the program of smart
meter runs does the job. For testing the system, a heater of 300 W was taken with two switches that can be
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independently switched on and off. For comparison, the timer used in regular distribution for the accounting
measurement of electricity is set. The mentioned AMR system made of OSS and OSH is installed to measure
from the same current transformer as the conventional mentioned meter. The tools that are still used are
current clamp MEGGER DCM 300E for measuring current and MEGGER AVO300 for measuring voltage, a
laptop for observing the measured values with a conventional meter. Figure 15 shows the entire practical and
improvised "laboratory" in which the accuracy of the meter is measured.
Figure 15. Set-up practical laboratory for measuring the accuracy of AMR system
Testing is done with the fan switched on the heater without two switches turned on, and then current
and voltage with DCM 300E and AVO300 are measured and compared with the values indicated on the
meter. After that, one switch is turned on and the same is done. Then, the process is carried out with both
switches turned on. The measurement results are shown in Table 1. They show that from the tool the
conventional meter accurately measures the voltage and current. Therefore, in the further analysis, the
comparison between conventional AMR systems and OSS & OSH AMR system was made
Table 1. Results of measurement values U and I
Methods
Devices
fan ON
switch1 OFF
switch 2 OFF
Devices
fan ON
switch1 OFF
switch 2 OFF
Devices
fan ON,
switch1 ON,
switch 2 ON
AMR
OSS&OSH
U =233 V
I1= 1,17 A
U =228 V
I1= 6,40 A
U = 223 V
I1=10,27 A
AMR
Conventional
U =229,4 V
I1= 1,06 A
U =225 V,
I1= 6,48 A
U = 224 V,
I1=10,60 A
Test of measuring energy consumption in a time of 60 minutes is made with both switches turned on
and the fan on the heater. Both meters measured continuously and their results are recorded on computers on
which the application is started. From conventional meter, the data is simply read each 15 minutes and
recorded within the system for remote readings, while the designed AMR system documented data several
times per minute and kept data in the * .txt file from which the consumption of energy is calculated after 60
minutes. The first 3 minutes is presented in Table 2, while the total energy consumption is displayed at the
end of the table.
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Table 3. Sample of 3 minutes and sum of energy consumption for 60 minutes
5. CONCLUSION
This paper proved that it is possible to assemble AMR system with smart meter, taking into account
the standards that are expected of such a system. The price of such system is with all components in a
number of ways below the economic cost of registered branded systems that are available in the market. As
can be seen from the results of testing OSS & OSH, AMR system is by the characteristics under modern
AMR systems. Due to its capabilities, the designed system has almost the same performances as modern
systems. With a small database obtained (in this case * .txt files), it is possible to present and process data in
any way that the user desires. This work has practically proved that the smart meters that can fit within the
AMR system, are possible with the available material that can be cheaply purchased through the online store.
The next step is to add additional sensors within the AMR system (heat, humidity, lighting, etc.), improving
sampling measured values, expansion of data packages, which are placed in the server, improving the user
interface (GUI) of application server, extending the capabilities of the database. From the current point, the
user only determines the limit because the options are vast.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to thank the Faculty of Electrical Engineering Computing and Information
Technology, Osijek, for financial support to the authors in the PhD project program.
REFERENCES
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[3] N. Wu, et al., “Design of the Remote Wireless Meter Reading System Based on GPRS,” TELKOMNIKA, vol/issue:
11(11), pp. 6358~6366, 2013.
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[5] M. I. Afridi, et al., “GSM Based Smart Distribution System,” International Journal of Electrical and Computer
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[6] H. Shahinzadeh and A. H. Khosroshahi, “Implementation of Smart Metering Systems: Challenges and Solutions,”
TELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol/issue: 12(7), pp. 5104-5109, 2014.
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Time Voltage (V)
Cuurents (A)
Phase L1 Phase L2 Phase3L3
2016/12/26 18:00:10 225 10.10 0.00 0.05
2016/12/26 18:00:19 224 10.09 0.04 0.09
2016/12/26 18:00:32 222 10.18 0.04 0.06
2016/12/26 18:00:40. 224 10.15 0.03 0.03
2016/12/26 18:00:48. 223 10.14 0.02 0.27
2016/12/26 18:00:58 224 10.09 0.00 0.07
2016/12/26 18:01:07 222 10.17 0.03 0.14
2016/12/26 18:01:13 224 10.11 0.03 0.29
2016/12/26 18:01:25 223 10.16 0.15 0.30
2016/12/26 18:01:33 224 10.16 0.03 0.22
2016/12/26 18:01:43 224 10.13 0.17 0.17
2016/12/26 18:01:55 223 10.18 0.02 0.20
2016/12/26 18:02:07 223 10.09 0.26 0.42
2016/12/26 18:02:15 224 10.17 0.09 0.41
2016/12/26 18:02:24 223 10.05 0.08 0.42
2016/12/26 18:02:37 223 10.12 0.02 0.19
2016/12/26 18:02:53 224 10.21 0.02 0.12
2016/12/26 18:03:10 224 10.16 0.08 0.25
……………………. AMR OSS&OSH 2,25 kWh Error
Sum of energy on 60 min AMR Conventional 2,37 kWh 5,33%
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[9] H. S. Huang, et al., “Research on the Wi-Fi Protocol Intelligent Automatic Meter Reading System,” Advanced
Materials Research, vol. 591-593, pp. 1523-1526, 2012.
[10] L. Q. Xi and L. Gang, “Design of remote automatic meter reading system based on ZigBee and GPRS,”
Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Computer Science and Computational Technology (ISCSCT
’10), 2010.
BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Dragan Mlakić, MSc, (IEEE M`2015) was born in Travnik on June 15, 1981. He obtained his BSc
degree (2007) and MSc degree (2013), in electrical engineering at Faculty of Electrical
Engineering, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Hercegovina. Presently he works as Engineer in
Electric power company HZ-HB Inc. Mostar, Novi Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina and as
Assistant Professor at the Software Engineering Department at Faculty of Information
Technology, University Vitez, Bosnia and Herzegovina. His main interests are artificial
intelligence, expert systems, renewable energy sources, energy quality, energy losses, system
modeling, smart grid.
Srete Nikolovski, PhD.El.Eng. (IEEE M’1995, SM’2005) was born in Belgrade on October 1,
1954. He obtained his BSc degree (1978) and MSc degree (1989), in electrical engineering at the
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade and his PhD degree from the Faculty of
Electrical and Computing Engineering, University of Zagreb, Croatia in 1993. Currently he is a
Full Professor at Power Engineering Department at Faculty of Electrical Engineering, J.J.
Strossmayer University in Osijek, Croatia. His main interests are power system protection, power
system modeling, simulation and reliability. He has published 180 technical papers in journals and
international conferences. He is a Senior Member of IEEE Reliability Society, PES Society and
the member of Croatian National Committee of CIGRE.
Emir Alibašić, Dipl.ing. electrical engineer, was born in Tuzla on March 12, 1982. He obtained
his BCs degree (2007) in Tuzla in field of Electrical engineering at the Faculty of Electrical
Engineering, University of Tuzla. Currently he is a PhD student at Faculty of Electrical
Engineering, J.J. Strossmayer, University of Osijek, Croatia. His main interests are power
transmission lines and optimization of electrical energy transmission. He was employed at
UMEL-DALEKOVODMONTAZA Tuzla on the position of design and conduct of business in
the electricity objects up to 400 kV and owner INFORM Agency for the development of software
applications. Currently he works as ITC manager in Tuzla county.