This document provides information on the design and analysis of a multi-story residential building project. It includes sections on the objectives, loads, materials, and software used. The building has a reinforced concrete frame structure with brick walls. Floor plans and structural details are presented. Analysis is conducted using STAAD.Pro software, including load combinations, design moments, and reinforcement details. Wind and seismic load calculations are also summarized.
1) MBF Tower, Penang Malaysia - The MBF Tower is located in Penang, Malaysia. The year of completion of this project was 1994. MBF Tower is designed by TR Hamzah and Yeang Architects, it is a 31-storey building. Till six stories building is occupied with conditioned office space and rest are naturally ventilated residential flats. Total height of the building is 111.1 meters. The climate of the Penang Malaysia Is tropical warm and humid. The total area of the site is 7482.39 Sq.mt.
2) Moulmein Rise, Singapore - It is located in Novena, Singapore. The year of completion of this project was 2003.
This is designed by WOHA Architects, it is a 28-storey fully residential building. The building contains 48 typical apartments and 2 penthouse apartments. The ground floor contains a 50-metre lap-swimming pool cascading over three levels, a tropical garden, a small gym and an underground car parking area for 52 cars. The climate of the Penang Malaysia Is tropical warm and humid. The total area of the site is 2340 sq. m and ground floor area is 230 sq. m . Total combined Floor area is 6491 sq. m .
Case Study on
. Vinayak Colony
. Mero City Apartments
. Aranya Housing
. Unite De Habitation
For Housing/Apartment Study for Design Studio ,B. Architecture Pulchowk Campus, Nepal
1) MBF Tower, Penang Malaysia - The MBF Tower is located in Penang, Malaysia. The year of completion of this project was 1994. MBF Tower is designed by TR Hamzah and Yeang Architects, it is a 31-storey building. Till six stories building is occupied with conditioned office space and rest are naturally ventilated residential flats. Total height of the building is 111.1 meters. The climate of the Penang Malaysia Is tropical warm and humid. The total area of the site is 7482.39 Sq.mt.
2) Moulmein Rise, Singapore - It is located in Novena, Singapore. The year of completion of this project was 2003.
This is designed by WOHA Architects, it is a 28-storey fully residential building. The building contains 48 typical apartments and 2 penthouse apartments. The ground floor contains a 50-metre lap-swimming pool cascading over three levels, a tropical garden, a small gym and an underground car parking area for 52 cars. The climate of the Penang Malaysia Is tropical warm and humid. The total area of the site is 2340 sq. m and ground floor area is 230 sq. m . Total combined Floor area is 6491 sq. m .
Case Study on
. Vinayak Colony
. Mero City Apartments
. Aranya Housing
. Unite De Habitation
For Housing/Apartment Study for Design Studio ,B. Architecture Pulchowk Campus, Nepal
Double skin façades. Almost a self-explanatory name for façade systems consisting of two layers, usually glass, wherein air flows through the intermediate cavity. This space (which can vary from 20 cm to a few meters) acts as insulation against extreme temperatures, winds, and sound, improving the building's thermal efficiency for both high and low temperatures.
Credit :
Danish Pathan
Imran Inamdar
Qais Patel
Simran Patel
Tehlil Tamboli
Afshan Saudagar
Ubed Ali Sayyed
Omkar Salkar
Taher Ajmerwala
Danish Sheikh
Intelligent building is one that uses technology to enable efficient and economical use of resources, while creating a safe and comfortable environment for occupants.
Envelops: It is the physical separator between the conditioned and unconditioned environment of a building including the resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise transfer. The building envelope a usually consists of its roof, subfloor, exterior doors, windows and exterior walls
Credits :
Alafiya Talib
Pankaj Nandargikar
Avita Noronha
Lulua Nazir
Rukaiya Shaikh
Tarabkhanam Shaikh
Karan Anthony
Fahad Shaikh
GROUP HOUSING : A DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE ACCOMODATES THE GROUP RATHER THAN THE UNIT AND ITS THEREFORE PUBLIC AS WELL AS PRIVATE. IT IS FIMILIAR THROUGH THE WIDWSPREAD DEVELOPMENT OF MASS HOUSING IN THE WORLD IN WHICH INDIVIDUALS OR FAMILIES FIND LIVING SPACE EITHER IN M ULTIPLE DWELLINGS OR SINGLE LINITS PRODUCED IN QUALITY . GROUP HOUSING IS PRODUSED BY MANY KINDS OF CULTURES BY COMMUNAL STATES TO EQALIZE LIVING STANDDARDS BY TYRANTS TO ASSURE A DOCILE LABOUR FORCE, AND BY FEDUAL OR CASTE SYSTEM TO BRINGS TOGETHER MEMBERS OF A CLASS.
2. CLUSTER HOUSING
A SUBDIVISION TECHNIQUES WHERE KNOWN
AS ZERO –LOT –LINE HOUSING OR HIGH DENSITY
HOUSING DWELLING ARE GROUPED TOGHTHER
WITH COMMON AREA LEFT FOR RECREATION .
RAW HOUSING
ONE OF A SERIES OF HOUSES , OFTEN AS SIMILAR
OR IDENTICAL DESIGN, SITUATED SIDE BY SIDE
AND JOINED COMMON WALLS
3. PRADHAN MANTRI AWAS YOJANA
2 MILLION NON-SLUM URBAN POOR HOUSEHOLD
ARE PROPOSED TO BE COVERDED UNDER THE MISSION.
RAJIV AWAS YOJANA
IT UNCOURAGE “SLUM FREE INDIA” IN CITIES
IN WHICH EVERY CITIZEN HAS ACEES TO BASIC AMENITIES.
PRADHAN MANTRI GRAMIN AWAS YOZANA
PROVIDING FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO RURAL
POOR FOR CONSTRUCTING THEIR HOUSES THEMSELVES.
HOUSING FOR ALL BY 2022
MISSSION APPROVED A SUBSTANCIAL INCREAS IN INTEREST
RELIFE ON LOAN FOR THE URBAN POOR
TO PROMOTE AFFORDEBLE HOMES.
INTEREST SUBSIDY SCHEMES FOR HOUSING URBAN
THE SCHEMES ENVISAGES THE PROVISION OF
INTEREST TO EWS AND LIG SEGMENTS TO
ENABLES THEM TO BUY OR CONSTRUCT HOUSES.
4.Lower Income Group
Economic Weaker Section (EWS) means households with monthly household income upto Rs. 5000/- per month or as revised by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, Government of India from time to time. Lower Income Group (LIG) means households with monthly household income between Rs. 5001/- to Rs.
5.Development of Group Housing will be under provision
of master plan, Enclave development plan and layout plan.
Minimum area of plot will be 2000sq.m
Land proposed for group housing will be located at 12m
wide exiting road, But the distance of the plot from 18m
(or above) wide road will not be more than 100m.
Slilt floor will be permitted for the purpose of parking in
group housing buildings, height of which of which be
2.1m up to the beam.
if slilt floor is used for purpose other than parking then
it will be counted in F.A.R.
Park and open area will be provided at the rate of
1.0sq.m. per person or 15% of the whole area,
whichever is more, in the plot of area 3000sq.m (or above).
a space frame or space structure is a rigid, lightweight, truss-like structure constructed from interlocking struts in a geometric pattern. Space frames can be used to span large areas with few interior support
Case Studies that related to Solar Oriented Design Principles, environmental responsive, in tropical climate. It was done as a group assignment, thus credits go to my group members as well.
Double skin façades. Almost a self-explanatory name for façade systems consisting of two layers, usually glass, wherein air flows through the intermediate cavity. This space (which can vary from 20 cm to a few meters) acts as insulation against extreme temperatures, winds, and sound, improving the building's thermal efficiency for both high and low temperatures.
Credit :
Danish Pathan
Imran Inamdar
Qais Patel
Simran Patel
Tehlil Tamboli
Afshan Saudagar
Ubed Ali Sayyed
Omkar Salkar
Taher Ajmerwala
Danish Sheikh
Intelligent building is one that uses technology to enable efficient and economical use of resources, while creating a safe and comfortable environment for occupants.
Envelops: It is the physical separator between the conditioned and unconditioned environment of a building including the resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise transfer. The building envelope a usually consists of its roof, subfloor, exterior doors, windows and exterior walls
Credits :
Alafiya Talib
Pankaj Nandargikar
Avita Noronha
Lulua Nazir
Rukaiya Shaikh
Tarabkhanam Shaikh
Karan Anthony
Fahad Shaikh
GROUP HOUSING : A DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE ACCOMODATES THE GROUP RATHER THAN THE UNIT AND ITS THEREFORE PUBLIC AS WELL AS PRIVATE. IT IS FIMILIAR THROUGH THE WIDWSPREAD DEVELOPMENT OF MASS HOUSING IN THE WORLD IN WHICH INDIVIDUALS OR FAMILIES FIND LIVING SPACE EITHER IN M ULTIPLE DWELLINGS OR SINGLE LINITS PRODUCED IN QUALITY . GROUP HOUSING IS PRODUSED BY MANY KINDS OF CULTURES BY COMMUNAL STATES TO EQALIZE LIVING STANDDARDS BY TYRANTS TO ASSURE A DOCILE LABOUR FORCE, AND BY FEDUAL OR CASTE SYSTEM TO BRINGS TOGETHER MEMBERS OF A CLASS.
2. CLUSTER HOUSING
A SUBDIVISION TECHNIQUES WHERE KNOWN
AS ZERO –LOT –LINE HOUSING OR HIGH DENSITY
HOUSING DWELLING ARE GROUPED TOGHTHER
WITH COMMON AREA LEFT FOR RECREATION .
RAW HOUSING
ONE OF A SERIES OF HOUSES , OFTEN AS SIMILAR
OR IDENTICAL DESIGN, SITUATED SIDE BY SIDE
AND JOINED COMMON WALLS
3. PRADHAN MANTRI AWAS YOJANA
2 MILLION NON-SLUM URBAN POOR HOUSEHOLD
ARE PROPOSED TO BE COVERDED UNDER THE MISSION.
RAJIV AWAS YOJANA
IT UNCOURAGE “SLUM FREE INDIA” IN CITIES
IN WHICH EVERY CITIZEN HAS ACEES TO BASIC AMENITIES.
PRADHAN MANTRI GRAMIN AWAS YOZANA
PROVIDING FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO RURAL
POOR FOR CONSTRUCTING THEIR HOUSES THEMSELVES.
HOUSING FOR ALL BY 2022
MISSSION APPROVED A SUBSTANCIAL INCREAS IN INTEREST
RELIFE ON LOAN FOR THE URBAN POOR
TO PROMOTE AFFORDEBLE HOMES.
INTEREST SUBSIDY SCHEMES FOR HOUSING URBAN
THE SCHEMES ENVISAGES THE PROVISION OF
INTEREST TO EWS AND LIG SEGMENTS TO
ENABLES THEM TO BUY OR CONSTRUCT HOUSES.
4.Lower Income Group
Economic Weaker Section (EWS) means households with monthly household income upto Rs. 5000/- per month or as revised by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, Government of India from time to time. Lower Income Group (LIG) means households with monthly household income between Rs. 5001/- to Rs.
5.Development of Group Housing will be under provision
of master plan, Enclave development plan and layout plan.
Minimum area of plot will be 2000sq.m
Land proposed for group housing will be located at 12m
wide exiting road, But the distance of the plot from 18m
(or above) wide road will not be more than 100m.
Slilt floor will be permitted for the purpose of parking in
group housing buildings, height of which of which be
2.1m up to the beam.
if slilt floor is used for purpose other than parking then
it will be counted in F.A.R.
Park and open area will be provided at the rate of
1.0sq.m. per person or 15% of the whole area,
whichever is more, in the plot of area 3000sq.m (or above).
a space frame or space structure is a rigid, lightweight, truss-like structure constructed from interlocking struts in a geometric pattern. Space frames can be used to span large areas with few interior support
Case Studies that related to Solar Oriented Design Principles, environmental responsive, in tropical climate. It was done as a group assignment, thus credits go to my group members as well.
Analysis and Design of Residential building.pptxDP NITHIN
Complete introduction to the design and design concepts, design of structural
members like slabs, beams, columns, footing etc. along with their calculation and
Detailing through structural drawings.
Design of Various Types of Industrial Buildings and Their ComparisonIRJESJOURNAL
ABSTRACT :- In this paper Industrial Steel truss Building of 14m x 31.50m, 20m x 50m, 28m x 70m and bay spacing of 5.25m, 6.25m and 7m respectively having column height of 6m is compared with Pre-engineering Buildings of same dimension. Design is based on IS 800-2007 (LSM) Load considered in modeling are Dead load, Live Load, Wind load along with the combinations as specified in IS. Analysis results are observed for column base as hinge base. Results of Industrial steel truss buildings are compared with the same dimensions of Pre-Engineering Building
In the present era the technology in communications has developed to a very large extent. The communication industries have seen a tremendous increase in last few years which have resulted in installation of large number of towers to increase the coverage area and network consistency. In wireless communication network these towers play a significant role hence failure of such structure in a disaster is a major concern. Therefore utmost importance should be given in considering all possible extreme conditions for designing these towers. In most of the studies, the researches have considered the effect of wind only on the four legged self-supporting towers. In this dissertation, a four legged lattice tower is analyzed and designed along with foundation details.
Connect Conference 2022: Passive House - Economic and Environmental Solution...TE Studio
Passive House: The Economic and Environmental Solution for Sustainable Real Estate. Lecture by Tim Eian of TE Studio Passive House Design in November 2022 in Minneapolis.
- The Built Environment
- Let's imagine the perfect building
- The Passive House standard
- Why Passive House targets
- Clean Energy Plans?!
- How does Passive House compare and fit in?
- The business case for Passive House real estate
- Tools to quantify the value of Passive House
- What can I do?
- Resources
Transforming Brand Perception and Boosting Profitabilityaaryangarg12
In today's digital era, the dynamics of brand perception, consumer behavior, and profitability have been profoundly reshaped by the synergy of branding, social media, and website design. This research paper investigates the transformative power of these elements in influencing how individuals perceive brands and products and how this transformation can be harnessed to drive sales and profitability for businesses.
Through an exploration of brand psychology and consumer behavior, this study sheds light on the intricate ways in which effective branding strategies, strategic social media engagement, and user-centric website design contribute to altering consumers' perceptions. We delve into the principles that underlie successful brand transformations, examining how visual identity, messaging, and storytelling can captivate and resonate with target audiences.
Methodologically, this research employs a comprehensive approach, combining qualitative and quantitative analyses. Real-world case studies illustrate the impact of branding, social media campaigns, and website redesigns on consumer perception, sales figures, and profitability. We assess the various metrics, including brand awareness, customer engagement, conversion rates, and revenue growth, to measure the effectiveness of these strategies.
The results underscore the pivotal role of cohesive branding, social media influence, and website usability in shaping positive brand perceptions, influencing consumer decisions, and ultimately bolstering sales and profitability. This paper provides actionable insights and strategic recommendations for businesses seeking to leverage branding, social media, and website design as potent tools to enhance their market position and financial success.
White wonder, Work developed by Eva TschoppMansi Shah
White Wonder by Eva Tschopp
A tale about our culture around the use of fertilizers and pesticides visiting small farms around Ahmedabad in Matar and Shilaj.
3. INTRODUCTION3
Our project is based on the design and analysis of the multi-storied
buildings
Analysis is done through using the STAAD-PRO
Notation adopted through out the project is same as in IS:456-2000
4. CODES4
►IS-456:2000 :DESIGN CODE FOR RCC STRUCTURES
►IS-875(PART 1) :CODE FOR DEAD LOADS
►IS-875(PART 2) :CODE FOR IMPOSED LOADS
►IS-875(PART 3) :CODE FOR WIND LOADS
►IS-1893-2002: CRITERIA FOR EARTHQUAKE
RESISTANT DESIGN OF STRUCTURES
6. OBJECTIVES
Carrying out a complete analysis and design of the main
structural elements of a multi-storey building including slabs,
columns, shear walls and foundations.
To learn the concept of lateral and vertical loading on the
building.
Getting familiar with structural softwares ( AutoCAD,
STAAD.Pro).
Getting real life experience with engineering practices
Structural detailing of elements and the system.
6
16. IMPOSED LOADS16
Imposed loads also known live loads
Loads over the floor i.e. Load of persons it is
calculated as 1 KN/m2
This load is applied over the length of structure
17. WIND LOADS17
Wind is air in motion
Wind loads are calculated according to IS:875(part 3)
Intensity of wind and exposure are applied in the direction
as required
18. LOAD COMBINATIONS18
The structures should be analysed for combination of loads as in practice
we have numbers of loads in various directions act
Some of the combinations to be checked are
1.5(DL+LL)
1.5(DL+WL)
1.5(DL+LL+WL)
19. OBJECTIVES OF STRUCTURAL DESIGN
19
Structure designed should satisfy the criterion of ultimate
strength.
Structures should satisfy the serviceability.
It should satisfy the stability against overturning, sliding, and
buckling.
20. MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE DESIGN20
Foundation design
Column design
Beam design
Slab design
21. DESIGN PRINCIPLE, ASSUMPTION AND NOTATION
ASSUMED
21
The notation adopted through out the work is same as in IS 456-2000
Using partial safety factors for loads in accordance with clause 36.4 of IS 456-
2000
Partial safety factor for material in accordance with clause 36.4.2 IS456-2000 is
taken as 1.5 for concrete and 1.15 for steel
(D.L+L.L) 1.5
(D.L +L.L+W.L) 1.2
22. DENSITY OF MATERIALS USED22
MATERIAL Density
1.Plain concrete 24.0 kn /m3
2.Reinforced 25.0 k /m3
3.Flooring material(c.m) 20.0kn/m3
4.Brick masonry 19.0kn/m3
LIVE LOADS: In accordance with IS 875
1.Live load on slab =3.0kn/m3
2.Live load on passage =3.0kn/m3
3.Live load on stair =3.0kn/m3
23. ANALYSIS
23
Analysis is done using STAD PRO developed by BENTLEY
Once the loads and load combinations are assigned to the structures,
analysis is to be done
Analysis is done for RCC structure
33. PRELIMINARY SIZE DESIGN33
Choosing L/10= d
In longitudinal direction= 3900/10= 390mm= d1
D1= 420mm= 0.42m
In transverse direction= 4100/10= 410mm= d2
D2= 440mm= 0.44m
Let us take a width of 300mm= 0.30m
Member Cross Section c/c
B1,B4,B5,B8,B9,B12,B13,B16,B17,B20,B21,B24,B25,B28,B29,B32 300 x 440 4.1
B33,B34,B35,B36,B37,B63,B64,B65,B66,B67 300 x 420 3.9
B43,B44,B45,B46,B47,B48,B49,B50,B51,B52,B53,B54,B55,B56,B57 300 x 420 3.6
B38,B39,B40,B41,B42, B58,B59,B60,B61,B62 300 x 420 2.9
B2,B3,B6,B7,B10,B11,B14,B15,B18,B19,B22,B23,B26,B27,B30,B31 300 x 440 2.0
35. DESIGN OF STAIR35
Height of each flight = 1.5m
Rise = 150mm
Tread = 250mm
Thickness of waist slab = 200mm
Provided 12mmø bars at a clear cover of 15mm.
Provided 8 mm ø bars @ 160mm c/c
UP
36. WIND LOAD ANALYSIS36
• Design wind speed (Vz)= k1k2k3Vb
Vb= 50 m/s
k1= probability factor (risk coefficient) = 1(Table-1, IS: 875(Part 3)- 1987)
k2= terrain, height, and structure size factor. Our building is in terrain category -2 &
class A(Table-2, IS: 875(Part 3)- 1987)
k3= topography factor= 1(IS: 875(Part 3)- 1987)
Therefore design wind speed= Vz = 50 × 1×k2 × 1
• F= Cf×Ae× pz
F= the force acting in a direction
Cf= Force coefficient for the building.
Ae= effective frontal area.
pz= the total wind load on that particular building or structure
38. FORCE CALCULATION
38
Floor Along short direction
Total Force = 1.19Aepz(kN)
Along long direction
Total Force = 1.05Aepz(kN)
At roof level 1.19x(1+3/2)x24.4x1.685= 122.31 1.05x(1+3/2)x12.2x1.685=53.96
4th 1.19x(2x3/2)x24.4x1.653= 143.99 1.05x(2x3/2)x12.2x1.653= 63.52
3rd 1.19x(2x3/2)x24.4x1.560= 133.66 1.05x(2x3/2)x12.2x1.560= 59.95
2nd 1.19x(2x3/2)x24.4x1.5= 130.662 1.05x(2x3/2)x12.2x1.5= 57.64
1st 1.19x(2x3/2)x24.4x1.5= 130.662 1.05x(2x3/2)x12.2x1.5= 57.64
Ground 1.19x(2x3/2)x24.4x1.5= 130.662 1.05x(2x3/2)x12.2x1.5= 57.64
39. CALCULATION OF WIND FORCE AT PER FRAME
IN SHORT & LONG DIRECTION
39
Floor pz(kN/m2)
Along short direction Along long direction
Total Force =
1.19Aepz(kN)
Force per
frame(kN)
Total Force =
1.05Aepz(kN)
Force per
frame(kN)
5th 1.685 122.31 15.29 53.96 10.79
4th 1.653 143.99 18.00 63.52 12.70
3rd 1.560 133.66 16.71 59.95 11.99
2nd 1.500 130.662 16.33 57.64 11.53
1st 1.500 130.662 16.33 57.64 11.53
Ground 1.500 130.662 16.33 57.64 11.53
40. SEISMIC LOAD ANALYSIS
40
• Design seismic load has been calculated by seismic coefficient method
• Total load on roof = 3107.96 kN
• Total loading per floor = 4791.32 kN
• For seismic zone3, the zone factor is 0.16(Table-2, IS: 1893). Being a residential building,
the importance factor is 1(Table 5, IS: 1893-1984)
• The building has a special moment resisting frame and hence R=5.
• Total seismic weight of the structure = 3107.96 + (4791.32×5) = 27064.56 kN
• Design seismic base shear = Vb = 1082.58 kN
42. CALCULATION OF LATERAL FORCE PER FRAME IN
SHORT & LONG DIRECTION
42
Floor
Along short direction Along long direction
Total force(kN)
Force per
frame(kN)
Total force(kN) Force per frame(kN)
Roof 218.13 27.27 218.13 43.63
5th 280.23 35.03 280.23 56.05
4th 224.18 28.02 224.18 44.84
3rd 168.14 21.02 168.14 33.63
2nd 112.09 14.01 112.09 22.42
1st 56.05 7.01 56.05 11.21
43. DESIGN OF FOUNDATION43
Isolated square foundation would be provided to columns situated along the perimeter
Ultimate load coming on the column = Pu = 1022.91 kN
Approximate weight of the footing @10% of the column load = w’ =102.291 kN
Total load = 1125.201 kN
Safe bearing capacity of soil = 280 kN/m2
Area of the foundation =
1125.20
280
= 4 m2
Side of the footing = 4 = 2 m
Provide a square footing of size 2m×2m.
Net upward pressure intensity =
1125.201×1000
2×2
= 281300.25N/m2
44. 44 Depth from B.M consideration:
Critical section for bending moment is shown in the figure.
Projection beyond critical section =
2000−300
2
= 850 mm
Maximum B.M = M = p0B/8 ×(L-a)2 = 281300.25×2×0.85×0.425 =
203239.4306 Nm
Factored moment = Mu = 1.5×203239.4306 = 304859.1459 Nm
Equating Mu,lim to Mu
0.138fck300d2 = 304859.1459
d = 542.72 mm
Providing 12mmø bars @ a clear cover of 60mm.
Effective cover to upper layer of bars = 60+12+6 = 78mm
Overall depth required = 542.72+78 = 620.72mm
The overall depth may be increased by 30% to limit the shear stresses.
Overall depth = 1.3×643.46 = 806.94mm= 810mm
45. 45
Depth from punching shear consideration:
Punching load = column load – reaction on the column area = 1022910 -(281300.25×0.352) = 988450.7194 N
Factored punching load = 1.5×988450.7194 = 1482676.079 N
Design punching shear stress for M25 concrete= 2.1 N/mm2
Equating punching shear resistance to factored punching load,
4×350×D×2.1 = 1482676.079
D= 504.91 mm
Hence let us provide an overall depth of 840mm as determined earlier.
Actual effective depth = d= 840-78 = 762mm.
Mu/bd2 =
304859.1459×1000
350×762×762
= 1.5
% of steel required, pt = 50[
1− 1−
4.6×1.5
25
415
25
] = 0.45%
Ast = (0.45/100)×350×762 = 1200.15mm2
Provide 12-12mmø (1357.168mm2)
Provide also 12-12mmø in the other principle direction also.
46. 46 The critical section for two-way shear is taken at the periphery surrounding the column at a distance of half the
effective depth from the face of the column.
Overall depth of the footing at a distance (762/2) = 381mm from the column face.
=840 -
(840−400)×381
1022.91
= 676.11mm
Effective depth at this section = d’= 676.11-78 = 598.11mm
Critical parameter = b’ = 4(350+762) = 4448 mm
Shear force at this section = V = 281300.25(22 – .352) = 1090741.719 N
Factored shear = Vu = 1.5 × 1090741.719 = 1636112.58 N
Nominal shear stress = Tv =
1636112.58
4448×598.11
= 0.61 N/mm2
ßc =
𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
= 1
Ks = 0.5+ ßc = 1.5
Permissible design shear strength Tc = Ks × .25 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 1.875 N/mm2
Therefore Ʈv < Ʈc
Check for two-way shear
48. CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE48
Using staad.pro software, the design consideration has been taken as
per codes.
We have only done the design & analysis part of the buildings using
staad.pro & AutoCAD softwares, further we want to design the
building components manually in the future and want to make a
detailed estimation. We would like to compare the design using
software & manually.
49. REFERENCES49
Structural analysis by S.RAMAMRUTHAM
IS456-2000 CODE used
SP16 CODE used
AUTO CAD & STAAD PRO packages
Design of RCC structures by B.C PUNMIA
IS875, IS 1893-2002
Various websites