This paper proposes a linear generator, which can convert any mechanical energy wave or other vibration to electric energy. A mover of the proposed linear generator, which includes permanent magnets, is linearly driven through a stator, by wave energy. Nd Fe B magnets in the mover are placed so that the same magnetic poles face each other, in order to make the large change in magnetic flux in the coils of the stator. Therefore, the magnetic flux is extended through the case and reduces cancellation of the flux in the coils of the stator. In this paper permanent magnet linear generator is proposed and analyzed by means of numeric field computations and FEMM Software. It was designed for wave power energy systems to be placed in the coasts. Aung Myo Naing ""Design and Simulation of Permanent Magnet Linear Generator for Wave Energy Power Plant"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25108.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/25108/design-and-simulation-of-permanent-magnet-linear-generator-for-wave-energy-power-plant/aung-myo-naing
our project is to automate the gear transmission in a gearfeatured bike to ease the driving and also to maintain the efficiency of the bike. Thismechanism is used in auto-clutch featured bike to smoothen the gear meshing and can beimplemented in clutch featured bike. The aim is to develop of automatic transmission systemwhich shifts the gears with respect to the speed of the wheel. Simplifying the transmissionand improving the fuel economy are the major objectives of our project.This technology isimplemented in an auto-clutch featured bike which shifts the gears to eliminate the humaninterference and results in easy driving
I have been working independently in manufacturing electric vehicles from quite a time, the market is still evolving in India for electric vehicles with an aim to reach a mark of around 90% electric vehicles running on road in proportion to total vehicles. A lot of advancements have been made regarding the same and i have compiled some of my observations in this presentation. Hope you like it and do discuss what you feel about the new evolving market in India.
our project is to automate the gear transmission in a gearfeatured bike to ease the driving and also to maintain the efficiency of the bike. Thismechanism is used in auto-clutch featured bike to smoothen the gear meshing and can beimplemented in clutch featured bike. The aim is to develop of automatic transmission systemwhich shifts the gears with respect to the speed of the wheel. Simplifying the transmissionand improving the fuel economy are the major objectives of our project.This technology isimplemented in an auto-clutch featured bike which shifts the gears to eliminate the humaninterference and results in easy driving
I have been working independently in manufacturing electric vehicles from quite a time, the market is still evolving in India for electric vehicles with an aim to reach a mark of around 90% electric vehicles running on road in proportion to total vehicles. A lot of advancements have been made regarding the same and i have compiled some of my observations in this presentation. Hope you like it and do discuss what you feel about the new evolving market in India.
A Design Of Omni-Directional Mobile Robot Based On Mecanum WheelsIJRESJOURNAL
ABSTRACT:As one of the important branch of mobile robotics, wheel mobile robot has long been paid atten tion to by the research people at home and abroad for its high load ability, positioning accuracy, high efficiency, simple control, etc. Mobile robot has close relation to many technologies suc-h as control theory, computer tech nology, sensor technology, etc. Therefore, research on the mobile robot has important significance
Hybrid Electric Scooter Assembling Business. Electric Vehicles (EVs) Industry. Business Opportunities in Electric Two-Wheelers Manufacturing Industry
Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) combine the benefits of gasoline engines and electric motors and can be configured to meet different objectives such as improved fuel economy, increased power, or additional auxiliary power for electronic devices and power tools. This type of vehicle is considered to have better performance and fuel economy compared to a conventional one.
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https://goo.gl/u53y6c
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Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
#Hybrid_Electric_Scooter_Assembling, #Hybrid_Electric_Scooter, #Electric_Scooter_Project_Report_Pdf, #Hybrid_Two_Wheeler_PPT, #Hybrid_Electric_Vehicle_(HEV), Two Wheeler Hybrid Vehicle, Hybrid & Electric Scooter, Hybrid Vehicle (Scooter), Electric Scooter Assembly, Electric Scooters in India, #Production_of_Hybrid_Scooter, #How_to_Start_an_Electric_Scooter_Business_in_India? Starting an Electric Scooter Industry, Electric Scooter in India, Electric Scooter Body Manufacture in India, #Production_of_Electric_Vehicles_(Evs), How to Make an Electric Scooter, Starting an Electric Scooter Business, Electric Scooters Industry, Project Report on Hybrid Electric Scooter Assembling Industry, Detailed Project Report on Hybrid Electric Scooter Assembling, #Project_Report_on_Hybrid_Electric_Scooter_Assembling, Pre-Investment Feasibility Study on Hybrid Electric Scooter Assembling, Techno-Economic feasibility study on Hybrid Electric Scooter Assembling, Feasibility report on Hybrid Electric Scooter Assembling, Free Project Profile on Hybrid Electric Scooter Assembling, Project profile on Hybrid Electric Scooter Assembling, Download free project profile on Hybrid Electric Scooter Assembling, Electric Two Wheelers Business Opportunity in India, Electric Scooter Business, Electric Vehicle Industry in India, Hybrid & Electric Vehicle Manufacturing Industry, Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles, Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Electric Vehicles, #Hybrid_Electric_Vehicles_Production, Electric Vehicles (E-Vehicles) Business Opportunity
Presentation on fabrication of a stair climbing vehicleShimanto Mohammad
Stair climbing robotic vehicles can be very efficient tools to speed up search and rescue operations. They should be quick and agile and, at the same time, be able to deal with rough terrain and even to climb stairs. This paper presents the implementation of a stair-climbing vehicle having a robotic arm fabricated not only for the rescue operations but also for any types of industrial application. When an object is taken in front of it, then it grips the object as well as can measure the weight of the objects and sort them according to the weight.
A go-kart, also written as go-cart (often referred to as simply a kart), is a type of open-wheel car. Go-karts come in all shapes and forms, from motorless models to high-powered racing machines. Some, such as Superkarts, are able to beat racing cars or motorcycles on long circuits.
Design and Simulation of a Fractal Micro-TransformerIJERA Editor
Due to advancement in smart technologies, the issues like renewable energy integrations into the existing power
systems, reduced weight and size of power equipments is required. In this regard, this work is focused on the
study and design of fractal type micro-transformer for day-to-day applications. An air core transformer is
designed using finite element modeling. The obtained results showed far better implementation parameters in
comparison to the macro transformers.
A Design Of Omni-Directional Mobile Robot Based On Mecanum WheelsIJRESJOURNAL
ABSTRACT:As one of the important branch of mobile robotics, wheel mobile robot has long been paid atten tion to by the research people at home and abroad for its high load ability, positioning accuracy, high efficiency, simple control, etc. Mobile robot has close relation to many technologies suc-h as control theory, computer tech nology, sensor technology, etc. Therefore, research on the mobile robot has important significance
Hybrid Electric Scooter Assembling Business. Electric Vehicles (EVs) Industry. Business Opportunities in Electric Two-Wheelers Manufacturing Industry
Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) combine the benefits of gasoline engines and electric motors and can be configured to meet different objectives such as improved fuel economy, increased power, or additional auxiliary power for electronic devices and power tools. This type of vehicle is considered to have better performance and fuel economy compared to a conventional one.
See more
https://goo.gl/pNQAtp
https://goo.gl/u53y6c
https://goo.gl/WXPGmL
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
#Hybrid_Electric_Scooter_Assembling, #Hybrid_Electric_Scooter, #Electric_Scooter_Project_Report_Pdf, #Hybrid_Two_Wheeler_PPT, #Hybrid_Electric_Vehicle_(HEV), Two Wheeler Hybrid Vehicle, Hybrid & Electric Scooter, Hybrid Vehicle (Scooter), Electric Scooter Assembly, Electric Scooters in India, #Production_of_Hybrid_Scooter, #How_to_Start_an_Electric_Scooter_Business_in_India? Starting an Electric Scooter Industry, Electric Scooter in India, Electric Scooter Body Manufacture in India, #Production_of_Electric_Vehicles_(Evs), How to Make an Electric Scooter, Starting an Electric Scooter Business, Electric Scooters Industry, Project Report on Hybrid Electric Scooter Assembling Industry, Detailed Project Report on Hybrid Electric Scooter Assembling, #Project_Report_on_Hybrid_Electric_Scooter_Assembling, Pre-Investment Feasibility Study on Hybrid Electric Scooter Assembling, Techno-Economic feasibility study on Hybrid Electric Scooter Assembling, Feasibility report on Hybrid Electric Scooter Assembling, Free Project Profile on Hybrid Electric Scooter Assembling, Project profile on Hybrid Electric Scooter Assembling, Download free project profile on Hybrid Electric Scooter Assembling, Electric Two Wheelers Business Opportunity in India, Electric Scooter Business, Electric Vehicle Industry in India, Hybrid & Electric Vehicle Manufacturing Industry, Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles, Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Electric Vehicles, #Hybrid_Electric_Vehicles_Production, Electric Vehicles (E-Vehicles) Business Opportunity
Presentation on fabrication of a stair climbing vehicleShimanto Mohammad
Stair climbing robotic vehicles can be very efficient tools to speed up search and rescue operations. They should be quick and agile and, at the same time, be able to deal with rough terrain and even to climb stairs. This paper presents the implementation of a stair-climbing vehicle having a robotic arm fabricated not only for the rescue operations but also for any types of industrial application. When an object is taken in front of it, then it grips the object as well as can measure the weight of the objects and sort them according to the weight.
A go-kart, also written as go-cart (often referred to as simply a kart), is a type of open-wheel car. Go-karts come in all shapes and forms, from motorless models to high-powered racing machines. Some, such as Superkarts, are able to beat racing cars or motorcycles on long circuits.
Design and Simulation of a Fractal Micro-TransformerIJERA Editor
Due to advancement in smart technologies, the issues like renewable energy integrations into the existing power
systems, reduced weight and size of power equipments is required. In this regard, this work is focused on the
study and design of fractal type micro-transformer for day-to-day applications. An air core transformer is
designed using finite element modeling. The obtained results showed far better implementation parameters in
comparison to the macro transformers.
Analysis of Permanent Magnets Bearings in Flywheel Rotor DesignsIJERA Editor
This paper discusses analysis of permanent magnet bearing in flywheel rotor designs. This work focuses on
the advantages of using permanent magnets in flywheel rotor design as compared to that of the
convectional mode of levitating the rotor position. The use of permanent magnet in magnetic bearing
design to generate the steady state position of the magnetic field results in less variation of the force
exerted on the rotor when it deviates from the nominal position than when an electrical coil is used for the
same purpose. Theresults of the analysis shows that the magnetic bearing dynamics as well as its load
carryingcapacity improves when the rotor is offset from its central position. The use of permanent magnet
compared to current-carrying coils results in smaller overall size of magnetic bearing leading to a more
compact system design resulting in improved rotordynamic performance.
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering(IOSR-JEEE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electrical and electronics engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electrical and electronics engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
The Determination of Effects of Primary and Secondary Geometry of Tubular Lin...IOSRJEEE
In this paper, general information on the construction of tubular generators are given. Also, the numeric analyses were conducted by using 2D and 3D finite elements software. The output power, iron loss and cogging force change were compared by sensing the primary and secondary structural geometry of generator. Instead of the annular magnets, the magnets in the form of block were used mobile (secondary) part of generator. Also, analyses were conducted on the generator for two primary geometries.
Design and Simulation of Array of Rectangular Micro Cantilevers Piezoelectric...IJERA Editor
This paper presents the design, analysis and simulation of MEMS based array of bimorph rectangular microcantilever piezoelectric energy harvester structure with and without tip mass, to analyze their sensitivity. The microcantilever beams are made up of piezoelectric material and Aluminium as a substrate material. The analytical simulation of design is done by FEM (COMSOL Multiphysics). The simulation results of bimorph cantilever structure, applied force of 0.1 N and obtained end displacement and electric potential developed are given. The analytical model of the cantilever beam will be analyzed and the process of its construction will be discussed. The changes in the sensitivity of a cantilever beam with respect to change in its shape for the same applied force of 0.1N are denoted.
There are abundant of wave energy converter technologies available to convert wave energy into useable energy. However, most of them are huge and suitable for large application. Thus, this paper aimed to propose portable pico generator designs for small scale application. Investigation on the performance of designs with varying halbach magnet shapes was mainly focused and discussed. Two designs of different magnet shape i.e. triangular and trapezoid were proposed. Open-circuit simulation and optimization results were obtained using Finite Element Method. From the results, it was found out that Trapezoid Magnet Design produced better performance and lower material cost compared to another proposed design, Triangular Magnet as well as conventional Rectangular Magnet shape.
Compatibility Design of Non Salient Pole Synchronous Generatorijtsrd
This paper is focused design calculation of 30 MVA, 11 kV, 50 Hz, two pole non salient poles synchronous generator that use in gas turbine power plant. The choices of specific loadings are magnetic loading and electric loading are involved in that design calculation. The number of rotor slot selection main considered in order to avoid the undesirable effects of harmonics in the flux density wave forms. The rotors are cylindrical in shape having parallel slots on it to place rotor windings. The design system is compatibility based on where specific magnetic loading or specific electric loading with synchronous generator generate more electrical power and to get better performance. The relation between specific loading and volume of the generator, short circuit ratio and air gap length, comparison design data and efficiency due to load changing are mainly emphasized studying in this paper. Thant Zaw Oo | Aye Myo Thant ""Compatibility Design of Non-Salient Pole Synchronous Generator"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd24026.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/24026/compatibility-design-of-non-salient-pole-synchronous-generator/thant-zaw-oo
Similar to Design and Simulation of Permanent Magnet Linear Generator for Wave Energy Power Plant (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD25108 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2019 Page: 1203
Fig.1 The principles of a wave energy plant with a linear
generator.
Fig.2 Cross-section of the linear generator
B. Stator
The stator is made of laminated electrical steel, piled into
one solid unit, see Fig.3.
Fig. 3 Tilted side view of a section of the stator.
The conductors are power cables with a circular cross-
section and a conducting area of 16 mm2, insulated with a
1.1 mm PVC-layer, which adds up to an outer diameterof 7.2
mm. The coil winding is a three-phase winding with a slot
per pole and phase ratio of 5/4. This winding configuration
aims at minimizing the fluctuation in the output power
caused by cogging. A three-phase LFM with a slot per pole
and phase ratio equal to one is proposed as generator in the
Archimedes Wave Swing [1].
C. Rotor
Two types of magnetfixation methods,surfacemountingand
burying magnets between pole shoes, are tested with two
different types of permanent magnets. The two fixation
methods are illustrated in Fig.4. In both configurations
adjacent magnets have opposite polarity and a movement of
the rotor creates an altering magneticfieldinthestatorcoils.
Fig.4 Tilted side view of rotor for a LFM linear generator
Fig.5 Magnetic circuit for a rotor with buried and surface
mounted magnets by closed curves and arrows indicate
the flux direction.
Fig.5 (a) shows the magnetic circuit of a rotor with buried
magnets. The flux is led from the magnets through bars of
magnetic steel, called pole shoes. The pole shoe enables
control of the magnetic flux distributions in the periphery of
the air gap and it also protects the magnets from transient
magnetic fields generated by short circuit in the outer
circuit. The aluminium plate on the backside of the rotor
serves as a barrier for the magnetic flux to pass through the
backside of the rotor. A portion of the magnetic flux will
unavoidably pass through the back. That flux will not
contribute to the magnetic coupling and can be considered
as “lost”.
The magnetic circuit of a generator with surface mounted
magnets are illustrated in Fig.5 (b). Surface mounted
magnets are more exposed to transients and face a larger
risk of demagnetization. On the other hand the magnetic
circuit has no obvious shortcuts, as is the case for the buried
magnets.
Two permanent magnets have been examined: ordinary
ferrite (Fe) magnets and high-energy Neo-dymium-Iron-
Boron (NdFeB) magnets.Thebasicpropertiesof themagnets
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD25108 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2019 Page: 1204
are presented in Table (1). NeFeB magnets are considerably
more expensive than Fe magnets and the relation of the kilo
price is assumed to be 10:1.
TABLE I Properties of the Magnets
Material
Neodymium-Iron
-Boron (Vacodym
633 PT)
Ferrite Magnet
(Oe Magnet
Y30 BH)
Remanence 1,32 0,3663
Relative
Permeability
1,06 1,06
Density
(kg/m3)
7700 4700
III. Design Calculation Of A PMLG
The proposed design procedureutilizestherotatingmachine
design by converting thespecifications of thelinearmachine.
A standard or classical design procedure begins with the
power output equation relating the machine dimensions
such as diameter, lamination stack length, speed, magnetic
loading and electric loading.
Future, the machine dimensions and their impact on
performance are characterized by implicit relationshipsand
made available in a form to enable machine design.
Analytical expressions relation machine dimensions to
output variables are required for a linear machine design.
The longitudinal linear configuration of a three-phase
machine with an active stator and passive translator is
designed in this paper.
A permanent magnet linear generator configuration is
designed for the following specifications.
The electromagnetic force, F=1450 N
The maximum linear velocity (speed), v = 0.5 m/s
Type of permanent magnet is Nd-Fe-B that value remanent
magnetic flux density, Br = 1.2 T
The coercive force Hc = 900 kA/m
The secondary core made of solid iron with infinitive
permeability, µ = α
Permissible flux density, By2 = 1.2 T
Air gap:
Airgap flux density, Bg = 0.85 T
Airgap length , g = 1 mm
If the wave power (mechanical power) loss in ignored, the
average in put power of the generator,
EIFvPin ==
In a generator there are three kinds of losses;
1. Core loss, due to the change of magnetic field; these
losses take place in the stator steel, and they consist of
the hysteresis losses and the losses due to the eddy
currents.
2. Copper losses; they are resistive losses in the coil
windings
3. Mechanical losses due to friction and ventilation.
The copper (resistive) losses, which are the only losses
considered in this application, appear in the conductor with
the electrical resistance, RφT carrying a current , I:
2
2 IRP Tϕ=∆
The output power; IVP outo ≅
and the generator efficiency;
cout
out
in
out
PP
P
P
P
∆+
≅=η
The length of the primary winding depends on the tooth
pitch τ1 , the numbers of turns per phase Np , the numbers of
turns per coil Nc , and the number of phases m ,
m
N
N
l
c
p
prim
= 1τ
The length of the active part of the secondary must be the
same as the length of the primary. It depends on the pole
pitch τ and on the number of the pair poles, P ,
τPl active 2)sec( =
Snce the secondary part moves, and in order to have the
same active part during the oscillation, the real length of the
secondary must be greater than the primary. Inthiscase,the
secondary will have two more pair poles,
τ)2(2sec += Pl
The air gap PM flux density in the air gap BgPM, is
)1()1(
1
)( sfringreccoilPM
recPMr
gPM
kkhgl
lB
B
+×+
×
×++
××
=
µ
µ
In general, for a good design, kfring <0.3-0.5 ks takes care of
magnetic saturation and is generally less than 0.05to0.15 in
a well-designed machine.
The emf in the 2p1 coils in series, E is as follows:
+
××××=
strokePM
PM
cavcgPM
ll
l
pNDtvBtE 2)()( π
The machine inductance ls and resistance Rs are
)(4
1 2
0
coilPM
strokePM
avccs
hgh
ll
DNpL
++
+
= πµ
con
cn
c
avccos
j
NI
pN
DR
)(
2
2
2
πρ=
4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
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TABLE II Calculated Design Of Stator And Translator Data
No. Design Parameter Calculated Value
1. Output voltage 59.3 v
2. Output current 12 A
3. Power Capacity 330 w
4. Vertical length of primary 280 mm
5. Vertical length of secondary 420 mm
6. Secondary core length, l2 48 mm
7. Secondary core length, ly2 40 mm
8. Thickness of the permanent magnets, lm 4 mm
9. Length of tooth, hl 244 mm
10. Thickness of the primary york, wy1 3 mm
11. Length of the primary yoke, ly1 24.85 mm
12. Length of the primary outer yoke, lyo1 27.85 mm
13. Number of turns in a coil, Nc 70
14. Number of pole 4
15. Number of slot per per pole, phase 5/4
IV. Result Of Performance And Magnetizing Field
The generator’s shaft is made of non-magnetic steel. On the
shaft are fixed permanent magnets that are separated by
ferromagnetic pieces. The stator has 6 slots in which are
placed 6 flat coils of a three-phase winding with 2 coil on
each phase.
The rotor’s length is greater than the stator’s one. The rotor
is moving along the symmetry axle with a low frequency of a
few hertz equal to the one of the waves. The numerical
modeling of the magnetizing field is performed with the
conjugated gradient method using the FEMM software [5].
The influence of the permanent magnet with over the
magnetizing field for a fixed position of the rotor beside the
stator and the rotor’s position influence over the stator for a
fixed width of the permanent magnets are analyzed.
Fig.6. The linear generator’s sketch
The oscillatory movement of the rotor is obtained using a
rod winch mechanism. The generator model is operating
horizontally.
Fig.7 The magnetizing characteristic of B-H and Flux
Density curve
This Fig.7 is presented material characteristic of
ferromagnetic material. The permanent magnets are
considered to be NdFeB and have the following
specifications: permeability Hc=979000A/m; relative
magnetic permeability ߤr=1.049;maximummagneticenergy
BHmax=40MGOe; electrical conductivity ߪ =0.667MS/m. the
average speed of the rotorfor half of maximumdisplacement
is about 0.106m/s, and the average thrust force about
38.73N. the experimental model generates at stator
terminals an electric power 6.787W.
Fig.8. Real data of PMLG for magnetizing field
Fig.9 The magnetizing field’s map for flux density
Fig.10 The magnetizing field’s map for current density
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In this case of the alignment of the magnet axis with the
central statoric tooth axis it happens a specialphenomenon .
That is, the magnetic field lines of the magnet aligned with
the statoric tooth, due to the symmetry, do not close along
this tooth and so the flux density of this tooth is quite low
about 0.15 T. In exchange, the area of the statoric tooth
towards the air gap is saturated, the flux density is about 2.9
T. A lot of magnetic field lines are running through the
statoric teeth in neighborhood producing saturation of the
areas towards the air gap. The flux density from these zones
is around 1.96T.
V. Conclusion
The paper shows to the linear generators with permanent
magnets manufacturers, useful information regarding the
most endangered zones from a magnetic point of view. It
also presents the values for the forcesthat arethedangerous
ones for the generator. The optimal width of the permanent
magnet is determined in order to obtain the maximum
possible value for the efficiency of the generator. The results
presented in the paper are based on the computation of the
magnetic field and on the forces that act over the different
parts of the generator. The magnetic field was obtained
using the finite element method with the help of FEMM
software.
Acknowledgment
Firstly, the author would like to thank my parents for their
best wish to join the Ph.D course at MTU. The author would
like to express his gratitude to Dr. Nay Soe Shwe, Head of
Department of Electrical Power Engineering and to his
teachers from Mandalay Technological University. The
author greatly expresses his thanks to allpersonswhom will
concern to support in preparing this paper.
References
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